CN111467462B - 一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,按重量份计,包括白头翁30‑50份、黄连25‑35份、黄柏15‑20份、秦皮25‑30份、紫花地丁20‑40份、蒲公英15‑20份、板蓝根15‑30份、栀子25‑35份、穿心莲10‑25份、大蒜30‑45份、诃子25‑35份、黄芪20‑25份、党参25‑35份、白术25‑30份、柴胡25‑30份、干姜10‑25份、焦山楂20‑25份、枳壳10‑15份。本发明的中药组合物治疗家禽沙门氏菌病效果好,见效快,成本低、绿色环保,简单实用、可以减少或替代抗生素的使用,还可以补中益气,健脾和胃,提高机体抵抗力,适合在家禽养殖中推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,属于家禽养殖技术领域。
背景技术
禽沙门氏菌病是由肠杆菌科沙门氏菌属中的一种或多种沙门氏菌引起的禽类疾病的总称,是一种严重威胁着家禽肠道健康的细菌性疾病,雏鸡感染突出的表现是下痢,排白色、糊状稀粪,肛门周围的绒毛常被粪便所污染,干后结成石灰样硬块;中雏最明显的表现是腹泻,排出颜色不一的粪便,成年感染后虽然症状轻微,但是影响产蛋率,病且还可经蛋传播给子代鸡。本病的主要病变集中在肝脏和胃肠道,表现为肝脏肿大充血、出血、甚至破裂,胃肠道出血性炎,尤其是十二指肠,盲肠内有干酪样栓子堵塞等。
由于本病血清型多,难以用疫苗来预防该病,氟喹诺酮类及氨苄青霉素类等抗生素,可以控制本病但不能完全消灭,而且容易产生耐药性和药物残留。目前我国在家禽养殖中要求施行无抗养殖,不提倡用抗生素防控家禽疾病。
目前,在申请号为CN 10599312 A的专利中公开了治疗家禽沙门氏菌的中药组合物,该中药组合物由以下重量配比的原料制成:杨树花600-800g;白头翁200-400g;及适量的乳酸片球菌和纳豆芽孢杆菌。该发明的中药组合物毒性小,对人类完全无影响,增强鸡禽免疫、代谢、吸收能力,提高饲料的吸收转化率,提高鸡禽活力,且需要的中草药种类少,来源广泛。但该中药组合物为非纯中药制剂。
在申请号为CN 107007639 A的专利中公开了一种预防和治疗雏鸡沙门氏菌病的中药及其制备方法,板蓝根口服液是将板蓝根超微粉碎,粉碎粒度可达500目,用常温注射用水浸泡2小时后,通过过滤、离心、壳聚糖除杂质等制备工艺进行提取其活性成分,浓缩制备板蓝根生药含量为1.0g/ml的透明液体在63C下加热30分钟后进行灭菌后,分装在250mI棕色瓶中。该发明改变了传统煎煮中药制备口服液的方法,是一种全新的制备中药口服液的新技术。用于预防雏鸡沙门氏菌病时每只雏鸡0.25g。该方法制备流程复杂且只适用于雏鸡。
以上两种方案均不能从根本上治疗家禽沙门氏菌病。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,标本兼治,从根本上解决家禽肠道健康问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁30-50份、黄连25-35份、黄柏15-20份、秦皮25-30份、紫花地丁20-40份、蒲公英15-20份、板蓝根15-30份、栀子25-35份、穿心莲10-25份、大蒜30-45份、诃子25-35份、黄芪20-25份、党参25-35份、白术25-30份、柴胡25-30份、干姜10-25份、焦山楂20-25份、枳壳10-15份。
作为改进,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁38-42份、黄连28-30份、黄柏16-18份、秦皮26-28份、紫花地丁28-34份、蒲公英16-18份、板蓝根20-24份、栀子28-30份、穿心莲16-18份、大蒜35-40份、诃子28-33份、黄芪22-24份、党参28-32份、白术27-29份、柴胡28-30份、干姜15-20份、焦山楂22-25份、枳壳10-12份。
作为改进,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁40份、黄连29份、黄柏17份、秦皮27份、紫花地丁30份、蒲公英18份、板蓝根22份、栀子28份、穿心莲17份、大蒜40份、诃子30份、黄芪23份、党参31份、白术28份、柴胡29份、干姜20份、焦山楂22份、枳壳10份。
本发明的中药组合物,可由上述原料打粉、过筛、混匀后分装得到。
本发明中采用的各中药组份的性能:
白头翁:
【性味归经】苦,寒。归胃、大肠经。
【功能主治】清热解毒,凉血止痢。治疗热毒泻痢,湿热肠黄。
黄连:
【性味归经】苦,寒。归心、肝、脾、胃、大肠经。
【功能主治】清热燥湿,泻火解毒。治疗湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心悸不宁,血热吐衄,痈肿疗疮等。
黄柏:
【性味归经】苦,寒。归肾、膀胱、大肠经。
【功能主治】清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮,清退虚热。治疗湿热泻痢,黄疸尿赤,疮痈肿毒,盗汗,遗精,湿疹湿疮。
秦皮:
【性味归经】味苦、涩,性寒。归肝、胆、大肠经。
【功能主治】清热燥湿,收涩止痢,止带,明目。治疗湿热泻痢,赤白带下,目赤肿痛,目生翳膜。
紫花地丁:
【性味归经】苦、辛,寒。归心、肝、大肠经。
【功能主治】清热解毒,凉血消肿。治疗黄疸、痢疾、乳腺炎、目赤肿痛、咽炎;外敷治跌打损伤、痈肿、毒蛇咬伤。
蒲公英:
【性味归经】苦、甘,寒。归肝、胃经。
【功能主治】清热燥湿,消痈散结,利尿通淋。治疗黄疸、热疖疮毒、尿血热淋,目赤肿痛。
板蓝根:
【性味归经】苦,寒。归心、肺、胃经。
【功能主治】清热解毒,凉血利咽。治疗流感,瘟疫,咽喉肿痛,口色生疮,疮黄中毒。
栀子:
【性味归经】苦,寒。归心、肝、肺、胃、三焦经。
【功能主治】泻火除烦,利湿退黄,凉血止血。治疗热病心烦,湿热黄疸,淋证涩痛,血热吐衄,目赤肿痛,火毒疮疡,外治扭挫伤痛。
穿心莲:
【性味归经】苦,寒。归肺、胃、大肠、膀胱经。
【功能主治】清热解毒,凉血消肿。治疗感冒发热,咽喉肿痛,口舌生疮,肺热咳嗽,泄泻痢疾,痈肿疮疡。
大蒜:
【性味归经】辛,温。归肺、脾、胃经。
【功能主治】解毒消肿,杀虫,止痢。治疗痈肿疮疡,疥癣,肺痨,顿咳,泄泻,痢疾。
诃子:
【性味归经】味苦、酸、涩,性平。归肺、大肠经。
【功能主治】涩肠止泻,敛肺止咳,降火利咽。治疗久泻久痢,便血脱肛,肺虚喘咳,久嗽不止,咽痛音哑。
黄芪:
【性味归经】甘,微温。归脾、肺经。
【功能主治】补气固表,托毒排脓,利尿,生肌。治疗气虚乏力、久泻脱肛、自汗、水肿、子宫脱垂、慢性肾炎蛋白尿、糖尿病、疮口久不愈合。
党参:
【性味归经】甘,平。归脾、肺经。
【功能主治】补中,益气,生津。治疗脾胃虚弱,气血两亏,体倦无力,食少,口渴,久泻,脱肛。
白术:
【性味归经】苦、甘,温。归脾、肺、肾经。
【功能主治】健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。治疗脾虚泄泻,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。
柴胡:
【性味归经】辛、苦,微寒。归肝、胆、肺经。
【功能主治】和解表里,疏肝解郁,升阳举陷,退热截疟。治疗感冒发热,寒热往来,胸胁胀痛,内脏脱垂、脱肛等。
干姜:
【性味归经】辛,热。归脾、胃、肾、心、肺经。
【功能主治】温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮。治疗脘腹冷痛,呕吐泄泻,肢冷脉微,寒饮喘咳。
焦山楂:
【性味归经】酸、甘,微温。归脾、胃、肝经。
【功能主治】消食健胃,行气散瘀,化浊降脂。治疗食积不化,伤食泄泻,产后瘀血等。焦山楂消食导滞作用增强。用于肉食积滞,泻痢不爽。
枳壳:
【性味归经】苦、辛、酸,微寒。归脾、胃经。
【功能主治】理气宽中,行滞消胀。治疗胸胁气滞,胀满疼痛,食积不化,痰饮内停,脏器下垂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的中药组合物可以有效防治家禽沙门氏菌病且绿色环保无残留,其中白头翁、黄连、黄柏、紫花地丁等具有清热解毒、燥湿止痢功效,配合大蒜、诃子等涩肠止泻属对症治疗,再辅以黄芪、白术、柴胡、干姜等补中益气、理肝、健脾和胃来对因治疗。从而标本兼治,从根本上解决家禽肠道健康问题。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了,下面对本发明进行进一步详细说明。但是应该理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁30份、黄连25份、黄柏15份、秦皮25份、紫花地丁20份、蒲公英15份、板蓝根15份、栀子25份、穿心莲10份、大蒜30份、诃子25份、黄芪20份、党参25份、白术25份、柴胡25份、干姜10份、焦山楂20份、枳壳10份;
该中药组合物,由上述原料打粉、过筛、混匀后分装得到。
实施例2
一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁50份、黄连35份、黄柏20份、秦皮30份、紫花地丁40份、蒲公英20份、板蓝根30份、栀子35份、穿心莲25份、大蒜45份、诃子35份、黄芪25份、党参35份、白术30份、柴胡30份、干姜25份、焦山楂25份、枳壳15份;
该中药组合物,由上述原料打粉、过筛、混匀后分装得到。
实施例3
一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁40份、黄连29份、黄柏17份、秦皮27份、紫花地丁30份、蒲公英18份、板蓝根22份、栀子28份、穿心莲17份、大蒜40份、诃子30份、黄芪23份、党参31份、白术28份、柴胡29份、干姜20份、焦山楂22份、枳壳10份;
该中药组合物,由上述原料打粉、过筛、混匀后分装得到。
本发明在经过体外抗菌实验测定中药:白头翁、黄连、黄柏、紫花地丁、蒲公英、板蓝根、栀子、穿心莲、诃子、大蒜等16味中药的最低抑菌浓度(MIC值)筛选有效的抗菌中药,结合经方(白头翁汤和黄连解毒汤)在测定其联合用药指数(FIC值)的基础上对药物进行有机配比和加减方剂,得到新型方剂:白头翁30-50份、黄连25-35份、黄柏15-20份、秦皮25-30份、紫花地丁20-40份、蒲公英15-20、板蓝根15-30份、栀子25-35份、穿心莲10-25份、诃子25-35份,均是抗沙门氏菌作用比较好的清热解毒、消炎止泻类中药,主要针对沙门氏菌引起的肝炎和胃肠道出血性炎,黄白痢等病症的治疗,考虑到药物进入机体内药效的更好发挥和增强机体抵抗力,因此在方剂里加入了:大蒜30-45份、黄芪20-25份、党参25-35份、白术25-30份、柴胡25-30份、干姜10-25份、焦山楂20-25份、枳壳10-15份,具有理气保肝、健脾和胃和补中益气功效的药物,再进行体内抗菌实验(家禽的沙门氏菌防治试验)研究测验其临床药理药效,实验数据见附表1-5。
表1中药抗沙门氏菌的MIC值(g/mL)
注:数值越小,表明抑菌作用越强;“-”表示无抑菌作用。由于耐药菌株不同,同一类药物有的MIC值也有不同,因此设MIC平均值。
表2中药联合对沙门氏菌的FIC值
注:FIC值<0.5,则表现为协同作用;FIC值为0.5~1.0,则表现为相加作用;FIC值为1.0~2.0,则为无关作用;FIC值>2,则表现为拈抗作用。由于耐药菌株不同,同一类药物有的FIC值也有不同,因此设FIC平均值。
表3体内抗菌试验处理及分组
沙门氏菌试验组雏鸡饲养中使用中药复方混饲剂量约为0.3g/只,健康对照组和感染对照组不加任何药物,连续用5天。然后除健康对照组外,其余各组均人工感染致病菌进行攻毒。同时记录和统计各种数据。
表4组方对实验性鸡沙门氏菌病的预防试验结果
试验鸡攻毒发病后,按表3进行治疗,连用5d。停药后连续观察10d。治疗期间密切关注各组鸡只的发病和恢复情况。对死亡鸡只进行剖检,观察内脏病变,并做好记录,并取病料进行病原分离培养与鉴定,同时记录发病数、死亡数和存活数等指标。
(1)死亡率试验期间,鸡只出现典型症状并死亡,剖检有特征性病变,并从心脏、肝脏及肠道等处分离到致病菌的死亡鸡,判定为感染死亡。感染死亡的鸡只数占各组鸡只总数的百分比即为该组的死亡率。
(2)有效率临床症状部分消失;采食、饮水及精神等生理指标基本恢复正常为有效,根据有效数计算各组有效率。
(3)治愈率用药后,临床症状完全消失;采食、饮水及精神等生理指标完全恢复正常为治愈,治愈数占该组试验总数的百分比为治愈率。
(4)无效率临床症状未见减轻,甚至恶化或死亡为无效,根据无效数计算各组无效率。
表5组方对人工感染鸡沙门氏菌病的治疗结果单位:只,%
本发明的中药组合物治疗家禽沙门氏菌病效果好,见效快,成本低、绿色环保,简单实用、可以减少或替代抗生素的使用,还可以补中益气,健脾和胃,提高机体抵抗力,适合在家禽养殖中推广使用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁30-50份、黄连25-35份、黄柏15-20份、秦皮25-30份、紫花地丁20-40份、蒲公英15-20份、板蓝根15-30份、栀子25-35份、穿心莲10-25份、大蒜30-45份、诃子25-35份、黄芪20-25份、党参25-35份、白术25-30份、柴胡25-30份、干姜10-25份、焦山楂20-25份、枳壳10-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁38-42份、黄连28-30份、黄柏16-18份、秦皮26-28份、紫花地丁28-34份、蒲公英16-18份、板蓝根20-24份、栀子28-30份、穿心莲16-18份、大蒜35-40份、诃子28-33份、黄芪22-24份、党参28-32份、白术27-29份、柴胡28-30份、干姜15-20份、焦山楂22-25份、枳壳10-12份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于治疗家禽沙门氏菌病的中药组合物,其特征在于,其特征在于,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:白头翁40份、黄连29份、黄柏17份、秦皮27份、紫花地丁30份、蒲公英18份、板蓝根22份、栀子28份、穿心莲17份、大蒜40份、诃子30份、黄芪23份、党参31份、白术28份、柴胡29份、干姜20份、焦山楂22份、枳壳10份。
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