CN111452779A - 用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法及混合动力电动车辆 - Google Patents
用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法及混合动力电动车辆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法及混合动力电动车辆。该车辆包括内燃机和电动机,均由电控器运行,电信系统通信地耦接于电控器。该方法包括基于由电信系统提供给电控器的通信数据来确定电信系统是否发起或正进行电信会话。基于由电控器获得的驾驶数据来确定车辆的当前驾驶状况,以确定混合动力电动车辆的电动驾驶模式针对当前驾驶状况是否可行。在电动驾驶模式可行时,混合动力电动车辆在电信会话期间以电动驾驶模式运行。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于在2019年1月18日提交的德国专利申请号102019200653.1并且要求其优先权权益,该申请的公开内容通过参照的方式整体纳入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法以及混合动力电动车辆,且更具体地说涉及一种用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法,该方法通过以电动驾驶模式运行车辆而减小电信会话期间的车辆车厢内的噪声。
背景技术
诸如插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)或增程式电动车辆(EREV)的当前混合动力电动车辆(HEV)越来越多地设有创新装置,用以改善舒适性并且减小噪声、振动及声振粗糙度(NVH),其中噪声、振动以及声振粗糙度是车辆的乘员的任何主观或客观的声音干扰。乘员所经历的高水平的内部NVH可能降低乘客满意度并且可能提供用于进行电话呼叫或其他电信会话的环境。通常,应减少对乘员施加的分心。因此,应使得车辆内部的噪声尽可能小,尤其是在电话呼叫等期间。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法,该方法通过以电动驾驶模式运行车辆而减小电信会话期间的车辆车厢内的噪声。
根据本发明的一方面,提供一种用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法,该混合动力电动车辆具有由电控器运行的内燃机和电动机,并且具有电信系统,该电信系统通信地耦接于电控器。该方法可包括基于由电信系统提供给电控器的通信数据来确定电信系统是否发起和/或正进行电信会话;基于由电控器(电控单元)提供的驾驶数据来确定混合动力电动车辆的当前驾驶状况;由电控器确定混合动力电动车辆的电动驾驶模式针对当前驾驶状况是否可行;以及当电动驾驶模式可行时,由电控器在电信会话期间以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种混合动力电动车辆可包括内燃机;电动机;电控器,该电控器被配置为运行内燃机和电动机;以及电信系统,该电信系统通信地耦接于电控器。具体地说,该电信系统可被配置为将通信数据提供给电控器,该通信数据包括关于电信系统是否发起和/或正进行电信会话的信息。该电控器可被配置为提供驾驶数据,并且基于该驾驶数据确定混合动力电动车辆的当前驾驶状况。电控器可进一步被配置为确定混合动力电动车辆的电动驾驶模式针对当前驾驶状况是否可行。电控器则可被配置为当电动驾驶模式可行时,在电信会话期间以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆。
因此,本发明可通过基于由车辆的当前驾驶状况施加的约束而在可行时在电信会话的持续期间以电动驾驶模式运行车辆来减小在电话呼叫或其它电信通信期间的混合动力电动车辆的车厢内的噪声。当前驾驶状况可能受到例如驾驶员和/或辅助/自主驾驶系统的请求(例如,针对加速、减速等的请求)所影响和/或由其限定。诸如发动机控制模块的电控器则可被配置为基于驾驶数据确定这些当前驾驶状况。该车辆可维持电动驾驶模式,直到开始驾驶状况的显著变化,例如当驾驶员的加速需求高于电动机能够输送的动力(例如,换低档)时。以电动驾驶模式驾驶减小在通信会话期间的噪声并且会便于通话,这进而导致改善舒适性和安全性。
在一个特定示例中,内燃机可停用,且车辆可基于电传动系运行。在另一示例中,在电传动系打开(或者例如使用再生)的同时,内燃机可不完全地关闭,而是仅仅以低噪声产生模式(且潜在地以低动力需求模式)运行。此外,针对低噪声产生模式,可提供增大的转矩,例如电动机对于内燃机的再生(recuperation)以及在内燃机处的增大转矩,即运行范围的偏移。结果,驾驶员和其它乘员在电话呼叫期间可能较不会分心。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,电动驾驶模式可包括内燃机的关闭。内燃机可维持停用,直到当前驾驶状况需要重新启用内燃机为止,具体地说,当电动机不再能够提供所需的动力时。内燃机可因此打开,且车辆可返回至正常驾驶。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,电信会话可通过集成在电信系统和/或耦接于电信系统的电话机来进行。例如,车辆的电信系统可包括车辆电话机等等。替代地或附加地,移动电话机或其它通信装置可例如经由免提装置、坞站等等耦接于电信系统。本发明含义内的免提装置可包括能够在不使用手的情形下(例如,经由语音命令)使用的任何设备,或者在广泛的意义上包括仅仅需要有限地使用手的设备。在一个特定示例中,免提装置可例如经由蓝牙或类似的无线技术在移动电话机和车辆的电信系统之间提供无线链路。
因此,此种装置包括蓝牙耳机、免提车辆配件、个人导航装置等等。电信系统可包括扬声器和嵌入式麦克风,该扬声器被配置为发送在电话呼叫中的呼叫者的语音,而该嵌入式麦克风例如在立体声单元中、在方向盘或者在车辆内的任何其它合适部位处,例如是智能电话麦克风。根据本发明的示例性实施例,在经由电信系统进行电话呼叫时,内燃机可停用。然而,内燃机也可在任何时候重新启用,例如当踩加速器踏板时。
附加地,确定电动驾驶模式的可行性可包括确定当前驾驶状况的动力需求。当电动机的可用动力足够高以满足相应的需求时,内燃机可关闭。否则,车辆可维持在转矩通过两个机器提供的半电动模式中,或者电动机关闭的纯燃烧模式中。根据本发明的示例性实施例中,电动驾驶模式可基于所确定的动力需求来最小化声噪声和/或声振动。因此,取决于特定请求或驾驶状况,可以组合地和/或单独地消除和/或调低各种不同的声噪声源,以针对相应情形实现最佳声音降低。
根据本发明的示例性实施例,以电动驾驶模式(electric driving mode,电动驱动模式)运行混合动力电动车辆可进一步包括自动地关闭混合动力电动车辆的车窗。以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆可进一步包括自动地关闭混合动力电动车辆的排气阀。附加地,以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆可包括自动地禁用混合动力电动车辆的声音发生器。以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆可进一步包括自动地切换至更高的传动比(longer gear ratio)。具体地说,切换至更高的传动比意味着较低的旋转速度(即内燃机的每分钟转数),因此更加安静地运行。声音发生器可以包括诸如声学车辆警报系统之类的人造声音发生器,可能需要该人造声音发生器来向行人(特别是视觉上或听觉上受损的行人)信号通知车辆的存在,但是可以暂时地调低音量。
将参照所附的附图中示出的示例性实施例更详细地描述本发明。
附图说明
包括附图,以提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且这些附图包含在本说明书中且构成本说明书的一部分。附图说明本发明的示例性实施例,并且与描述一起用于解释本发明的原理。本发明的其他示例性实施例以及本发明的许多期望优点将易于理解,因为它们通过参照以下详细描述而变得更易于理解。附图的各元件并非必须相对于彼此成比例。在附图中,类似的附图标记指代相似或功能上相似的部件,除非另有指示。
图1示意地示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力电动车辆。
图2示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于运行图1的混合动力电动车辆的方法的流程图;以及
图3示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的图2的方法的另一流程图。
虽然这里说明并描述了特定的示例性实施例,但本领域技术人员会意识到的是,各种替代和/或等同实施方式可替代所示出和描述的特定示例性实施例,而不会偏离本发明的范围。通常,本申请旨在覆盖这里讨论的特定示例性实施例的任何改适或变型。
具体实施方式
应理解的是,这里使用的术语“车辆”或“交通工具”或其他类似术语包括广义上的机动车辆,例如包括运动型多功能车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆的客车,包括各种船只和船舶的水运工具、飞机等,且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆、氢动力车辆和其他替代燃料车辆(例如,源自石油以外的资源的燃料)。如这里指代的是,混合动力车辆是具有两个或更多个动力源的车辆,例如同时是汽油驱动和电力驱动的车辆。
虽然示例性实施例描述为使用多个单元来执行示例性处理,但应理解的是,还可由一个或多个模块来执行示例性处理。附加地,应理解的是,术语控制器/控制单元指代包括存储器和处理器的硬件装置。该存储器被配置为对模块进行存储,且处理器确切地被配置为执行所述模块,以执行下文进一步描述的一个或多个处理。
此外,本发明的控制逻辑可在计算机可读介质上实施为非瞬态计算机可读介质,其包含由处理器、控制器/控制单元等等执行的可执行程序指令。计算机可读介质的示例包括但不限于ROM、RAM、紧凑盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪存驱动器、智能卡和光学数据存储装置。计算机可读记录介质还可分布在网络耦接计算机系统中,以使得计算机可读介质例如通过远程信息处理服务器或控制器区域网(CAN)而以分布方式存储和执行。
这里使用的术语仅仅是用于描述特定实施例的目的,且并不旨在限制本发明。如这里使用的是,单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在同样包括多个的形式,但上下文另有清楚地指示的除外。进一步应理解的是,术语“包括”和/或“包含”当用在本说明书中时指代所述及的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,而并不排除一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组合的存在或附加。如这里使用的是,术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关联列举项目的任何和所有组合。
除非另有确切地陈述或从上下文显而易见,否则如这里使用的是,术语“约”理解为在本领域的正常公差范围内,例如在均值的2个标准偏差内。“约”可理解为在所述数值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%内。除非从上下文另外显而易见,否则这里提供的所有数值均由术语“约”修饰。
图1示意地说明根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力电动车辆10。具体地说,混合动力电动车辆10可包括内燃机(内燃发动机)1和电动机(electric engine,电动发动机)2。两者均可由电控器3(例如,控制器)运行,该电控器在该特定示例中是耦接在两个发动机1、2之间的单个装置。然而,对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,此种布置和构造纯粹是示例性的。因此,在其他示例性实施例中,电控器3可包括彼此耦接的若干装置或控制器,例如被配置为运行内燃机1的控制器和被配置为运行电动机2的另一控制器。此外,应理解的是,车辆10在其他示例性实施例中可包括多于两个的发动机1、2。
车辆10可进一步包括电信系统4,该电信系统通信地耦接于电控器3。电信系统4可包括电话机5,该电话机可例如作为集成车辆电话机而集成在电信系统4中,或者经由免提装置、坞站或类似装置耦接于电信系统4。车辆10的驾驶员和/或乘员可由此使用电话机5和/或经由电信系统4的免提装置(例如,经由耳机或类似装置)进行电话呼叫。在执行电话呼叫的同时,应避免驾驶员的任何分心。因此,应最大程度地减小在车辆10内潜在地产生的任何声噪声。噪声源可例如包括风、道路噪声、来自内燃机1、来自排气阀、来自声音发生器等等的噪声。换言之,该噪声可由任何车辆部件引起。
如下文将描述的是,图1中的车辆10被配置为在车辆10内部进行电信会话期间通常使得噪声振动声振粗糙度(NVH)水平最小。具体的说,电信系统4可被配置为将通信数据提供给电控器3。通信数据可包括关于电信系统4是否发起和/或正进行电信会话的信息。电控器3和电信系统4可进一步耦接于车辆10的辅助和/或自主驾驶单元(未示出)。
电控器3可被配置为获得驾驶数据,并且基于该驾驶数据确定混合动力电动车辆10的当前驾驶状况。该驾驶数据可包括关于当前驾驶状况的信息,例如车辆10以手动还是辅助/自主驾驶模式驾驶,车辆10以电动和/或内燃模式驾驶等等。驾驶数据可进一步包括关于车辆10的当前参数的信息,例如当前加速度、速度、内燃机的旋转速度、传动比、燃料液位等等。电控器可被配置为从安装在车辆内的各个传感器获得该驾驶数据。
此外,电控器可被配置为分析驾驶数据,并且基于分析结果限定车辆10的当前驾驶状况。例如,车辆10能以超驰模式(overrun mode)运行,即车辆10在没有节气门的情形下行驶,且因此,内燃机1可至少暂时地不被需要且由此可关闭。在另一示例中,当前驾驶状况可表征为换低档(kick-down)阶段,其中,驾驶员通过接合加速器踏板来请求最大加速度。在该情形中,至少在某个时间段内将内燃机1关闭可能并非是最佳或可行的。
电控器3可进一步被配置为评估或确定混合动力电动车辆10的电动驾驶模式针对当前驾驶状况是否可行。因此,在超驰阶段的上述示例中,电动驾驶模式可包括内燃机1的关闭。然而,在换抵挡阶段的示例中,至少针对某个时间间隔,纯电动驾驶模式可能并不可行。
通常,电控器3可被配置为确定当前驾驶状况的动力需求,并且基于该结果来确定电动驾驶模式的可行性。动力需求可例如由驾驶员和/或由辅助/自主驾驶单元产生。可例如选择电动驾驶模式,以使得声噪声和/或声振动最小且由此使得NVH最小。因此,电控器3可被配置为执行其中将车辆10的各个控制参数和/或过程变量提供作为输入的优化算法。例如,针对每个噪声源,可定义表征相应噪声源对NVH的影响的一个或若干此类参数,例如阀设置、传动比、发动机控制参数等等。电控器3则可被配置为制定电动驾驶模式,其表征使得车辆10内部的NVH最小的参数数值的设置。
例如,以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆10可包括自动地停用内燃机1、自动地(部分地或完全地)关闭车辆10的一个或若干车窗6、自动地(部分地或完全地)关闭车辆10的一个或若干排气阀7、自动地调低或禁用车辆10的声音发生器8、自动地切换至更高的传动比(longer gear ratio)等等。电控器3可进一步被配置为在电动驾驶模式可行的同时在电信会话期间以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆10。在超驰阶段的示例中,在经由电信系统4进行电话呼叫期间,内燃机1可由此关闭。在换抵挡阶段的示例中,车辆10可在内燃机1打开的情形下保持在当前模式中。
然而,电控器3可被配置为例如以毫秒量级的短时间间隔或更短的时间间隔执行重复检查,以确定是否内燃机1可被关闭且电动驾驶模式会是可行的。在又一示例中,当电信会话开始时,内燃机1可能已关闭。在该情形中,电控器可被配置为尽可能长地维持关闭状态。通过关闭内燃机1,车辆10内部的NVH可能显著地减小且由此可改进舒适性和安全性。较低车厢噪声易于通信,且驾驶员和/或乘员可更佳地理解电话呼叫的内容且由此可较不会被此种噪声分心。
图2示出用于运行图1的混合动力电动车辆10的对应方法M的流程图。该方法M可包括在M1下基于由电信系统4提供给电控器3的通信数据来确定电信系统4是否发起和/或正进行电信会话。该方法可进一步包括在M2下基于由电控器3提供的驾驶数据确定混合动力电动车辆10的当前驾驶状况,以及在M3下由电控器3确定混合动力电动车辆10的电动驾驶模式针对当前驾驶状况是否可行。附加地,方法M可包括在M4下在电动驾驶模式可行时,在电信会话期间由电控器3以电动驾驶模式运行混合动力电动车辆10。
图3例示此种方法M,其中,如果有电话呼叫则控制混合动力系,以通过减小车厢噪声来提高车辆10中的安全性和舒适性。在M1下,电控器3可被配置为如果有电话呼叫则接收输入。可在M2下确定车辆10的当前驾驶状况。接下来,当进行或接收电话呼叫时,电控器3可被配置为在M3下确定电动驾驶模式是否可行。因此,电控器3可被配置为在M4下确定通过仅仅采用电传动系是否可执行当前的驾驶员和/或辅助/自主驾驶单元请求(例如,加速度、减速度、速度等等)(例如,输入请求)。当输入请求可行时,电控器3可被配置为在D1下关闭内燃机1,从而以电动驾驶模式驾驶。
此外,可由电控器3执行其他动作,包括自动地关闭混合动力电动车辆10的车窗6、自动地关闭混合动力电动车辆10的排气阀7、自动地禁用混合动力电动车辆10的声音发生器8、自动地切换至更高的传动比等等。然而,如果由于电动驾驶模式大致不可行或者驾驶员需求无法满足而使得内燃机1的停用是不可行的,则电控器3可被配置为在D2下在内燃机1打开的情形下维持当前模式。然而,电控器3可被配置为执行重复检查,以确定是否内燃机1可关闭。如果内燃机1已关闭,则电控器3可被配置为尽可能长地或者可行地维持关闭状态。
在前文详细描述中,各个特征在一个或多个示例中组合在一起,以简化本发明。应理解的是,上文描述旨在说明性的,而并非是限制性的。其旨在覆盖所有替代、修改以及等同物。本领域技术人员在阅读了上述说明书之后,许多其他示例会是显而易见的。
选择并描述示例性实施例,以解释本发明的原理及其特定应用,从而由此使得本领域技术人员能利用本发明和各个示例性实施例,且各个修改适用于所设想的特定使用。在阅读了上述说明书之后,许多其他示例对于本领域技术人员会是显而易见的。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 电动机
3 电控器
4 电信系统
5 电话机
6 车窗
7 排气阀
8 声音发生器
10 混合动力电动车辆
M 方法
M1-M4 方法步骤
D1-D2 方法步骤/判定。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于运行混合动力电动车辆的方法,所述混合动力电动车辆具有内燃机和电动机,所述内燃机和所述电动机由电控器操作,并且所述混合动力电动车辆具有电信系统,所述电信系统通信地耦接至所述电控器,所述方法包括以下步骤:
由所述电控器基于由所述电信系统提供给所述电控器的通信数据来确定所述电信系统是否发起或正进行电信会话;
由所述电控器基于由所述电控器获得的驾驶数据来确定所述混合动力电动车辆的当前驾驶状况;
由所述电控器确定所述混合动力电动车辆的电动驾驶模式针对所述当前驾驶状况是否可行;以及
在所述电动驾驶模式可行时,由所述电控器在所述电信会话期间以所述电动驾驶模式运行所述混合动力电动车辆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述电动驾驶模式包括所述内燃机的关闭。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,由集成在所述电信系统中或者耦接至所述电信系统的电话机进行所述电信会话。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,在经由所述电信系统进行电话呼叫时,停用所述内燃机。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,确定所述电动驾驶模式的可行性包括:
由所述电控器确定所述当前驾驶状况的动力需求。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述电动驾驶模式基于所确定的动力需求使声噪声和声振动中的至少一个最小化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,以所述电动驾驶模式运行所述混合动力电动车辆包括以下中的至少一项:
由所述电控器自动地关闭所述混合动力电动车辆的车窗;
由所述电控器自动地关闭所述混合动力电动车辆的排气阀;
由所述电控器自动地禁用所述混合动力电动车辆的声音发生器;以及
由所述电控器自动地切换至更高的传动比。
8.一种混合动力电动车辆,包括:
内燃机;
电动机;
电控器,被配置为操作所述内燃机和所述电动机;以及
电信系统,通信地耦接至所述电控器;
其中,所述电信系统被配置为将通信数据提供给所述电控器,所述通信数据包括关于所述电信系统是否发起或正进行电信会话的信息;
其中,所述电控器被配置为:
获得驾驶数据,并且基于所述驾驶数据确定所述混合动力电动车辆的当前驾驶状况;
确定所述混合动力电动车辆的电动驾驶模式针对所述当前驾驶状况是否可行;以及
在所述电动驾驶模式可行时,在所述电信会话期间以所述电动驾驶模式运行所述混合动力电动车辆。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力车辆,其中,所述电动驾驶模式包括所述内燃机的关闭。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力车辆,其中,由集成在所述电信系统中或者耦接至所述电信系统的电话机进行所述电信会话。
11.根据权利要求10所述的混合动力车辆,其中,在经由所述电信系统进行电话呼叫时,所述内燃机停用。
12.根据权利要求11所述的混合动力车辆,其中,在确定所述电动驾驶模式的可行性中,所述电控器进一步被配置为:
确定所述当前驾驶状况的动力需求。
13.根据权利要求12所述的混合动力车辆,其中,所述电动驾驶模式基于所确定的动力需求使声噪声和声振动中的至少一个最小化。
14.根据权利要求13所述的混合动力车辆,其中,在以所述电动驾驶模式运行所述混合动力电动车辆中,所述电控器进一步被配置为执行以下中的至少一项:
自动地关闭所述混合动力电动车辆的车窗;
自动地关闭所述混合动力电动车辆的排气阀;
自动地禁用所述混合动力电动车辆的声音发生器;以及
自动地切换至更高的传动比。
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