CN111454235B - 有机电致发光材料和器件 - Google Patents
有机电致发光材料和器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111454235B CN111454235B CN202010048247.6A CN202010048247A CN111454235B CN 111454235 B CN111454235 B CN 111454235B CN 202010048247 A CN202010048247 A CN 202010048247A CN 111454235 B CN111454235 B CN 111454235B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- -1 9' -spirobifluorenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 108
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 81
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- IYKBMPHOPLFHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=2C3=NC=CC=2)C3=N1 IYKBMPHOPLFHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FBTOLQFRGURPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-9h-carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C12 FBTOLQFRGURPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HHVGZHHLRBNWAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-diphenyltriazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=N1 HHVGZHHLRBNWAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VMXLZAVIEYWCLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylaniline Chemical class CC1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 VMXLZAVIEYWCLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenylphosphine oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-benzene Natural products CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- CDULGHZNHURECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylaniline 2,4-dimethylaniline 2,5-dimethylaniline 2,6-dimethylaniline 3,4-dimethylaniline 3,5-dimethylaniline Chemical group CC1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1.CC1=CC=C(C)C(N)=C1.CC1=CC(C)=CC(N)=C1.CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1C.CC1=CC=CC(N)=C1C.CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N CDULGHZNHURECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BWRMZQGIDWILAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=N1 BWRMZQGIDWILAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TWBPWBPGNQWFSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylaniline Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TWBPWBPGNQWFSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 110
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 45
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 42
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 38
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 37
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 34
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 29
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000005241 heteroarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000005264 aryl amine group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 9
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NSWAMPCUPHPTTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorimuron-ethyl Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(Cl)=CC(OC)=N1 NSWAMPCUPHPTTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NQFOGDIWKQWFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenalene Chemical compound C1=CC([CH]C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 NQFOGDIWKQWFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWBFCDHVRQBXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenz[a,c,h]anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=C(C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C3)C3=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C21 GWBFCDHVRQBXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IYDMICQAKLQHLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 IYDMICQAKLQHLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BJGMPOWDHZXEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5-triphenylpyrimidine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CN=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BJGMPOWDHZXEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GGUFVZFOCZNPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6-triphenyltriazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGUFVZFOCZNPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OURODNXVJUWPMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylanthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OURODNXVJUWPMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BRSRUYVJULRMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylanthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12 BRSRUYVJULRMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AZBXMQRLKQJXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-triphenyl-1-benzofuran Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC2=C1C(=C(O2)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZBXMQRLKQJXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SGPZQRDTKWINJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-triphenylpyridine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SGPZQRDTKWINJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WKAXDAMWMOBXMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylpyridine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WKAXDAMWMOBXMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C21 SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910005965 SO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acenaphthene Chemical compound C1=CC(CC2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930184652 p-Terphenyl Natural products 0.000 description 4
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- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UXUXNGMSDNTZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zethrene Chemical compound C1=CC(C=2C(C=3C=CC=C4C=CC=C(C=2)C4=3)=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 UXUXNGMSDNTZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2019年1月21日提交的美国专利申请第16/252,711号的优先权,其全部公开内容通过全文引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光(electroluminescence;简称EL)材料和器件,具体涉及一种有机化合物及其应用。
背景技术
与过去相比,有机化合物的有机电致发光(organic EL)器件,即有机发光二极管(OLED)器件的使用,越来越受欢迎。对含有所述有机化合物的这类器件的两端,施加驱动电压后,器件会发光。在平板显示器,前面发光、或背面发光等技术领域里,这类有机化合物的应用,越来越广泛。其中一种有机化合物,在本文中标示为D1,具有以下结构:
如本文所用,通常而言,论及有机电致发光器件的“顶部”,意指离有机电致发光器件的基板最远的部位,而“底部”意指最靠近基板的部位。在第二层被描述为“在”第一层“上”的情况,指的是,第二层被安置在离基板较远处。不过,除非明文规定第二层“与”第一层“接触”,否则第二层与第一层之间,还是可以存在其它层。举例来说,即使金属电极和基板之间存在多个有机薄膜层,仍可以将金属电极描述为是“在”基板“上”。
发明内容
根据本发明的实施例,公开一种有机化合物,以下式(A)表示:
其中G1和G2独立表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:芳族基团、杂芳族基团、芳胺基、杂芳胺基、膦氧化物、和其组合;其中基团A表示多环芳族基团;其中X表示二价桥选自由以下组成的群组:O、S、Se、NR3、SiR4R5、和其组合;其中R3表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、苯基、和其组合;其中R4和R5独立表示无取代基,或独立表示取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、苯基、吡啶、和其组合;其中R1表示无取代基、单个烷基、或多个烷基;其中m表示0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8的整数;其中R2表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:卤素、具有1至30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有7至30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳烷基、具有6至30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有3至30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基、和其组合;并且其中G1和G2独立任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,每个取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、芳基、苯基、和其组合。
附图说明
图1显示本发明有机电致发光器件的示意图。
图中:10透明电极(ITO基板;阳极) 20空穴注入层 30空穴传输层 40发光层 50空穴阻挡层 60电子传输层 70电子注入层 80金属电极(阴极)
具体实施方式
从当前本领域的有机化合物研发实践来看,受体构件的开发与试验,往往成为新有机化合物研发的突破口。针对受体构件所标定的缺口或特定层,研发具有OLED光电机理作用,可以实际解决技术问题的新有机化合物,既是研发阶段的主要思路与途径之一,同时也是提出专利申请的关键技术基础。由于上述光电机理的研究方式,已经成为本领域研发有机化合物的关键工作,在确定本申请实际解决的技术问题时,即不宜脱离本领域的研发实践和客观规律。同样是分析发明构思的过程,如果可以遵循本领域技术人员的研发思路,体会发明创设的历程,从本质上把握申请人的技术贡献,会有助于更准确地确定化合物发明实际解决的技术问题,并且为技术启示的判断打下深厚基础。
为了更加清楚的了解本发明的技术手段和实用目的,以下将通过表格、附图、图片、或示例化合物,揭露本发明的各种受体构件、各种制备实施例、器件实施例、和器件比较例。为明确说明起见,许多实务上的细节也会在以下叙述中一并说明。然而,应了解的是,关于本发明为何起作用的各种机理说明,例如但不限于施体与受体的光电机理,都是有意义而不是多余的。此外,为简化起见,一些构件或组件在表格、附图或图片中,只是以简单示意的方式绘示之,未必是依实际情况按比例缩放。再者,应理解到,实务上的细节未必限制本发明。易言之,在本发明实施例中,有些实务上的细节未必是必要的。在不背离本发明精神的情况下,可以用其他材料和/或结构,取代本文中所述的一些材料和结构。
由此可理解,当一组件或一层被称为在另一组件或另一层“上”或“连接(结)”、“耦接”另一组件或另一层时,它可以是直接在另一组件或另一层上、或连结、耦接另一组件或另一层,或可存在一或更多的中间组件或中间层。另外,由此可理解,当一组件或一层被称为在两组件或两层“之间”时,它可以是所述两组件或所述两层之间唯一的组件或层,或也可存在一或更多的中间组件或中间层。例如,当发光层被称为在金属电极与透明电极之间时,发光层可以是金属电极与透明电极之间唯一的层,也可存在更多的中间层。每个中间层,都可以是一种有机薄膜层。
本文所用的术语,目的只是为了具体说明实施例,不是用以限制本发明。本文使用的单数形式“一”、“所述”、“该”、“该些”、和“该等”也包括复数形式,除非上下文另有清楚的指示。应理解的是,当说明书中使用这些词汇“包含”或“包括”时,是明确地说明指定的成员、特征、整体、步骤、操作、组件及/或构件的存在,但不排除一或更多的成员、特征、整体、步骤、操作、组件、构件及/或其群组的存在或附加。有时,“一”甚至被省略,但仍不排除一或更多的成员、特征、整体、步骤、操作、组件、构件及/或其群组的存在或附加。举例来说,“甲基芴”不排除多个甲基取代,而是包括复数形式,也就是包括两个或两个以上的甲基取代(例如“二甲基芴”)。再例如,“联苯基”并不排除三个或三个以上苯基彼此键结,而是包括复数形式,也就是包括三个或三个以上的苯基彼此键结(例如“三联苯基”)。又例如,“异丙基胺”并不排除具有两个异丙基用作取代基的胺类化合物,而是更包括复数形式,也就是包括二个或二个以上的异丙基用作取代基的“二异丙基胺”。文中使用的“及/或”包括一或更多相关已并列的技术方案的任何以及全部组合。当并列的技术方案清单的前面加上,例如“至少一个…”的修辞,是修饰整个技术方案清单,而非只修饰清单的个别的技术方案。
如本文所用,「取代」或「被取代」表示除H(氢)以外的「取代基」键结至相关位置,例如键结至碳或氮。据此,举例来说,在用R1表示一个单取代基时,则一个R1必须不为H。同理,在以R1表示至少二取代基时,则有至少二个R1必须不为H。另外,在以R1表示无取代基时,如果环原子有可用价数时,R1可以是H;例如在苯环的环碳原子上,或者在吡咯(pyrrole)的环氮原子上,R1可以是H。如果环原子已完全填充化合价(fully filledvalencies),例如在吡啶(pyridine)的氮原子,则R1可以表示无取代基,而不用于表示任何H。
如本文所用,化合物的环结构中,取代基的可能最大数目,是由其所具有的可用化合价的数量来决定。例如,下列三亚苯化合物,其最上方的苯、和左下方的苯,两者共有八个可用化合价(8个可用取代位置),因此所述三亚苯化合物的R1取代基的可能最大数目是8。
多环芳族基团或配位基,可具有二个或更多个可以被取代的环结构。对于这样的化合物,可以绘制一条延伸的直线,穿过可以被取代的几个环结构。例如上列化合物,有一条延伸的直线,穿过最上方的苯环、和左下方的苯环,表示R1取代基,可以取代最上方的苯环,也可以取代左下方的苯环。
如本文所用,在以R1、R2…或RN,或以G1、G2…或GN表示取代基时,这些取代基可以是芳基、芳族基团、单环芳族基团、多环芳族基团、苯基、联苯、三联苯、间三联苯、对三联苯、邻三联苯、芴、苯并芴、萘、苯并[c]芴、蒽、三亚苯、芘、菲、非那烯、9,9'-螺二芴、芳烷基、烷基苯、甲基苯、丙基苯、异丙基苯、丁基苯、己基苯、吡啶基苯、甲基联苯、甲基芴、二甲基芴、苯基萘、二甲基苯并[c]芴、萘基蒽、联苯基蒽、苯基蒽、二苯基蒽、苯基芘、二苯基芘、联苯基芘、苯基菲、二苯基菲、苯基氰基苯、二氰基苯、杂芳基、杂芳族基团、单环杂芳族基团、多环杂芳族基团、二苯并呋喃、咔唑、双咔唑、二苯并噻吩、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吡嗪、二苯并吡嗪、吖啶、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、菲罗啉、菲咯啉、二氢吩嗪、苯并萘并呋喃、苯并咪唑、三亚苯并苯并呋喃、芘并苯并呋喃、二甲基二苯并呋喃、苯基咔唑、二异丁基咔唑、二甲基咔唑、苯基吡啶、二苯基三嗪、二苯基嘧啶、二苯基吡啶、萘基咔唑、三苯基三嗪、三苯基嘧啶、三苯基吡啶、二间三联苯基三嗪、二间三联苯基嘧啶、二间三联苯基吡啶、苯基联苯基嘧啶、甲基吖啶、二甲基吖啶、苯基二苯并吡嗪、苯基菲罗啉、2-甲基苯并咪唑、2-乙基苯并咪唑、芳胺基、苯胺、联苯胺、对三联苯胺、萘胺、芴胺、甲苯胺、二甲苯胺、丙苯胺、异丙苯胺、二异丙苯胺、二苯胺、三苯胺、二联苯胺、甲基联苯胺、苯基二苯并硫代苯胺、二萘胺、苯基萘胺、二甲基芴胺、杂芳胺基、二苯并呋喃胺、苯基二苯并呋喃基胺、烷胺基、异丙基胺、二异丙基胺、烷基、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、正丁基、己基、辛烷、十二烷基、环烷基、乙基辛烷、膦氧化物、苯基膦氧化物、二苯基膦氧化物、硅烷基、甲硅烷、三甲基硅、卤化物、三氟甲基、氰基、卤素、硝基、烷氧基、硝基甲氧基、己氧基、辛氧基苯、已基苯辛氧基、氘、氨基、烯基、环烯基、杂烯基、炔基、羰基、羧酸、醚、酯、二醇、异腈、硫、亚磺酰胺、磺酰、磷酸、杂环烷基、或其组合。另外,每个R1、R2…或RN,或以G1、G2…或GN表示取代基时,相邻的二个取代基,例如相邻的二个R2取代基可任选地键结(连接)或稠和在一起,以形成一单环结构(例如苯环或萘环),或形成稠合环(fused rings;也是一种多环芳族基团;是与被取代者共同构成的)。
如本文所用,应理解,当将分子片段描述为取代基,或描述为另外稠合或连接至其他部位时,所述分子片段所使用的名称,可以是如同“片段”一般,也可以是如同“整个分子”一般。如本文所用,这些取代基、连接片段、或整个分子以文字描述出来的不同名称,实际上是视为等效,而且可以彼此替换的。例如,胺与胺基,联苯与联苯基,萘与萘基,二苯并呋喃与二苯并呋喃基,芳基与亚芳基,苯与亚苯基,苯与伸苯基,芳族基团与亚芳族基团,是等效而可以彼此替换的。
如本文所用,如果是用来表达数目(例如几个)的术语「第一个整数至(至)第二个整数」,可以是涵盖第一个整数、第二个整数、和二个整数之间的「每一个」整数。也就是说,表达数目的术语「第一个整数至第二个整数」,其所有的整数,彼此是属于并列的技术方案。换句话说,表达数目的术语「第一个整数至第二个整数」,不是用来表示数值范围。例如,1至4涵盖了1、2、3、4,不包括1.5。又例如,0至3涵盖了0、1、2、3,其中的0、1、2、3是属于并列的技术方案。再例如,1~5个涵盖了1个、2个、3个、4个、5个,其中的1个、2个、3个、4个、5个是属于并列的技术方案。这些数目,可以例如是取代基的数目,或者是碳原子的个数。必须说明的是,取代基的可能最大数目,也是一种整数。
如本文所用,“其组合”表示可用列表(并列技术方案)里的一或多个成员被组合(例如键结或稠合),以形成本领域普通技术人员能够从可用清单(并列技术方案)里设想的已知或化学稳定的布置。举例来说,烷基和苯基,可以组合(键结)成烷基苯基。第一烷基和第二烷基,也可以彼此组合(键结)。二个苯基可以组合(“键结”)成一个联苯基,或者可以“稠合”成萘。单环芳族基团和多环芳族基团可以组合(键结或连接)在一起,或者可以稠合成具有二个相邻环共有二个碳原子。S和O,可以组合成SO、或SO2。卤素和烷基,可以组合形成卤代烷基。卤素、烷基和芳基可以组合形成卤代芳烷基。在一些实施例中,术语“取代”,包括清单里二、三、或四个成员的组合。在某些实例中,术语“取代”,包括清单里二至三个成员的组合。在又一实例中,术语“取代”,包括清单里二个成员的组合。取代基的优选组合是含有多达五十个不是氢或氘的原子的组合,或包括多达四十个不是氢或氘的原子的组合,或包括多达三十个不是氢或氘的原子的组合。在许多情况下,取代基的优选组合将包括多达二十个不是氢或氘的原子。
应理解的是,以下有关取代基的各种术语说明,用意之一,在于表明同一组的多种取代基彼此之间有相互替代性,和/或有共同的作用。也就是说,在本发明所属领域中,该等取代基可以是属于同一类别。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”或“芳族基团”是彼此可替换的,且包括单环芳族基团、多环芳族基团、稠环烃单元、多环芳香烃、和/或其组合。多环芳族基团可具有二个、三个、四个、五个、或更多个环,其中有两个碳为两个邻接环(意指所述两个邻接环是“稠合的”)共享的两个。多环芳族基团若具有二个环,可称为二环芳族基团;若具有三个环,可称为三环芳族基团,以此类推。在多环芳族基团,多环的至少一个是芳香族基,其他环可以例如是环烷基、环烯基、芳基、杂环和/或杂芳基。合适的芳基(芳族基团),包括:苯基、联苯、三联苯、间三联苯、对三联苯、邻三联苯、芴(茀)、苯并芴、萘、苯并[c]芴、蒽、三亚苯、芘、菲、非那烯、9,9'-螺二芴、苝、1,2,3,4-二苯并蒽、荧蒽、苯并蒽、苯并[c]菲、联伸三苯、联伸四苯、萉、茀、薁、丁搭烯、苊(萘己环)、苊烯、三环素、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[c]菲、荧蒽(苯骈苊)、并四苯、苯并芘、苯并[a]芘、苯并[e]芘、奥林匹克烯(6H-苯并[cd]芘)、苯并荧蒽、苯并[a]荧蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[j]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、二苯并蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽、二苯并[a,j]蒽、并五苯、苯并[j]荧蒽、苉、碗烯、联杯烯、苯并[ghi]苝、卵苯、锥苯、蒽嵌蒽、并六苯、并七苯、蒄、三角烯、二苯并[de,mn]并四苯(Zethrene)。所述合适的芳基里,优选的包括:苯基、联苯、三联苯、间三联苯、对三联苯、邻三联苯、芴(茀)、苯并芴、萘、苯并[c]芴、蒽、三亚苯、芘、菲、非那烯、9,9'-螺二芴、苝、1,2,3,4-二苯并蒽。若以碳原子的数目来看,芳基例如是含有六至三十个碳原子、优选六至二十个碳原子;更优选六至十二个碳原子的芳基;尤其优选的是具有六个碳、十个碳或十二个碳的芳基。
另外,上述“芳基”或“芳族基团”,可以任选地被取代,例如是被甲基、乙基、丁基、异丁基、辛氧基、联苯基、萘基、己基、或吡啶基取代。又例如,苯并芴具有两个H的碳原子上,可以进一步被两个甲基取代;称之为二甲基-苯并芴。合适的被取代芳基,包括:9,10-二苯基蒽、联苯基蒽、苯基蒽、苯基萘、9,9-二甲基芴、1-甲基萘、山榄烯。所述合适的被取代芳基中,优选的包括:9,10-二苯基蒽、联苯基蒽、苯基蒽、苯基萘、9,9-二甲基芴。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳基”或“杂芳族基团”是彼此可替换的,并且包括了含有1、2、3、4、5个或更多个杂原子的“单环杂芳族基团”、具有杂原子并有二个或更多个环的“多环杂芳族基团”、或其组合。杂原子包括但不限于O、S、Se、N、Si、P、和B。在许多情况下,O、S、N、或Si是优选的杂原子。“单环杂芳族基团”优选是具有5或6个环原子的单环,并且环可以具有一至六个杂原子。“多环杂芳族基团”可具有二个、三个、四个、五个、六个或更多个环,其中有两个碳为两个邻接环(意指所述两个邻接环是“稠合的”)共享的两个。多环杂芳族基团若具有二个环,可称为二环杂芳族基团;若具有三个环,可称为三环杂芳族基团,以此类推。在多环杂芳族基团,多个环的至少一个环是杂芳基,其他环可以例如是环烷基、环烯基、芳基、三亚苯基、杂环和/或杂芳基。若是以碳原子数目来看,优选的杂芳基是含有三至三十个碳原子、优选三至二十个碳原子、更优选三至十二个碳原子的杂芳基。合适的杂芳基(杂芳族基团),可包括:氮杂芳族基团、二苯并呋喃、咔唑、双咔唑、二苯并噻吩、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吡嗪、二苯并吡嗪、吖啶、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、菲罗啉、菲咯啉、二氢吩嗪、苯并萘并呋喃、苯并咪唑、三亚苯并苯并呋喃、芘并苯并呋喃、喹唑啉、喹喔啉、苯并喹唑啉、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、二嗪、1,3,5-三嗪、二苯并硒吩、呋喃、噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、苯并硒吩、吲哚并咔唑、吡啶基吲哚、吡咯并二吡唑、咪唑、异喹啉、喹诺酮、三唑、恶唑、噻唑、恶二唑、恶三唑、二恶唑、噻二唑、哒嗪、恶嗪、恶噻嗪、恶二嗪、吲哚、苯并咪唑、吲唑、吲恶嗪、苯并恶唑、苯并异恶唑、苯并噻唑、喹啉、异喹啉、噌啉、萘啶、酞嗪、喋啶、氧杂蒽(xanthene)、吩嗪、苯并呋喃并吡啶、呋喃并二吡啶、苯并噻吩并吡啶、噻吩并二吡啶、苯并硒吩并吡啶和硒吩并二吡啶。
合适的杂芳基中,优选的,可包括氮杂芳族基团、二苯并呋喃、咔唑、双咔唑、二苯并噻吩、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吡嗪、二苯并吡嗪、吖啶、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、菲罗啉、菲咯啉、二氢吩嗪、苯并萘并呋喃、苯并咪唑、三亚苯并苯并呋喃、芘并苯并呋喃、咪唑、喹诺酮、或异喹啉、喹唑啉、喹喔啉、苯并喹唑啉、二苯并硒吩、吲哚并咔唑、苯并咪唑、1,2-氮杂硼烷、1,3-氮杂硼烷、1,4-氮杂硼烷、硼氮炔、和其氮杂类似物。在所列杂芳族基团中,氮杂芳族基团的“氮杂”(aza)名称,指的是相应芳香环中的C-H基团中的一或多个,被氮原子置换。例如但不限于,氮杂三亚苯这样的术语,既包括二苯并[f,h]喹喔啉,也包括二苯并[f,h]喹啉。所属领域的一般技术人员,可以容易地预想,上述氮杂芳族基团或氮杂-衍生物的其他氮杂类似物,并且所有此类的类似物,都可以被所列清单(并列技术方案)里优选的术语或名称所包括。
另外,上述“杂芳基”或“杂芳族基团”可以任选地被取代。例如,咔唑可以进一步经两个异丁基取代,称之为二异丁基咔唑。合适的被取代杂芳基,可包括:二甲基二苯并呋喃、苯基咔唑、二异丁基咔唑、二甲基咔唑、苯基吡啶、二苯基三嗪、二苯基嘧啶、二苯基吡啶、萘基咔唑、三苯基三嗪、三苯基嘧啶、三苯基吡啶、二间三联苯基三嗪、二间三联苯基嘧啶、二间三联苯基吡啶、苯基联苯基嘧啶、甲基吖啶、二甲基吖啶、苯基二苯并吡嗪、苯基菲罗啉、2-甲基苯并咪唑、2-乙基苯并咪唑。
在上面列出的芳基和杂芳基中,苯基、联苯、三联苯、间三联苯、对三联苯、邻三联苯、芴、苯并芴、萘、苯并[c]芴、蒽、三亚苯、芘、菲、非那烯、9,9'-螺二芴、二苯并呋喃、咔唑、双咔唑、二苯并噻吩、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吡嗪、二苯并吡嗪、吖啶、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、菲罗啉、菲咯啉、二氢吩嗪、苯并萘并呋喃、苯并咪唑、三亚苯并苯并呋喃、芘并苯并呋喃、喹喔啉、喹唑啉、苯并喹唑啉、荧蒽、二甲基-苯并芴、菲、苯并[c]菲、苯并蒽、二苯并硒吩、吲哚并咔唑、咪唑、和苯并咪唑,等基团、其被取代物、和其各自对应的氮杂类似物,尤其受到关注。
如本文所用,术语“芳胺基”,至少包括:苯胺、联苯胺、对三联苯胺、萘胺、芴胺。若以碳原子的数目来看,芳胺基例如是含有六至三十个碳原子、优选六至二十个碳原子;更优选六至十二个碳原子的芳胺基;尤其优选的是具有六个碳、十个碳或十二个碳的芳胺基。另外,所述芳胺基,可以任选地被取代。合适的被取代芳胺基,至少包括:甲苯胺、二甲苯胺、丙苯胺、异丙苯胺、二异丙苯胺、二苯胺、三苯胺、二联苯胺、甲基联苯胺、苯基二苯并硫代苯胺、二萘胺、苯基萘胺、二甲基芴胺。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳胺基”,至少包括二苯并呋喃胺。若是以碳原子数目来看,优选的杂芳胺基是含有三至三十个碳原子、优选三至二十个碳原子、更优选三至十二个碳原子的杂芳胺基。另外,所述杂芳胺基,可以任选地被取代。合适的被取代芳胺基,至少包括苯基二苯并呋喃基胺。
如本文所用,术语“膦氧化物”,是指含有P=O键的化合物。膦氧化物,可以任选地被取代。合适的被取代膦氧化物,至少包括:苯基膦氧化物、二苯基膦氧化物。
如本文所用,术语“烷胺基”,至少包括:烷胺基、异丙基胺。另外,所述烷胺基,可以任选地被取代。合适的被取代烷胺基,至少包括二异丙基胺。
术语“硅烷基”是指-Si(Rs)3取代基、或Si(Rs)2取代基,其中每个Rs可以相同或不同。其中,Si(Rs)2,也可以是二价桥。所述每个Rs可以是氢或选自由以下组成的群组的取代基:氘、卤素、烷基、环烷基、杂烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氨基、硅烷基、烯基、环烯基、杂烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基和其组合。优选的Rs选自由以下组成的群组:芳基、苯基、烷基、甲基苯基、吡啶基、己基苯基、萘基和其组合。合适的硅烷基,可包括:甲硅烷、三甲基硅。
术语“烷基”是指并且包括直链和支链烷基。合适的烷基,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、正丁基、己基、辛烷、十二烷基、环烷基、乙基辛烷、1-甲基乙基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基等。其中,优选的至少包括:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、正丁基、己基、辛烷、十二烷基、环烷基、乙基辛烷。另外,烷基可以任选地被取代。就碳原子数目而言,优选的烷基是含有一到三十个碳原子的烷基,优选一到二十个碳原子的烷基,更佳一到十二个碳原子的烷基。
术语“芳烷基”或“芳基烷基”可互换地使用,并且是指被芳基取代的烷基。优选的芳烷基含有三十或更少个碳原子,更优选含有六到三十个碳原子。另外,芳烷基可以任选地被取代。
如本文所用,术语“烷氧基”是指烷基与氧原子连结后所生成的基团,最简单的是甲氧基(-OCH3)。烷氧基可以是含有一到三十个碳原子的烷氧基,优选一到二十个碳原子的烷氧基,更佳一到十二个碳原子的烷氧基。另外,烷氧基可以任选地被取代。
如本文所用,芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、芳族基团、杂芳族基团、膦氧化物、芳胺基、杂芳胺基、烷胺基、环烯基,各自独立为未取代,或者独立为被一个或多个以下的“一般取代基”取代。
在许多情况下,上述“一般取代基”选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、芳基、间三联苯、异丁基、联苯、异丙基、乙基、萘基、苯基、甲基、卤素、三氟甲基、氰基、卤化物、单环芳族基团、多环芳族基团、单环杂芳族基团、多环杂芳族基团、卤素、二苯并呋喃基、苯并萘并呋喃基、苯基咔唑基、二苯基三嗪基、二苯基嘧啶基、2-苯基-6-联苯基-1,3-二嗪基、9-萘基咔唑基、十二烷基、甲氧基、己氧基、异丙基苯基、辛氧基苯基、二苯并噻吩基、菲基、苯基吡啶基、2-甲基苯并咪唑基、2-乙基苯并咪唑基、三亚苯基、三亚苯并苯并呋喃基、芘并苯并呋喃基、氘、环烷基、杂烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氨基、环氨基、硅烷基、烯基、环烯基、杂烯基、炔基、杂芳基、酰基、羰基、羧酸、醚、酯、腈、异腈、硫基、亚磺酰基、磺酰基、膦基和其组合。
优选的“一般取代基”,选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、芳基、间三联苯、异丁基、联苯、异丙基、乙基、萘基、苯基、甲基、卤素、三氟甲基、氰基、卤化物、单环芳族基团、多环芳族基团、单环杂芳族基团、多环杂芳族基团、卤素、二苯并呋喃基、苯并萘并呋喃基、苯基咔唑基、二苯基三嗪基、二苯基嘧啶基、2-苯基-6-联苯基-1,3-二嗪基、9-萘基咔唑基、十二烷基、甲氧基、己氧基、异丙基苯基、辛氧基苯基、二苯并噻吩基、菲基、苯基吡啶基、2-甲基苯并咪唑基、2-乙基苯并咪唑基、三亚苯基、三亚苯并苯并呋喃基、芘并苯并呋喃基、氘、氟、环烷基、杂烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氨基、硅烷基、烯基、环烯基、杂烯基、杂芳基、腈、异腈、硫基和其组合。
更优选的“一般取代基”,选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、芳基、间三联苯、异丁基、联苯、异丙基、乙基、萘基、苯基、甲基、氟、三氟甲基、氰基、卤化物、二苯并呋喃基、苯并萘并呋喃基、苯基咔唑基、二苯基三嗪基、二苯基嘧啶基、2-苯基-6-联苯基-1,3-二嗪基、9-萘基咔唑基、十二烷基、甲氧基、己氧基、异丙基苯基、辛氧基苯基、二苯并噻吩基、菲基、苯基吡啶基、2-甲基苯并咪唑基、2-乙基苯并咪唑基、三亚苯基、三亚苯并苯并呋喃基、芘并苯并呋喃基、氘、环烷基、和其组合。
术语“杂环基”是指并且包括含有至少一个杂原子的芳香族和非芳香族环状基团。任选地,所述至少一个杂原子选自O、S、N、P、B、Si和Se,优选地O、S或N。芳香族杂环基可与杂芳基互换使用。优选的非芳香族杂环基是含有包括至少一个杂原子的3到7个环原子的杂环基,并且包括环胺,如吗啉基、呱啶基、吡咯烷基等,和环醚/硫醚,如四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、四氢噻吩等。另外,杂环基可以是任选被取代的。
如本文所用,半衰期定义为1000cd/m2的初始亮度降到一半的时间。另外,量测本领域熟知的CIE色坐标,可以得到发光器件的发光颜色。例如,量测CIE(y)值约为0.53~0.56时,表示器件的发光颜色约为绿色。
另一方面,在制作有机电致发光器件(有机EL器件)之后,本申请是透过使用PR650光谱扫描光谱仪量测EL光谱和CIE色坐标。此外,电流/电压、亮度/电压和效率/电压特性,都使用吉时利(Keithley)2400可程序设计电压电流源来检测。在室温(约25℃)和大气压下操作上述设备。
在本发明的实施例中,公开了一种有机化合物,以下式(A)表示:
其中G1和G2独立表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:芳族基团、杂芳族基团、芳胺基、杂芳胺基、膦氧化物、和其组合;其中基团A表示多环芳族基团;其中X表示二价桥选自由以下组成的群组:O、S、Se、NR3、SiR4R5、和其组合;其中R3表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、苯基、和其组合;其中R4和R5独立表示无取代基,或独立表示取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、苯基、吡啶、和其组合;其中R1表示无取代基、单个烷基、或多个烷基;其中m表示0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8的整数;其中R2表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:卤素、具有1至30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有7至30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳烷基、具有6至30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有3至30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基、和其组合;并且其中G1和G2独立任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,每个取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、芳基、苯基、和其组合。
本发明还公开一种有机电致发光器件。有机电致发光(EL)器件包括一对由阴极和阳极组成的对电极。有机EL器件可以在对电极之间包括发光层和一个或多个的有机薄膜层。发光层和/或一个或多个有机薄膜层,其中任一层,可以包含式(A)的有机化合物。发光层可以是包括发光主体材料和发光客体(掺杂剂)材料的发光层。发光层的主体材料可以掺杂有约15%的掺杂剂材料。所述发光层,在所述对电极之间,可以具有约30nm的厚度。发光层或有机薄膜层可以包含由式(A)表示的有机化合物。所述有机电致发光器件的驱动电压最多不超过约4.9V。包含由式(A)表示的有机化合物的有机薄膜层,可以是空穴阻挡层或电子传输层。
本发明的有机EL器件可以包含式(A)的有机化合物作为发光层的主体材料。所述有机EL器件,其所发光色可以是绿色(CIE(y)值约为0.53~0.56),可以具有大约但不限于3.3-4.2V的驱动电压,或具有大约但不限于4.7-6.2cd/A的电流效率,或具有大约但不限于260-470小时的半衰期。
本发明的有机EL器件,可以包含式(A)的有机化合物作为蓝光掺杂剂材料,以与例如主体材料H2配位以发射蓝光,从而将驱动电压降低至大约但不限制为3.4-3.6V,将电流效率提高到约但不限于5.4-6.0cd/A,或将半衰期时间提高到为大约但不限于380-450小时。
本发明的有机EL器件,可以包含式(A)的有机化合物作为主体材料,以与掺杂剂材料D1并置。所述器件所发光色可以是绿色(CIE(y)值约为0.53~0.56),所述器件驱动电压降低至大约但不限于3.5-3.7V,电流效率高到大约但不限于41-44cd/A,半衰期增加到大约但不限于740-770小时。
本发明的有机EL器件可以包含式(A)的有机化合物作为发光层的绿光掺杂剂材料,并可以具有大约但不限于3.3-4.2V的驱动电压,大约但不限于4.7-6.2cd/A的电流效率,或大约但不限于270-460小时的半衰期。
本发明的有机EL器件可包含式(A)的有机化合物作为电子传输材料(用于ETL),其所发光色可以是绿色(CIE(y)值约为0.53~0.56),从而将驱动电压降低至约但不限于3.5-4.8V,将电流效率提高至大约但不限于21-38cd/A,或将半衰期延长至大约但不限于410-620小时。
本发明的有机EL器件可以包含式(A)的有机化合物作为电子传输材料(用于电子传输层;ETL),以与空穴阻挡材料(例如,用于空穴阻挡层的HB1)搭配。所述器件所发光色可以是绿色(CIE(y)值约为0.53~0.56)。所述有机EL器件可以将驱动电压降低至大约不限于3.6-3.8V,将电流效率提高到大约但不限于34-37cd/A,或者将半衰期增加到大约但不限于550-600小时。
替代地,有机EL器件可以包含式(A)的有机化合物作为空穴阻挡材料(用于HBL)。有机EL器件所述所发光色可以是绿色(CIE(y)值约为0.53~0.56)。所述器件可以将驱动电压降低至大约但不限于4.0-4.3V,提高电流效率到大约但不限于21-35cd/A,将半衰期增加到大约但不限于400-550小时。
可替代地,的有机EL器件可以包含式(A)的有机化合物作为空穴阻挡材料(用于空穴阻挡层;HBL),以与电子传输材料(例如,用于电子传输层的ET1)搭配,,其所发光色可以是绿色(CIE(y)值约为0.53~0.56),从而将驱动电压降低至大约但不限于4.1-4.3V,将电流效率增加至大约但不限于31-33cd/A,或将半衰期延长至大约但不限于480-530小时。
在另一面向,本发明公开了可用于有机EL器件中的有机化合物。所述有机化合物可以由下式(A)表示:
其中X可以是选自O,S,SO,SO2,Se,NR3和SiR4R5的二价桥。符号m可以表示0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8的整数。其中如果X是NR3,则基团A表示具有三个环的多环芳族基团(例如取代或未取代的稠环烃单元)。上述稠环烃单元,可以例如是多环芳族烃(PAHs)单元。G1和G2可以独立地选自由以下组成的群组:氢、甲基、卤素(例如氟)、苯基膦氧化物基团、具有6至30个(例如10、12、14、16、18、20、24、26或30个的)环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有3至30个(例如12、15、16、17、18、21、22、23、24或30)环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基、具有6至30个(例如12、17、18、20、24、27或28)环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳胺基团、以及具有3至30(例如21或27)环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基胺基团。R1、R2、R3、R4、和R5独立可以独立地选自由以下组成的群组:氢原子、甲基、卤素(例如氟)、具有1至30个(例如8或10个)碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、或具有7至30个(例如8、12或24个)环碳原子的未取代的芳烷基、具有6至30个(例如6或12个)环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、以及具有3至30个(例如5或10个)环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基。所述杂芳基可包括例如具有两个、三个、四个、五个或六个环的杂芳族PAHs单元。所述杂芳族PAHs单元可以包含氧原子,硫原子,一个、两个或三个氮原子。所述被取代的杂芳基,可以具有两个环的杂芳族PAHs单元,且可以是被烷氧基、甲基或乙基取代。两个环的杂芳族PAHs单元可包含一个,两个或三个氮原子。
上述R1、R2、R3、R4、和R5可以独立表示苯基、萘基、二苯并呋喃基、苯并[b]萘并[2,3-d]呋喃基、异丙基-苯并[b]萘并[2,1-d]呋喃基、咔唑基、N-苯基咔唑基、三氟甲基、枯烯(异丙苯)基、苯基-苯基嘧啶基、联苯基-苯基嘧啶基、二苯基-三嗪基、或4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪基。
上述基团A可以表示具有两个或三个环的多环芳族烃(PAHs)单元。基团A可以包括例如萘基,蒽基或菲基。每个基团A可以被例如异丙基,异丁基或己基取代。
在又一面向,本发明公开了一种有机化合物,以下式(B)表示:
其中G1和G2独立表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:多环杂芳族基团、芳胺基、杂芳胺基、膦氧化物、和其组合;其中基团A表示多环芳族基团;其中X表示二价桥选自由以下组成的群组:NR3、O、S、Se、和其组合;其中R3表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、苯基、烷基苯基、和其组合;其中R1表示无取代基、单个烷基、或多个烷基;并且其中G1和G2独立任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,每个取代基选自由以下组成的群组:烷基、芳基、联苯基、苯基、烷基苯基、和其组合。
在又一面向,本发明公开了一种有机化合物,以下式(B)表示:
其中G1表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:联苯、甲基联苯、三联苯、二甲基芴萘、苯基萘、二甲基苯并[c]芴、联苯基蒽、蒽、苯基蒽、二苯基蒽、苯基芘、苯基菲、联苯基芘、二甲苯胺、甲苯胺、丙苯胺、二苯胺、二联苯胺、联苯胺、甲基联苯胺、二萘胺、丙基苯、二苯并呋喃胺、二苯并呋喃、对三联苯胺、丁基苯、二甲基芴胺、9,9'-螺二芴、联苯基胺、咔唑、苯基咔唑、双咔唑、二苯并噻吩、二苯基三嗪、二苯基嘧啶、二苯基吡啶、三苯基三嗪、三苯基嘧啶、二间三联苯基三嗪、二间三联苯基嘧啶、二间三联苯基吡啶、二甲基吖啶、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、苯基二苯并吡嗪、二苯并吡嗪、菲罗啉、苯基菲罗啉、二苯基膦氧化物、三嗪、吡啶、嘧啶、和其组合;其中基团A选自由以下组成的群组:萘、菲、非那烯、和其组合;
其中X表示二价桥选自由以下组成的群组:O、S、Se、SO、SO2、NR3、和SiR4R5;
其中G2表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:联苯、三联苯、二甲基芴、萘、苯基萘、苯、三嗪、二甲基苯并[c]芴、联苯基蒽、蒽、萘基蒽、二苯基蒽、苯基芘、二苯基芘、二苯基菲、二苯胺、二甲苯胺、甲苯胺、二苯基联苯基芘、二萘胺、苯基萘胺、联苯基胺、二联苯基胺、异丙苯胺、二异丙苯胺、二甲基芴胺、9,9'-螺二芴、对三联苯胺、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、苯基咔唑、咔唑、二苯基吡啶、二苯基嘧啶、二苯基三嗪、三苯基三嗪、三苯基吡啶、三苯基嘧啶、二间三联苯基三嗪、二间三联苯基嘧啶、二间三联苯基吡啶、吡啶、嘧啶、二苯并吡嗪、吩恶嗪、吩噻嗪、二甲基吖啶、菲罗啉、苯基菲罗啉、甲基联苯胺、二苯基膦氧化物、膦氧化物、和其组合;其中R1表示无取代基、单取代基、或多取代基;其中每个R1取代基选自由以下组成的群组:甲基、己基、和其组合;其中R3表示无取代基,或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:苯、己基苯、吡啶、乙基辛烷、甲基苯、和其组合;并且其中R2和R3独立表示无取代基,或独立表示取代基选自由以下组成的群组:苯、吡啶、丁基、己基苯、和其组合。
在一些实施例中,本发明的有机化合物,可以由以下式(1)至式(18)之一表示:
在一些实施例中,烷基,芳烷基,芳基或杂芳基,可被卤素,烷基,芳基或杂芳基取代。
在一些实施例中,G1和G2独立地表示取代或未取代的苯基,取代或未取代的联苯基,取代或未取代的芴基,取代或未取代的苯并芴基,取代或未取代的萘基,取代或未取代的蒽基,取代或未取代的菲基,取代或未取代的炔基,取代或未取代的丙烯基,取代或未取代的苯并咪唑基,取代或未取代的咔唑基,取代或未取代的双咔唑基,取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基,取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基,取代或未取代的二苯膦氧化物基,取代或未取代的三嗪基基,取代或未取代的二嗪基基,取代或未取代的吡啶基,取代或未取代的菲咯啉基团,取代或未取代的二氢吖啶基,取代或未取代的吩噻嗪基,取代或未取代的吩恶嗪基,取代或未取代的二氢吩嗪基,取代或未取代的二苯胺基,取代或未取代的三苯胺基,取代或未取代的苯基二苯并呋喃基胺基,或取代或未取代的苯基二苯并硫代苯胺基。
在一些实施例中,G1和G2独立地表示以下取代基之一:
在许多情况,有机电致发光器件,可以视为由受体构件和施体化合物,共同构成。有机电致发光器件的受体构件,其有机薄膜层的材料化合物构造、各薄膜层的厚度、和彼此的搭配顺序,具有丰富性和多样性的特点,使得这些受体构件的结构、活性、和功能均不相同。
另外,对于有机电致发光器件不同受体构件而言,所能应用的有机化合物(施体)具有很严格的选择性。即使是相同的有机化合物,在不同受体结构中的性能表现,也可能完全迥异。再次,应考虑的是,不同受体构件和施体有机化合物之间的作用机理,也有特异性和复杂性;如果只是单纯记载受体的有机薄膜层名称,或者只是简单文字提示,无法实际解决关键的技术问题,顶多只能提供后续开发的方向。为了实际解决关键的技术问题,本申请贡献至少以下四种有机电致发光器件的受体构件,足以使本领域有机化合物的研发,更具有针对性。
表1(第一受体构件材料与厚度示意表)
表2(第二受体构件材料与厚度示意表)
表3(第三受体构件材料与厚度示意表)
表4(第四受体构件材料与厚度示意表)
在许多情况,上述有机化合物的各个要素,可以分别举例如下表:
在许多情况,上表的化合物实施例,依编号顺序,可以是下列化合物:
在评价本申请的创造性时,应该要综合考虑,不能因为一些情况下的某方面效果不够理想就否定整个技术方案所带来的技术效果。在本领域,只要任一方面的效果,例如降低驱动电压,或发出不同颜色的光,或应用在不是发光层主体材料的掺杂剂材料或有机薄膜层,或改善任一方面的效果,应被视为有利的技术效果,有突出的实质性特征,可据以认定相应的技术方案具有创造性。
在一些实施例中,本发明的有机化合物,可以用作发光层的主体材料,能够例如降低器件的驱动电压,提高器件的电流效率,或延长器件的半衰期。在一些实施例中,本发明的有机化合物,可以用作发光层的荧光掺杂剂材料,能够例如降低器件的驱动电压,提高器件的电流效率,或延长器件的半衰期。
将通过以下示例性制备实施例阐明本发明的有机化合物的详细制备,但是本发明不限于此。制备实施例1至31显示了本发明有机化合物的制备。表5、表6、表7、表8显示了本发明有机EL器件的活性试验数据报告。需要指出的是,将条件一致(例如相同光色,或施用在相同受体)的试验数据,进行比较,才是有意义的。因为,器件发光颜色的不同、材料种类或比例的不同、受体构件的区别、各材料层厚度的差异、测试条件方面的区别等等,都可能导致活性数据产生变化。
制备实施例1
1-溴-2-碘-4-甲氧基苯的合成
将40g(171mmol)的1-碘-3-甲氧基苯,32g(179mmol)的N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(NBS),和600ml的二甲基甲酰胺(Dimethylformamide;DMF)的混合物脱气,并置于氮气下,然后在80℃加热持续12小时。反应完成后,将混合物冷却至室温。随后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到45g作为黄色油的1-溴-2-碘-4-碘-4-甲氧基苯(84.1%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)7.43(dd,1H),7.35(dd,1H),6.73(dd,1H),3.74(s,3H)。
2-溴-5-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯的合成
将40g(127.8mmol)的1-溴-2-碘-4-甲氧基苯,15.6g(127.8mmol)的苯基硼酸,2.95g(2.56mmol)的Pd(Ph3)4,155ml的2M的碳酸钠(Na2CO3),100ml乙醇(EtOH),和300ml甲苯(toluene)混合物,脱气并置于氮气下,然后加热回流12小时。反应完成后,将混合物冷却至室温。随后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到30g的2-溴-5-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯,为无色液体(89.2%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)7.55(d,1H),7.46-7.38(m,5H),6.89(d,1H),6.79(dd,1H),3.81(s,3H)。
(5-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)硼酸的合成
将化合物2-溴-5-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯(30g,114mmol),与600ml无水THF混合。在-60℃下向混合物中加入54.7ml(137mmol)N-丁基锂(n-butyllithium),并将混合物搅拌1小时。反应完成后,加入17.8g(171mmol)的硼酸三甲酯(trimethylborate),并将混合物搅拌过夜。加入228ml(228mmol)的1M盐酸(HCl),并将混合物搅拌1小时。用乙酸乙酯/水萃取混合物,并在减压下除去有机层。粗产物用己烷洗涤,得到19.5g的(5-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)硼酸,为白色固体(75%)。
9-(5-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)苯并[b]石脑油-[1,2-d]噻吩的合成
将20g(87.7mmol)(5-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)-硼酸,与30.2g(96.5mmol)9-溴苯并[b]萘并[将1,2-d]噻吩,2.03g(1.75mmol)的Pd(Ph3)4、87.7ml的2M碳酸钠(Na2CO3),200ml的乙醇(EtOH),和400ml的甲苯(toluene)的混合物,脱气并置于氮气下,然后加热回流12小时。反应完成后,将混合物冷却至室温。随后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到25.2g的9-(5-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)苯并[b]石脑油-[1,2-d]噻吩,为白色固体(69%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.47(d,1H),8.12-8.06(m,3H),8.01(d,1H),7.77-7.72(m,4H),7.51-7.45(m,5H),7.40-7.36(m,2H),7.02(d,1H),3.81(s,3H)。
11-甲氧基萘并[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩的合成
将化合物9-(5-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)苯并[b]石脑油-[1,2-d]噻吩(20g,48mmol),与700毫升二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)混合。向混合物中加入77.9g氯化铁(FeCl3)(480mmol),并将混合物搅拌1小时。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到7.6g的11-甲氧基萘[2,1-b]三苯基-[2,3-d]噻吩,为白色固体。(39%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.91-8.89(m,2H),8.81(d,1H),8.49(d,1H),8.14(m,2H),7.99(d,H),7.88-7.82(m,3H),7.62(s,1H),7.57-7.52(m,3H),7.36(d,1H),3.82(s,3H)。
萘并[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩-11-醇的合成
将化合物11-甲氧基萘[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]-噻吩(10g,27.4mmol)与400ml二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)混合。向混合物中加入7.24g三溴化硼(BBr3)(28.9mmol),并将混合物搅拌过夜。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到8.4g的萘并[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩-11-醇,为白色固体(87%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.89-8.87(m,2H),8.78(d,1H),8.45(d,1H),8.09(m,2H),7.94(d,H),7.89-7.84(m,3H),7.58(s,1H),7.55-7.49(m,3H),7.31(d,1H),5.41(s,1H)。
萘并[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩-11-基三氟甲磺酸酯的合成
将化合物萘[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩-11-醇(10g,25mmol)与450ml二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)混合。向混合物中加入2.98g吡啶(37.5mmol),并将混合物搅拌1小时。向混合物中加入12g的三氟甲基磺酸酐((CF3SO2)2O)(42.5mmol),并将混合物搅拌1小时。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到6.9g萘并[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩-11-基三氟甲磺酸酯,黄色固体(52%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.99-8.95(m,3H),8.47(d,1H),8.14-8.11(m,3H),7.97(d,H),7.91-7.84(m,3H),7.58(s,1H),7.55-7.50(m,3H)。
4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(萘[2,1-b]三苯基烯[2,3-d]-噻吩-11-基)-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷的合成
将5g(9.4mmol)的萘并[2,1-b]三苯基苯[2,3-d]-噻吩-11-基三氟甲磺酸盐,2.87g(11.3mmol)的双(频哪醇)二硼酸,0.43g(0.36mmol)的四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd[P(C6H5)3]4;Pd(Ph3)4)),1.84g(18.8mmol)的乙酸钾(KOAc),和60ml的1,4-二恶烷(1,4-dioxane)的混合物脱气并置于氮气下,然后加热至回流12小时。反应完成后,将混合物冷却至室温。随后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到3.26g的4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(萘[2,1-b]三苯基[2,3-d]噻吩-11-基)-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷,为白色固体(68%)。1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.94-8.88(m,3H),8.47(d,1H),8.15-8.12(m,3H),7.99(d,1H),7.88-7.82(m,4H),7。57-7.53(m,3H),1.27(s,12H)。
11-([[1,1':3',1″-三苯基]-3-基)萘并[2,1-b]-三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩的合成(化合物78)
将5g(9.8mmol)的4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(萘并[2,1-b]-三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩-11-基)-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷,3.33g(10.8mmol)的3-溴-1,1':3',1″-三联苯,0.23g(0.2mmol)的四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd[P(C6H5)3]4;Pd(Ph3)4)),9.8ml的2M碳酸钠(Na2CO3),30ml乙醇(EtOH),和60ml甲苯(toluene)的混合物,脱气并置于氮气下,然后加热回流12小时。反应完成后,将混合物冷却至室温。随后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到3.9g的11-([[1,1':3',1″-三苯基]-3-基)萘并[2,1-b]-三苯基烯[2,3-d]噻吩,黄色固体状(65%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.99-8.93(m,3H),8.46(d,1H),8.33(s,1H),8.29-8.23(m,4H),8.14-8.09(m,3H),7.97(d,H),7.85-7.81(m,2H),7.56-7.46(m,7H),7.47-7.42(m,3H)。
制备实施例2-13
使用相同的合成方法来获得一系列中间体,并且类似地合成了以下产物(化合物实施例)。
制备实施例14
5-溴-10-碘萘并[2,1-b]苯并呋喃的合成
将10g(33.7mmol)的5-溴萘并[2,1-b]苯并呋喃,60ml的乙酸(AcOH),6ml的水,6ml的浓硫酸(H2SO4),8.55g(33.7mmol)的碘(I2),7.67克(33.7mmol)高碘酸(HIO4),和60毫升氯仿的混合物,在充分搅拌下,加热过夜。冷却至室温后,将产物混合物倒入水中,并用二氯甲烷(3×100mL)萃取。合并的深紫色有机层用亚硫酸钠脱色,用水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4)干燥,过滤,并蒸发至干燥。通过柱色谱法纯化粗产物,得到6.8g的黄色固体形式的5-溴-10-碘萘并[2,1-b]苯并呋喃(47.8%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.57(d,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.13(d,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.54-7.58(m,3H),7.43(d,1H)。
10-([[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)-5-溴萘并[2,1-b]-苯并呋喃的合成
将10g(23.6mmol)的5-溴-10-碘萘并[2,1-b]-苯并呋喃与4.68g(23.6mmol)的[1,1'-联苯]-2-基硼酸,0.23g(0.2mmol)的四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(Ph3)4),23.6ml的2M碳酸钠(Na2CO3)、80ml的乙醇(EtOH),和160ml的甲苯(toluene)的混合物脱气并置于氮气中,然后加热至回流12小时。反应完成后,将混合物冷却至室温。随后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到6.9g的10-([[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)-5-溴萘并[2,1-b]苯并呋喃,为白色固体(64.9%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.59(d,1H),8.45(s,1H),8.11(d,1H),7.86-7.79(m,5H),7.74-7.72(s,2H),7.54-7.39(m,7H)。
5-溴萘并[2,1-b]三苯基苯并[2,3-d]呋喃的合成
将化合物10-([[1,1'-联苯]-2-基]-5-溴萘并[2,1-b]-苯并呋喃(8g,17.8mmol),与100ml二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)混合。向混合物中加入28.9氯化铁(FeCl3)(178mmol),并将混合物搅拌1小时。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到3.2g的5-溴萘并[2,1-b]三苯基苯并[2,3-d]呋喃,为白色固体(40.1%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.58(d,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.12(d,1H),7.84-7.79(m,3H),7.75-7.73(s,2H),7.52-7.39(m,7H)。
5-([[1,1':3',1″-三联苯基]-3-基)萘并[2,1-b]-三苯基烯[2,3-d]呋喃的合成(化合物2)
将5克(11.2mmol)5-溴萘并[2,1-b]三苯烯-[2,3-d]呋喃,3.37克(12.3mmol)[1,1':3',1″-三联苯基]-3-基硼酸,0.26g(0.22mmol)的四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(Ph3)4),11.2ml的2M碳酸钠(Na2CO3),30ml的乙醇(EtOH),和60ml的甲苯(toulene)的混合物脱气并置于氮气下,然后加热回流12小时。反应完成后,将混合物冷却至室温。随后,减压除去溶剂,并将粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到3.5g的5-([[1,1':3',1″-三联苯基]-3-基)萘并[2,1-b]-三苯基烯[2,3-d]呋喃,为白色固体(52.5%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):化学位移(ppm)8.94-8.89(m,3H),8.57(d,2H),8.14-8.10(m,3H),7.89-7.84(m,4H),7.72(s,2H),7.65(s,H),7.59-7.54(m,4H),7.50-7.44(m,8H),7.39(m,1H)。
制备实施例15-31
使用相类似的合成方法,可以获得以下系列的中间体,并且类似地合成以下产物:
有机电致发光器件生产方法的相关说明
提供阻值为9~12奥姆/平方(ohm/square)和厚度为120~160nm的铟锡氧化物涂层玻璃(以下称为ITO基板),并在超音波浴(例如洗涤剂、去离子水)中进行多步骤清洗。在气相沉积有机薄膜层或发光层之前,通过紫外光(UV)和臭氧进一步处理清洗过的ITO基板。ITO基板的所有前处理制程皆在洁净室(100级)内进行。
在高真空(10-7Torr)设备下,利用电阻加热的石英舟以气相沉积将这些有机薄膜层和发光层依序涂布到ITO基板(透明电极,阳极)上。借助于石英监测器精确地监测或设置各层的厚度和气相沉积速率此外,还可以使各层包含两种或更多化合物材料(例如发光层包含主体材料与掺杂剂材料;又例如发光层包含两种主体材料)。通过来自两个或更多个来源的共气相沉积,可以成功实现多材料沉积,这意味着本发明的主体材料和/或掺杂剂材料是热稳定的。
在此有机EL器件中,使用双吡嗪并[2,3-f:2,3-]喹喔啉-2,3,6,7,10,11-己腈(Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2,3-]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitril;HAT-CN),作为空穴注入层材料。N,N-Bis(萘-1-基)-N,N-双(苯基)-联苯胺(N,N-Bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N-bis(phenyl)-benzidine;NPB),可以广泛用作空穴传输层材料。12-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-10,10-二甲基-10,12-二氢菲咯啉[9',10':5,6]茚并[2,1-b]咔唑(12-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-10,10-dimethyl-10,12-dihydrophenanthro[9',10':5,6]indeno[2,1-b]carbazole;H1)、或14,14-二甲基-11-(10-(3-(萘-1-基)苯基)蒽-9-基)-14H-茚并[1,2-b]三亚苯(14,14-dimethyl-11-(10-(3-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)anthracen-9-yl)-14H-indeno[1,2-b]triphenylene;H2),可以用作器件比较例的发光层主体材料。双(2-苯基吡啶并)(2,4-二苯基吡啶并)铱(III)(bis(2-phenylpyridinato)(2,4-diphenylpyridinato)iridium(III);D1)、或N1,N1,N6,N6-四-间甲苯基-1,6-二胺(N1,N1,N6,N6-tetra-m-tolylpyrene-1,6-diamine;D2),可以用作发光层的掺杂剂材料(客体材料)。HB1(参见以下化学结构图)用作空穴阻挡层材料(HBM),而2-(萘-1-基)-9-(4-(1-(4-(10-(萘-2-基)蒽-9-基)-苯基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)1,10-菲咯啉(2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-9-(4-(1-(4-(10-(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)-phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline;ET1),与8-羟基喹啉-锂(8-hydroxyquinolato-lithium;LiQ),用作电子传输层材料。
本发明中用于生产有机EL器件比较例和器件实施例的部分有机化合物的化学结构如下:
有机EL器件通常包含作为阴极的低功函数金属,例如Al、Mg、Ca、Li和K,且该低功函数金属可有助于电子从阴极注入电子传输层。另外,在阴极与电子传输层之间引入薄膜电子注入层,用于降低电子注入阻障并提高有机EL器件活性。空穴注入层材料为具有低功函数的金属卤化物或金属氧化物,例如:LiF、LiQ、MgO或Li2O。
在图1所示的有机EL器件中,制作方法依序是:将空穴注入层(HIL)20沉积在透明电极10(阳极;ITO基板)上。将空穴传输层(HTL)30沉积在空穴注入层20上。例如,将发光层(EML;掺杂有15%D1的主体材料)40,沉积到空穴传输层30上。将空穴阻挡层(HBL)50沉积到发光层40上。将电子传输层(ETL)60沉积到空穴阻挡层上。在电子传输层60上,沉积电子注入层(EIL)70。在电子注入层70上,形成金属电极80(阴极)。发光层40的厚度约为30纳米。
以下通过器件实施例1-9,详细说明本发明的有机化合物如何施用在第一受体构件(表1)。使用与上述方法类似的过程,制作具有以下器件结构(如图1所示)的发绿光有机EL器件:ITO基板/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(110nm)/85%主体材料H1+15%掺杂剂材料D1(共同构成发光层30nm)/HB1(10nm)/本发明化合物实施例+掺杂50%LiQ(共35nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm)。器件实施例结构各层,对应图1所示的器件各层标号为10/20/30/40/50/60/70/80。
如上所述地完成有机EL器件后,用驱动电路将透明电极10和金属电极80连接起来,测量器件的驱动电压、发光颜色、电流效率、以及半衰期。这些器件实施例和绿光器件比较例的I-V-B和驱动电压等活性试验,总结在下表5中。值得注意的是,这些器件实施例都是“绿光”器件,所以必须也要以用绿光器件作为比较例,并且比较例的器件结构与各层厚度必须相同,进行活性比较,才有意义。
表5(“第一受体构件”的活性试验)
以下通过器件实施例10-15,详细说明本发明的有机化合物如何施用在第二受体构件(表2)。使用与上述图1所示方法类似的过程,制作具有下列器件结构的发绿光有机EL器件:ITO基板/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(110nm)/85%主体材料H1+15%掺杂剂材料D1(共同构成发光层30nm)/本发明化合物实施例(10nm)/ET1+掺杂50%LiQ(共35nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm)。器件实施例结构各层,对应图1所示的器件各层标号为10/20/30/140/50/60/70/80。
如上所述地完成有机EL器件后,用驱动电路将透明电极10和金属电极80连接起来,测量器件的驱动电压、发光颜色、电流效率、以及半衰期。这些器件实施例和绿光器件比较例的I-V-B和驱动电压等活性试验,总结在以下表6中。值得注意的是,这些器件实施例也都是绿光器件,所以必须也要以用绿光器件作为比较例,并且比较例的器件结构与各层厚度必须相同,进行活性比较,才有意义。
表6(“第二受体构件”的活性试验)
以下通过器件实施例16-27,详细说明本发明的有机化合物如何施用在第三受体构件(表3)。使用与上述图1所示方法类似的过程,制作具有下列器件结构(如图1所示)的发绿光有机EL器件:ITO基板/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(110nm)/85%主体材料(本发明的化合物实施例)+15%掺杂剂材料D1(共同构成发光层30nm)/HB1/ET1+掺杂50%LiQ(共35nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm)。器件实施例结构各层,对应图1所示的器件各层标号为10/20/30/40/50/60/70/80。
如上所述地完成有机EL器件后,用驱动电路将透明电极10和金属电极80连接起来,测量器件的驱动电压、发光颜色、电流效率、以及半衰期。这些器件实施例和绿光器件比较例的I-V-B和驱动电压等活性试验,总结在以下表7中。值得注意的是,这些器件实施例也都是绿光器件,所以必须也要以用绿光器件作为比较例,并且比较例的器件结构与各层厚度必须相同,进行活性比较,才有意义。
表7(“第三受体构件”的活性试验)
以下通过器件实施例28-36,详细说明本发明的有机化合物如何施用在第三受体构件(表4)。使用与上述图1所示方法类似的过程,制作具有下列器件结构(如图1所示),发蓝光的有机EL器件:ITO基板/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(110nm)/85%主体材料H2+15%掺杂剂材料(本发明的化合物实施例),(共同构成发光层30nm)/HB1/ET1+掺杂50%LiQ(共35nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm)。器件实施例结构各层,对应图1所示的器件各层标号为10/20/30/40/50/60/70/80。
如上所述地完成有机EL器件后,用驱动电路将透明电极10和金属电极80连接起来,测量器件的驱动电压、发光颜色、电流效率、以及半衰期。这些器件实施例和“蓝光”器件比较例的I-V-B和驱动电压等活性试验,总结在以下表8中。值得注意的是,这些器件实施例是蓝光器件,所以必须要使用蓝光器件(掺杂剂材料为D2),作为比较例,并且比较例的器件结构与各层厚度必须相同,进行活性比较,才有意义。
表8(“第四受体构件”的“蓝光”活性试验)
在上述有机EL器件的活性测试报告中(参见表5-8),本发明的有机化合物用作发光主体材料、荧光掺杂剂材料、电子传输层材料、或空穴阻挡层材料,与现有技术的有机EL材料相比,本发明的器件显示出更好的性能。更具体地,将本发明的有机化合物用作发光层主体材料、电子传输层材料或空穴阻挡层材料,以与诸如D1的发光层掺杂剂材料搭配,或者将本发明的有机化合物用作荧光发光层掺杂剂材料,以与诸如H2的主体材料搭配,可以降低驱动电压,提高电流效率,或延长器件半衰期。其中,驱动电压可以低于大约3.4-4.9V,电流效率可以提高至大约4.7-44cd/A,半衰期可以延长至大约270-770小时。
虽然已通过各种实施例公开了本发明,但应理解,本发明不限于所公开的实施例。相反,本领域技术人员应明白,其意在涵盖各种变型和类似的安排。因此,所附权利要求的范围,应与最宽的解释相一致,以涵盖所有这样的变型和类似的安排。
Claims (7)
1.一种有机化合物,以下式(B)表示:
其中G1表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:二甲苯胺、菲罗啉、苯基菲罗啉、二苯基膦氧化物、甲苯胺、二苯并呋喃、9,9′-螺二芴、咔唑、二苯并噻吩、和其组合;
其中x表示二价桥选自O或S;
其中基团A表示萘;
其中G2表示无取代基或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:二苯基嘧啶、菲罗啉、苯基菲罗啉、联苯基胺、9,9′-螺二芴、苯基咔唑、咔唑、二苯并噻吩、二苯基三嗪、吡啶、甲基联苯胺、和其组合;
其中R1表示无取代基或二取代基;
其中每个R1取代基选自由以下组成的群组:甲基和己基;
其中R3表示无取代基,或取代基选自由以下组成的群组:苯、己基苯、吡啶、乙基辛烷、和甲基苯;
其中R4和R5表示取代基选自由以下组成的群组:苯、吡啶、正丁基、和己基苯;并且
所述有机化合物不为:
3.一种有机电致发光器件,包括金属电极、透明电极、发光层、和一个或多个有机薄膜层,所述发光层和所述有机薄膜层设置于所述金属电极和透明电极之间,其中所述发光层及所述有机薄膜层中的至少一层包含根据权利要求1-2所述的有机化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的有机电致发光器件,其中所述有机电致发光器件的驱动电压最多不超过约4.9V。
5.根据权利要求3所述的有机电致发光器件,其中所述有机薄膜层是空穴阻挡层或电子传输层,且其中包含权利要求1-2所述的有机化合物的所述有机薄膜层是所述空穴阻挡层或所述电子传输层。
6.根据权利要求3所述的有机电致发光器件其中所述发光层包含掺杂剂材料和主体材料,且其中有机化合物在所述发光层是用作所述掺杂剂材料或所述主体材料。
7.根据权利要求3所述的有机电致发光器件,其中所述器件是前面发光的面板、背面发光的面板、或两面发光的面板。
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