CN111449176A - 一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料 - Google Patents
一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有利于改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗生素高蛋白教槽料,按照重量由以下原料混合组成:1级大米、膨化玉米、高蛋白乳清粉、大豆油、膨化去皮豆粕、膨化大豆、超级蒸汽鱼粉、鸡血浆蛋白粉、乳清浓缩蛋白、石粉、磷酸氢钙、氯化钠、乳猪用维生素预混料、乳猪用微量元素预混料、氯化胆碱、精氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、包被氧化锌、抗菌肽、溶菌酶、酸化剂、丹宁酸、百草霜、丁酸甘油酯、包被丁酸钠、益生元、益生菌、酸性蛋白酶、甘露聚糖酶、植酸酶、防霉剂、抗氧化剂、面粉。本发明教槽料能够解决断奶仔猪免疫功能不全,抗病能力弱、分泌消化酶不足、消化道发育不完善,吸收能力差,易腹泻、生长慢等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有利于改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗生素高蛋白教槽料。
背景技术
断奶仔猪教槽料又称金乳宝,用于仔猪断奶前后补充营养物质,促进仔猪从吸食母乳过度到进食饲料,对断奶后的生长、减少断奶应激都有非常重要的作用。
断奶仔猪具有自身内源酶分泌不足、消化系统和免疫系统不完善等特点,加之断奶带来的环境和饲料的变化,稍有管理不慎,极易产生腹泻的情况。为了控制腹泻,针对细菌性腹泻,使用高剂量的抗生素和氧化锌,带来的后果是大量没有吸收的锌和铜排放到体外,污染环境;仔猪长期使用高剂量的抗生素,导致细菌的耐药性,使得抗生素的疗效甚微,同时抗生素在体内的残留。
针对上述情况,2017年12月15日中华人民共和国农业部2625号公告规定在仔猪断奶后前两周特定阶段,氧化锌的用量上限由2250mg/kg下降为1600mg/kg(以配合饲料中Zn元素计),已经给断奶仔猪猪防控腹泻工作带来很大的困扰,在2020年7月1日后,在猪饲料端将全面禁止添加抗生素,幼龄仔猪将面临更大挑战。
低锌的实施及即将到来的无抗,很多同行采取降低教槽料蛋白来降低高营养对肠道的压力,从而达到减少腹泻率,但低蛋白会影响到仔猪的生长性能,间接影响到后期的生长及效益,故此发明是一种有利于改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗生素高蛋白教槽料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种绿色安全的,含有大米、鸡血浆蛋白粉、乳清浓缩蛋白、抗菌肽、溶菌酶、酸化剂、丹宁酸、百草霜、丁酸甘油酯、益生元、益生菌、酶制剂等成分的断奶仔猪用无抗高蛋白教槽料配方,该饲料充分结合断奶仔猪的生理特点,能够解决断奶仔猪免疫功能不全,抗病能力弱、分泌消化酶不足、消化道发育不完善,吸收能力差,易腹泻、生长慢等问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
对目前普通乳猪教槽料中使用的普通豆粕和低蛋白乳清粉(蛋白含量3%),本发明的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料采用膨化去皮豆粕、高蛋白乳清粉(蛋白含量12%)等低抗原、易消化吸收的原料,减少断奶应激,提高蛋白含量,促进乳猪生长;还可促进乳猪胃肠道菌群和酶系统的发育,为后期的生长做准备。
本发明所述一种有利于改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,按照重量份计,包括以下原料:
1级大米250~350份;
膨化玉米180~300份;
高蛋白乳清粉80~200份;
大豆油15~30份;
膨化去皮豆粕50~100份;
膨化大豆50~120份;
超级蒸汽鱼粉40~80份;
鸡血浆蛋白粉40~70份;
乳清浓缩蛋白30~60份;
石粉3~10份;
磷酸氢钙5~12份;
氯化钠2~4份;
乳猪用维生素预混料0.4份;
乳猪用微量元素预混料2份;
氯化胆碱(50wt%)0.5~1.5份;
精氨酸(98.5wt%)0.3~1份;
赖氨酸(98.5wr%)1~4份;
蛋氨酸0.2~1份;
肠道调节剂 20~35份。
进一步地,乳猪用维生素预混料为多种维生素与载体的混合物,所述载体为面粉,且每1kg乳猪用维生素预混料中含3800万IU维生素A、750万IU维生素D3、5万IU维生素E、10g维生素K3、5g维生素B1、15g维生素B2、8g维生素B6、0.06g维生素B12、60g烟酰胺、32g泛酸钙、1g叶酸和1g生物素。
进一步地,乳猪用微量元素预混料是多种微量元素和载体的混合物,载体为沸石粉,且每1kg乳猪用微量元素预混料中含铜37g、铁70g、锰30g、锌50g、硒0.17g、碘0.22g和钴0.3g。
进一步地,所述肠道调节剂的功能组分主要为包被氧化锌、抗菌肽、溶菌酶、酸化剂、丹宁酸、百草霜、丁酸甘油酯、包被丁酸钠、益生元、益生菌;具体原料按重量份数计,包括:
包被氧化锌(50wt%)1~3份;
抗菌肽1~3份;
溶菌酶0.5~1.5份;
酸化剂5~15份;
丹宁酸0.5~1.5份;
百草霜2~6份;
丁酸甘油酯1~5份;
包被丁酸钠1~3份;
益生元1~4份;
益生菌0.5~1.5份;
酶制剂2~4.5份;
防霉剂(丙酸)0.5~1.5份;
抗氧化剂(30wt%)0.1~0.3份;
载体1~20份。
进一步地,所述酸化剂组分按重量份计由2份甲酸、4份乳酸、2份柠檬酸、2份富马酸组合而成。所述载体为面粉。所述抗氧化剂为乙氧基喹啉。
进一步地,所述酶制剂包括以下组分:按照重量份数计,
酸性蛋白酶(5万U/g)1~2份;
甘露聚糖酶(≥3万U/g)0.5~1.5份;
植酸酶(5000U/g)0.5~1份。
大米,选用1级大米,富含碳水化合物,经制粒熟化后容易消化,且能吸附肠粘膜上的有害物质,使之排出体外,起到止泻作用。
鸡血浆蛋白粉,富含免疫球蛋白,提高机体的抵抗力,还可改善日粮的适口性,大幅提高断奶仔猪的采食量。
乳清浓缩蛋白,含有大量蛋白质、多种必需氨基酸、乳糖、高比例免疫球蛋白、抑菌蛋白、生长因子、核苷酸等,具有良好的适口性和高消化率,同时还可提高断奶仔猪采食量和免疫力,改善仔猪健康。
抗菌肽,是生物体自身合成的一种具有生物抗菌活性的小分子蛋白质,是生物体内经诱导产生的一种重要免疫因子,多数具有强碱性、热稳定性以及杀菌、抗菌等特点,对生物的天然免疫起关键作用,抗菌活性高,抗菌谱广,种类多,可供选择的范围广,靶菌株不易产生抗性突变。
溶菌酶,可以阻止病毒繁殖,同带负电荷的病毒蛋白直接作用,与DNA、RNA、脱辅基蛋白形成复盐,使病毒失活;可以作为机体非特异性免疫因子,参与机体多种免疫反应,在机体正常防御功能和非特异性免疫中,具有保持机体生理平衡的重要作用。
酸化剂,可以起到调节动物胃肠道pH值,改善消化道微生物区系,抑制大肠杆菌等有害微生物繁殖,促进乳酸菌等有益微生物增殖的作用。本配方选用包被酸化剂,在胃中不分解,直接作用于肠道后端,杀死有害菌,用很少的量就可以高剂量的效果。
丹宁酸,是一种蛋白质沉淀剂,能与蛋白质结合生成鞣酸蛋白,形成一层薄膜,故有收敛和保护作用。鞣酸与胃黏膜蛋白结合成鞣酸蛋白,被覆于胃黏膜表面起保护作用,免受各种因素刺激,使局部达到消炎、止血、镇痛及制止分泌作用。形成的鞣酸蛋白到达小肠后再被分解,释放出鞣酸,呈现止泻作用。
百草霜,具有很强的吸附作用,可以吸附微生物、病毒和一定量的重金属,降低腹泻的发生。
丁酸甘油酯,在胃液中不分解,到达后肠后,在微生物的作用下分解为丁酸。丁酸是肠道上皮细胞主要能量源,可显著刺激肠上皮细胞增殖,增加小肠绒毛高度,保证肠粘膜细胞的正常迁移,进而促进养分吸收、增强免疫力。丁酸甘油酯还具有分子极性,可有效穿过一些主要病原菌的亲水性细胞膜,侵入细菌细胞内,进而杀死有害菌。
包被丁酸钠,提供肠上皮细胞能量,促进肠黏膜发育,修复黏膜上皮细胞,活化淋巴细胞,还能促进有益菌群增殖,减少仔猪断奶后腹泻,克服断奶应激,提高仔猪成活率。
益生元,可以在体内促进肠道有益菌的生长和繁殖,形成微生态竞争优势,优化肠道微生态平衡,进而提高免疫力,以保持机体健康。
益生菌,优化肠道微生态平衡,抑制有害菌,同时可合成消化酶,与机体合成的消化酶一起,参与肠道中营养物质的消化,刺激动物体分泌消化酶,降低小肠隐窝深度,增加绒毛高度,增加小肠表面积,促进肠道营养物质的吸收。还能自分泌免疫激活剂,刺激机体免疫系统,从而提高仔猪的免疫力。
酶制剂,不仅可以降解多糖、生物大分子物质还可以降解植酸、β-葡聚糖、果胶等抗营养因子,能提高饲料养分消化率,降低腹泻的发生,是一种高效、无毒、无副作用和环保性的绿色饲料添加剂。
本发明的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料采用高蛋白模式,产品含粗蛋白21%以上,相比同类产品蛋白不超过19%,本发明提高了产品粗蛋白含量。
本发明提出的教槽料可以直接使用。但需在断奶前15天开始进行诱食,断奶后饲喂10-14天效果最佳。
使用本发明的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,经各种猪场使用,与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下效果:
1.极大改善了断奶仔猪断奶后腹泻率;
2.提高了仔猪断奶后的采食量;
3.提高了仔猪断奶后的肠道发育;
4.提高了仔猪对营养物质的代谢吸收能力;
5.提高了仔猪生长性能。
本发明的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料解决了现有乳猪教槽料腹泻率高、蛋白低、乳猪采食量偏少、增重慢的问题,并且杜绝使用会带来猪病毒病的危险并有可能影响和改变猪生物遗传基因的风险的猪血浆蛋白、肠膜蛋白等与猪生物同源的蛋白原料,改善断奶仔猪腹泻,提高乳猪采食量和日增重。
具体实施方式
实施例1
低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其原料各组份以重量份数表示为:
1级大米310份;
膨化玉米240份;
高蛋白乳清粉100份;
大豆油20份;
膨化去皮豆粕50份;
膨化大豆60份;
超级蒸汽鱼粉50份;
鸡血浆蛋白粉60份;
乳清浓缩蛋白40份;
石粉7份;
磷酸氢钙10份;
氯化钠3份;
乳猪用维生素预混料0.4份;
乳猪用微量元素预混料2份;
氯化胆碱(50%)1份;
精氨酸0.6份;
赖氨酸(98.5%)3份;
蛋氨酸(98.5%)0.5份;
包被氧化锌(50%)2份;
抗菌肽2份;
溶菌酶1份;
酸化剂10份;
丹宁酸1份;
百草霜3份;
丁酸甘油酯3份;
包被丁酸钠2份;
益生元2份;
益生菌1份;
酸性蛋白酶(5万U/g)1份;
甘露聚糖酶(≥3万U/g)0.5份;
植酸酶(5000U/g)0.5份;
防霉剂(丙酸)0.5份;
抗氧化剂(30%)0.2份;
载体面粉12.8份;
乳猪用维生素预混料为多种维生素与载体的混合物,所述载体为面粉,且每1kg乳猪用维生素预混料中含3800万IU维生素A、750万IU维生素D3、5万IU维生素E、10g维生素K3、5g维生素B1、15g维生素B2、8g维生素B6、0.06g维生素B12、60g烟酰胺、32g泛酸钙、1g叶酸和1g生物素。
乳猪用微量元素预混料是多种微量元素和载体的混合物,载体为沸石粉,且每1kg乳猪用微量元素预混料中含铜37g、铁70g、锰30g、锌50g、硒0.17g、碘0.22g和钴0.3g。
实施例2
低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其原料各组份以重量份数表示为:
1级大米330份;
膨化玉米200份;
高蛋白乳清粉100份;
大豆油20份;
膨化去皮豆粕60份;
膨化大豆60份;
超级蒸汽鱼粉50份;
鸡血浆蛋白粉60份;
乳清浓缩蛋白50份;
石粉7份;
磷酸氢钙10份;
氯化钠3份;
乳猪用维生素预混料0.4份;
乳猪用微量元素预混料2份;
氯化胆碱(50%)1份;
精氨酸0.6份;
赖氨酸(98.5%)3份;
蛋氨酸(98.5%)0.5份;
包被氧化锌(50%)2份;
抗菌肽2.5份;
溶菌酶1.5份;
酸化剂10份;
丹宁酸1.5份;
百草霜4份;
丁酸甘油酯4份;
包被丁酸钠2.5份;
益生元2.5份;
益生菌1.5份;
酸性蛋白酶(5万U/g)1份;
甘露聚糖酶(≥3万U/g)0.5份;
植酸酶(5000U/g)0.5份;
防霉剂(丙酸)0.5份;
抗氧化剂(30%)0.2份;
载体面粉7.8份;
乳猪用维生素预混料为多种维生素与载体的混合物,所述载体为面粉,且每1kg乳猪用维生素预混料中含3800万IU维生素A、750万IU维生素D3、5万IU维生素E、10g维生素K3、5g维生素B1、15g维生素B2、8g维生素B6、0.06g维生素B12、60g烟酰胺、32g泛酸钙、1g叶酸和1g生物素。
乳猪用微量元素预混料是多种微量元素和载体的混合物,载体为沸石粉,且每1kg乳猪用微量元素预混料中含铜37g、铁70g、锰30g、锌50g、硒0.17g、碘0.22g和钴0.3g。
本发明实施例2得到的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料与9个单一肠道调节剂组和猪场正常使用的教槽料对比试验
1、试验地点:南平市某规模养猪场。
2、试验时间:2019年09月12日——2019年09月26日,1 4天。
3、试验饲料:试验设对照组、9个单一肠道调节剂组和试验组,对照组为该猪场正常使用的教槽料,9个单一肠道调节剂组是用实施例2的大配方配制的教槽料,肠道调节剂用各单一成分,试验组为使用本发明实施例2制备的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料。
4、试验猪群:选择杜洛克*长白*大白三元26日龄左右断奶仔猪362头。
5、试验分组:随机选择体况相近、健康、体重基本一致的,将其分为11个组;从而使组间体重差异不显著。
6、试验过程:09月12日上午断奶,移走母猪,下午调好栏,挑出弱仔,分好组,下午17点对试验组、9个单一肠道调节剂组和对照组各进行体重称重。每天添加饲料,下午17点半,分别记录各组饲料当天添加量。09月26日下午17点,对试验组、9个单一肠道调节剂组和对照组各进行体重称重。
7、试验结果如表1所示:
表1 饲喂不同教槽料对断奶仔猪腹泻率和生长性能的影响
8、试验结论:从表1中数据可以看出,由本发明所生产的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料试验组日均增重明显高于其余单一肠道调节剂组,日均增重高于对照组46g,高出对照组18.25%。料肉比明显低于其余单一肠道调节剂组,料肉比低于对照组0.13。腹泻率明显低于其余单一肠道调节剂组,腹泻率低于对照组8.12%。说明本发明的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料对仔猪断奶后的生长性能和腹泻率能有显著改善,能满足断奶仔猪各项营养指标需要。
本发明是通过提供仔猪肠道调节剂——丁酸甘油酯、包被丁酸钠、益生菌,快速给肠道供给营养,促进肠道发育,提供抗菌肽、溶菌酶、酸化剂、益生元等用来改善肠道内环境,抑制肠道有害微生物和病毒的滋生,促进有益菌在肠道中的定植,提供优质蛋白源——鸡血浆蛋白粉、乳清浓缩蛋白,不仅高蛋白及富含免疫球蛋白,提高机体的抵抗力,从表1中数据可以看出,各个肠道调节剂单一作用效果不明显,而本发明通过合适配比,发挥各组分协同作用来达到改善断奶后仔猪腹泻,提高肠道发育。综上,用来提高仔猪对高营养物质的消化从而达到完善仔猪肠道发育、提高肠道对高营养物质吸收利用,最终实现改善断奶后仔猪腹泻、提高生长性能的目的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:按照重量份计,包括 以下原料:
1级大米250~350份;
膨化玉米180~300份;
高蛋白乳清粉80~200份;
大豆油15~30份;
膨化去皮豆粕50~100份;
膨化大豆50~120份;
超级蒸汽鱼粉40~80份;
鸡血浆蛋白粉40~70份;
乳清浓缩蛋白30~60份;
石粉3~10份;
磷酸氢钙5~12份;
氯化钠2~4份;
乳猪用维生素预混料0.4份;
乳猪用微量元素预混料2份;
50wt%氯化胆碱 0.5~1.5份;
98.5%精氨酸0.3~1份;
98.5%赖氨酸1~4份;
蛋氨酸0.2~1份;
肠道调节剂 20~35份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述乳猪用维生素预混料为多种维生素与载体的混合物,所述载体为面粉,且每1kg乳猪用维生素预混料中含3800万IU维生素A、750万IU维生素D3、5万IU维生素E、10g维生素K3、5g维生素B1、15g维生素B2、8g维生素B6、0.06g维生素B12、60g烟酰胺、32g泛酸钙、1g叶酸和1g生物素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述乳猪用微量元素预混料是多种微量元素和载体的混合物,载体为沸石粉,且每1kg乳猪用微量元素预混料中含铜37g、铁70g、锰30g、锌50g、硒0.17g、碘0.22g和钴0.3g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述肠道调节剂的功能组分主要为包被氧化锌、抗菌肽、溶菌酶、酸化剂、丹宁酸、百草霜、丁酸甘油酯、包被丁酸钠、益生元、益生菌;具体原料按重量份数计,包括:
50wt%包被氧化锌1~3份;
抗菌肽1~3份;
溶菌酶0.5~1.5份;
酸化剂5~15份;
丹宁酸0.5~1.5份;
百草霜2~6份;
丁酸甘油酯1~5份;
包被丁酸钠1~3份;
益生元1~4份;
益生菌0.5~1.5份;
酶制剂2~4.5份;
防霉剂0.5~1.5份;
30wt%抗氧化剂0.1~0.3份;
载体1~20份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述酸化剂组分按重量份计由2份甲酸、4份乳酸、2份柠檬酸、2份富马酸组合而成。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述酶制剂包括以下组分:按照重量份数计,
酸性蛋白酶:1~2份;
甘露聚糖酶 :0.5~1.5份;
植酸酶:0.5~1份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述酸性蛋白酶活力为5万U/g,甘露聚糖酶活力≥3万U/g,植酸酶活力为5000U/g。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述抗氧化剂为乙氧基喹啉;防霉剂为丙酸。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料,其特征在于:所述载体为面粉。
10.一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述的一种能改善仔猪断奶后腹泻的低锌无抗高蛋白教槽料的使用方法,其特征在于:在断奶前15天开始进行诱食,断奶后饲喂10-14天。
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CN112471332A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 广东海奕生物饲料有限公司 | 一种含复合酶无抗乳猪保育料及其制备方法 |
CN114041541A (zh) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-15 | 江苏久久和牧农牧科技有限公司 | 无抗乳猪料及其制备方法 |
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