CN111468378A - 一种低成本可大面积应用的辐射制冷薄膜及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低成本可大面积应用的辐射制冷薄膜及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111468378A
CN111468378A CN202010384286.3A CN202010384286A CN111468378A CN 111468378 A CN111468378 A CN 111468378A CN 202010384286 A CN202010384286 A CN 202010384286A CN 111468378 A CN111468378 A CN 111468378A
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郝加明
李世民
文政绩
许昊
孙艳
邓惠勇
戴宁
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低成本可大面积应用的辐射制冷薄膜及制备方法。该材料体系自下而上包括金属薄膜层、无机物颗粒与有机物混合层；该薄膜体系具有辐射效率高、太阳光能量吸收小、广角度辐射的特点。太阳光能量平均反射率达到90％，大气窗口平均辐射率达到92％。本辐射制冷材料可以实现低于室外8℃左右的降温效果，其不但工艺简单、成本低廉、可大面积制备，而且还具有柔性、疏水等一系列优点，使其可被用于建筑，交通工具，航天等众多领域。

Description

一种低成本可大面积应用的辐射制冷薄膜及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及温控材料技术领域，涉及一种低成本可大面积应用的辐射制冷薄膜材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人类社会的飞速发展，能源需求也越来越大。在目前人类能源消耗中，制冷占据了极其巨大的比重。面对如此巨大的能耗，人们开始对低能耗或零能耗产品的研发产生兴趣，并希望以此构建更加绿色的生活形态。
鉴于宇宙背景可以被视为一个巨大的低温容器，地球表面物体对宇宙背景的热辐射是其降温的主要原因。通过合适的材料选择和结构设计以长波红外(8-13um)热辐射的方式，将物体表面的热量释放到大气层以外，从而实现物体表面低于环境温度或低于同等条件下不进行辐射制冷的物体温度的目的，即辐射制冷(radiative cooling)。辐射制冷这一概念早在上个世纪60年代就已经引起关注和研究。但是基于材料和加工手段的限制，这个设想一直只能在夜晚无光照条件下才能有效工作，而白天日照条件下的有效辐射制冷很难实现。因为要实现辐射制冷，原理上除了要保证在大气窗口的辐射以外，还要尽可能降低太阳光的吸收。
随着微纳加工技术的发展，虽然近几年人们通过光子晶体，超构材料等结构设计实现了一定的辐射制冷效果。但是由于微纳结构加工难度大和成本高，很难做到大面积应用推广。
本发明公开一种利用简单工业化制备方法生产的具有良好辐射制冷效果的大面积薄膜材料。其优点包括：太阳光能量平均反射率达到90％，大气窗口平均辐射率达到92％，可实现低于环境温度8℃左右的降温效果。该辐射制冷材料具有热辐射效率高、太阳光能量吸收小，且工艺简单、成本低廉、可大面积制备、柔性等一系列优点。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种通过简单工业化方法，设计并制备具有辐射制冷效果的大面积薄膜材料。该薄膜结构设计合理，层间结合强度高，使用性能稳定，寿命长，制冷效果良好，使用时安全可靠。
该塑料薄膜采用多层复合结构设计，包括金属薄膜层1、无机物颗粒2、有机物3。复合薄膜自下而上依次为金属薄膜层1、无机物颗粒2与有机物3混合层。
所述金属薄膜层1起到提高薄膜在太阳光谱和红外波段的反射的作用。主要用铝箔，锡箔或金膜、银膜等制成的薄膜，金属镀膜厚度在100nm-200nm；
所述无机物颗粒2用来辐射8-13um的红外波，起到将能量辐射到外太空的作用，同时利用球散射原理增强材料在太阳光谱的反射，起到减少阳光能量的吸收的作用。微纳粉末(如氧化物颗粒TiO2、SiO、SiO2，硫化物，氮化物Si3N4颗粒等)混合后利用刮涂，喷涂，旋涂等方式而制成，厚度可以进行自由调整，厚度越大可见光反射效果越好。
所述有机物3用来增强8-13um的红外波辐射，同时提高薄膜的耐磨损和粘附性的作用。由高分子有机物聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)疏水涂层构成，通过将制备好的有机物稀释液喷涂或刮涂在薄膜表面形成疏水特性。
附图说明
图1为辐射制冷多层薄膜结构示意图，其中1是金属薄膜层，2是无机物颗粒，3是有机物。
具体实施方式
实施例一：首先配置前驱体溶液：(a)PDMS溶液：将聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物A、交联剂B，混合于三氯甲烷中，混合比例为10：1：20，然后通过磁力搅拌使其混合均匀，静置待用。(b)颗粒物分散液：将20nm的Si3N4颗粒物分散在去离子水中，超声搅拌20分钟，磁力搅拌3分钟后备用。然后开始样品制备：将蒸镀银厚度为100nm玻璃衬底放在刮膜机平板表面，然后将配置颗粒物分散液喷涂在铝箔上，然后放置在通风厨内自然干燥20分钟。然后将配置好的PDMS溶液适量倒置在薄膜刮涂初始端，选择型号为6um厚线棒以一定速度进行刮涂。将涂覆好的薄膜放入烘箱中，以100摄氏度进行固化一小时。最后取出静置冷却得到1umPDMS膜。通过红外和可见光谱仪测试光谱，减去合适大小进行实际降温效果测试。
实施例二：有机物和颗粒物前驱体溶液配置方法同实施例一，所用颗粒大小为100nm的SiO2。然后开始样品制备：将蒸镀金厚度为150nm玻璃衬底放在刮膜机平板表面，将配置颗粒物分散液喷涂在铝箔上，然后放置在通风厨内自然干燥20分钟。然后将样品放置在旋涂仪吸盘上，将配置好的PDMS溶液旋涂在样品表面。将涂覆好的薄膜放入烘箱中，以100摄氏度进行固化一小时。最后取出静置冷却得到1.5um厚PDMS膜。通过红外和可见光谱仪测试光谱，减去合适大小进行实际降温效果测试。
实施例三：有机物和颗粒物前驱体溶液配置方法同实施例一,所用颗粒为100nm的TiO2。然后开始样品制备：将铝箔展平放置在刮膜机平板表面，将配置颗粒物分散液喷涂在铝箔上，然后放置在通风厨内自然干燥20分钟。然后将PDMS喷涂在样品表面，并将涂覆好的薄膜放入烘箱中，以100摄氏度进行固化一小时。最后取出静置冷却得到1.5um厚PDMS膜。通过红外和可见光谱仪测试光谱，剪合适大小进行实际降温效果测试。
实施例四：首先配置前驱体溶液：(a)PDMS溶液：将聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物A、交联剂B，混合于三氯甲烷中，混合质量比例为10：1.5：60，然后通过磁力搅拌使其混合均匀，静置待用。(b)颗粒物分散液：过程同实施例一,所用颗粒为100nm的SiO。然后开始样品制备得到2um厚PDMS膜：同实施例三。通过红外和可见光谱仪测试光谱，剪合适大小进行实际降温效果测试。
实施例五：首先配置前驱体溶液：(a)PDMS溶液：将聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物A、交联剂B，混合于三氯甲烷中，混合质量比例为10：2：100，然后通过磁力搅拌使其混合均匀，静置待用。(b)颗粒物分散液：过程同实施例一，所用颗粒为200nm的Si3N4。然后开始样品制备得到1um厚PDMS膜：同实施例三。通过红外和可见光谱仪测试光谱，剪合适大小进行实际降温效果测试。

Claims (2)

1.一种低成本可大面积应用的辐射制冷薄膜，包括金属薄膜层(1)、无机物颗粒(2)和有机物(3)，其特征在于:
复合薄膜自下而上依次为金属薄膜层(1)、无机物颗粒(2)与有机物(3)混合层；
所述金属薄膜层(1)是铝、锡、金或银制成的薄膜，厚度为100nm-200nm；
所述无机物颗粒(2)是氧化物颗粒TiO2、SiO、SiO2，硫化物或氮化物Si3N4颗粒的微纳粉末，颗粒物直径为10-200nm；
所述有机物(3)由聚二甲基硅氧烷PDMS构成，薄膜厚度为1-2um。
2.一种制备如权利要求1所述的低成本可大面积应用的辐射制冷薄膜的方法，其特征在于方法如下：
所述金属薄膜层(1)直接采用铝箔或锡箔，或在其他衬底上蒸镀金膜、银膜；
所述无机物颗粒(2)由微纳粉末溶于水或乙醇分散剂后，利用刮刀刮涂，喷笔喷涂，匀胶机旋涂在金属薄膜层(1)上；
所述有机物(3)通过将聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物、交联剂，混合于甲苯或三氯甲烷有机溶剂中，混合质量比例为10:1:20到10:2:100，然后将溶液喷涂或刮涂在薄膜表面形成疏水特性，形成无机物颗粒(2)与有机物(3)混合层。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112250973A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-22 河北工业大学 一种多孔辐射制冷薄膜及其制备方法
CN114106691A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-01 三峡大学 复合型具有超疏水辐射制冷的涂层材料及其制备方法
CN114801378A (zh) * 2022-05-21 2022-07-29 南开大学 一种低于室温的柔性彩色辐射制冷器件及其制备方法
CN115160620A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-10-11 三峡大学 双层结构辐射制冷薄膜及其制备方法和应用

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