CN111436366A - Water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line cultivation method - Google Patents
Water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring lines and discloses a cultivation method of a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, which comprises the steps of hybridization; directly seeding the upland field and selfing the seeds; planting in a paddy field; directly seeding the upland field and selfing the seeds; transplanting rice seedlings and carrying out test cross on the rice field; planting in rice field, eliminating, mixing and selfing; identifying rice blast; direct seeding and selfing on dry land; screening a good strain; and (5) testing and matching groups. The invention obtains F through the hybridization of the dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and the excellent rice restoring line1Hybrid; backcrossing with restoring line of rice to obtain BC1F1Selfing again; the method is characterized in that cross drought resistance screening and identification are carried out on mountainous regions and paddy fields, the obtained excellent germplasm is subjected to identification of properties such as resistance, rice quality and yield, and the water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line with the excellent properties such as drought resistance of dry rice and high yield of rice is obtained after screening.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring lines, in particular to a cultivation method of a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line.
Background
The food safety is related to national safety, people take food as the day, and the food is always the foundation for economic development, social stability and national independence. The country has given a high level of attention to food problems for a long time. Rice is one of the most main food crops in China, and plays a significant role in food safety in China historically, but in recent years, the average yield of rice in China always wanders up and down at 415 kg per mu, wherein drought and water shortage are one of the important reasons for reducing yield.
The high-yield rice bred in recent years is difficult to develop the yield-increasing potential, and the main reason is drought. In recent 5 years, drought frequently occurs, so that the average grain disaster area per year in China reaches 0.52 hundred million hectares, and the grain loss exceeds 600 hundred million kg.
The agricultural water in China accounts for 70% of the total water consumption, and the rice production water accounts for more than 70% of the agricultural water consumption; the current habit of reserving water layers in rice planting fields is formed due to excessive dependence of rice on water, so that a large amount of greenhouse gas emission is caused, the emission amount of methane in the rice field is reported to be 19.73% of the emission source of methane in China, and excessive chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like flow into rivers and lakes along with excessive irrigation water or seep into underground water to cause eutrophication of the rivers and lakes, or soil salinization and fertility reduction in the rice irrigation areas due to serial irrigation. The effective solution provided by scientists is to realize dry-planting of rice, which is a rice variety needing drought resistance urgently.
In conclusion, the cultivation of new water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties with high quality and high yield is an important national demand for developing water-saving agriculture and environment-friendly agriculture, relieving water resource shortage and guaranteeing grain safety and ecological safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a water-saving deviceThe method for cultivating the restoring line of drought-resistant rice includes such steps as hybridizing the germplasm of drought-resistant rice with excellent restoring line of rice to obtain F1Hybrid; backcrossing with restoring line of rice to obtain BC1F1Selfing again; the method is characterized in that cross drought resistance screening and identification are carried out on mountainous regions and paddy fields, the obtained excellent germplasm is subjected to identification of properties such as resistance, rice quality and yield, and the water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line with the excellent properties such as drought resistance of dry rice and high yield of rice is obtained after screening, and the problems in the background art can be effectively solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line, which comprises the following steps:
s1: hybridizing;
s2: directly seeding the upland field and selfing the seeds;
s3: planting in a paddy field;
s4: directly seeding the upland field and selfing the seeds;
s5: transplanting rice seedlings and carrying out test cross on the rice field;
s6: planting in rice field, eliminating, mixing and selfing;
s7: identifying rice blast;
s8: direct seeding and selfing on dry land;
s9: screening a good strain;
s10: and (5) testing and matching groups.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, in step S1, the hybridization comprises:
selecting dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and rice restoring line with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F1And with F1Backcrossing the female parent and the rice restoring line once to the male parent and collecting BC1F1Over 10000 seeds are selfed.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, in step S2, the direct seeding of upland field and selfing of seeds comprises:
directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the step S1 on the mountains in a dry mode, not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, and selecting BC with excellent agronomic characters and strong drought resistance when the seeds are mature1F2Collecting selfed seeds from single plant, harvesting about 5-10 seeds from each plant, and mixing.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, in step S3, the planting of the paddy field comprises:
planting the selfing mixed seeds harvested in the step S2 in a good rice field for direct water seeding, performing water-cut drought stress when the plants grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating single plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and good agronomic characters, harvesting about 5-10 seeds from each plant, and mixing to obtain BC1F3And (5) seed generation.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, in step S4, the direct seeding of upland field and selfing of seeds comprises:
directly sowing the inbred seeds harvested in the step S3 on the dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, largely eliminating single plants with poor drought resistance, selecting the single plants with excellent agronomic characters and strong drought resistance to collect the inbred seeds to obtain BC1F4And (5) seed generation.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, in step S5, the transplanting rice seedlings and the test cross of the rice field comprises:
the BC harvested in step S41F4Planting the seeds in excellent rice field for transplanting rice seedlings, and testing and crossing the three-line sterile line and two-line sterile line in pairs to obtain hybrid F1And the inbred seeds are collected in pairs with the test-cross male parents and numbered.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line comprises the steps of planting and eliminating the rice fields in step S6, wherein the mixed selfing comprises:
f harvested in step S51Planting in paddy field, and maturingLater stage of seed test on seed setting rate, F1The seed setting rate of the male parent is lower than 75 percent and is eliminated, and the corresponding male parent is eliminated;
directly sowing the corresponding male parent in the mountainous region without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, and finally selecting the hybrid F with drought resistance1Excellent strain with seed setting rate more than 75%, and mixing and collecting BC1F6And (5) selfing.
As a preferable technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line comprises, in step S7, the identification of rice blast comprising:
the BC harvested in step S61F6Planting in rice blast re-emergence area for rice blast identification, eliminating susceptible single plant, selecting single plant with strong rice blast resistance and collecting selfed seed.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, in step S8, the direct seeding and selfing of drought comprises:
the BC harvested in step S71F7Directly sowing seeds in a dry land, not irrigating water in the whole growth period, eliminating the strains with poor drought resistance, collecting the strains with excellent agronomic characters and good drought resistance, and mixing and harvesting the inbred BC1F8And dividing the harvested seeds into 2 parts.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line, in step S9, the screening of good strains comprises:
the BC harvested in step S81F8Planting one part of seeds in a good rice field for transplanting rice seedlings; one part of the rice quality is analyzed, strains which do not reach the high-quality third-grade rice of the ministerial standard or above are eliminated according to the rice quality analysis result, and strains with good rice quality and comprehensive properties are selected for selfing;
in step S10, the test-matching group includes:
and (4) carrying out test cross pairing, trial production and expanded propagation on a large number of restorer line seeds harvested in the step (S9) according to the restorer line stock propagation process, and applying the restorer line seeds to cultivation practice of water-saving drought-resistant hybrid rice.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
1. f is obtained by hybridizing the dry rice with strong drought resistance with the excellent rice restoring line1Hybrid; backcrossing with restoring line of rice to obtain BC1F1Selfing again; the method is characterized in that cross drought resistance screening and identification are carried out on mountainous regions and paddy fields, the obtained excellent germplasm is subjected to identification of properties such as resistance, rice quality and yield, and the water-saving drought-resistant rice restoring line with the excellent properties such as drought resistance of dry rice and high yield of rice is obtained after screening.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cultivation method of a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
For better understanding of the above technical solutions, the following detailed descriptions will be provided in conjunction with the drawings and the detailed description of the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, the cultivation method of a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and rice restoring line (R) with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F1And with F1Backcrossing female parent and rice restoring line R as male parent, and collecting BC1F1Over 10000 seeds are selfed;
(2) directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the step (1) in a dry mode on a mountain land (without a plough bottom layer), not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting BC1F2 single plants with excellent agronomic characters and strong drought resistance when the selfing seeds are mature, harvesting about 5-10 seeds from each plant, and mixing;
(3) planting the selfing mixed seeds harvested in the step (2) in a good paddy field block (with a plough bottom layer) for direct water seeding, carrying out water cut and drought stress when the plants grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating single plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and good agronomic characters, harvesting about 5-10 seeds from each plant, and mixing to obtain BC1F3Seed generation;
(4) directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the step (3) in a dry land (without a plough layer), not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, largely eliminating single plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with excellent agronomic characters and strong drought resistance to collect selfing seeds, and obtaining BC1F4Seed generation;
(5) the BC harvested from the (4) species1F4Planting the seeds in the excellent paddy field (with plough layer) for transplanting seedlings, and testing and crossing the three-line sterile line and two-line sterile line in pairs to obtain the hybrid F1And collecting the inbred seed number in pairs with the test-cross male parent;
(6) f harvested in (5)1Planting paddy field, examining seed for maturing rate in later period of maturation, F1The seed setting rate of the male parent is lower than 75 percent and is eliminated, and the corresponding male parent is eliminated; directly sowing the corresponding male parent in the mountain without plough bottom layer, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance by using no artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, and finally selecting the hybrid F with drought resistance1Excellent strain with seed setting rate more than 75%, and mixing and collecting BC1F6Selfing seeds;
(7) the BC harvested in (6)1F6Planting in a rice blast reoccurrence area for rice blast identification, eliminating susceptible single plants, selecting single plants with strong rice blast resistance and collecting inbred seeds;
(8) combining the BC harvested in (7)1F7Directly sowing seeds in a dry land (without a plough layer) in a mountain land, not irrigating water in the whole growth period, eliminating strains with poor drought resistance, collecting strains with excellent agronomic characters and good drought resistance, and mixing to obtain inbred BC seeds1F8Dividing the harvested seeds into 2 parts;
(9) combining the BC harvested in (8)1F8Planting one part of seeds in a good rice field block (with a plough bottom layer) for transplanting rice seedlings; one part is subjected to rice quality analysis, strains which do not reach the high-quality third-level rice of the ministerial standard (NYT595-2-13) and above are eliminated according to the rice quality analysis result, and strains with excellent rice quality and comprehensive properties are selected for selfing;
(10) and (4) carrying out test cross pairing, trial production and expanded propagation on a large number of restorer line (R) seeds harvested in the step (9) according to the restorer line protospecies propagation process, and applying the restorer line (R) seeds to cultivation practice of water-saving drought-resistant hybrid rice.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: hybridizing;
s2: directly seeding the upland field and selfing the seeds;
s3: planting in a paddy field;
s4: directly seeding the upland field and selfing the seeds;
s5: transplanting rice seedlings and carrying out test cross on the rice field;
s6: planting in rice field, eliminating, mixing and selfing;
s7: identifying rice blast;
s8: direct seeding and selfing on dry land;
s9: screening a good strain;
s10: and (5) testing and matching groups.
2. The method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the hybridization comprises:
selecting dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and rice restoring line with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F1And with F1Backcrossing the female parent and the rice restoring line once to the male parent and collecting BC1F1Over 10000 seeds are selfed.
3. The method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the performing dry direct seeding on upland field and selfing the seeds comprises:
directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the step S1 on the mountains in a dry mode, not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, and selecting BC with excellent agronomic characters and strong drought resistance when the seeds are mature1F2Collecting selfed seeds from single plant, harvesting about 5-10 seeds from each plant, and mixing.
4. The method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the paddy field planting includes:
planting the selfing mixed seeds harvested in the step S2 in a good rice field for direct water seeding, performing water-cut drought stress when the plants grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating single plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and good agronomic characters, harvesting about 5-10 seeds from each plant, and mixing to obtain BC1F3And (5) seed generation.
5. The method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S4, the performing dry direct seeding on upland field and selfing the seeds comprises:
directly sowing the inbred seeds harvested in the step S3 on the dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, largely eliminating single plants with poor drought resistance, selecting the single plants with excellent agronomic characters and strong drought resistance to collect the inbred seeds to obtain BC1F4And (5) seed generation.
6. The method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice restorer line according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the transplanting and test-crossing of the rice field comprises:
the BC harvested in step S41F4Planting the seeds in excellent rice field for transplanting rice seedlings, and testing and crossing the three-line sterile line and two-line sterile line in pairs to obtain hybrid F1And the inbred seeds are collected in pairs with the test-cross male parents and numbered.
7. The method for cultivating a water-saving upland rice restorer line according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the rice fields are planted and eliminated, and the hybrid selfing includes:
f harvested in step S51Planting paddy field, examining seed for maturing rate in later period of maturation, F1The seed setting rate of the male parent is lower than 75 percent and is eliminated, and the corresponding male parent is eliminated;
directly sowing the corresponding male parent in the mountainous region without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, and finally selecting the hybrid F with drought resistance1Excellent strain with seed setting rate more than 75%, and mixing and collecting BC1F6And (5) selfing.
8. The method for cultivating a water-saving upland rice restorer line according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S7, the identification of rice blast comprises:
the BC harvested in step S61F6Planting in rice blast re-emergence area for rice blast identification, eliminating susceptible single plant, selecting single plant with strong rice blast resistance and collecting selfed seed.
9. The method for cultivating a water-saving upland rice restorer line according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S8, the dry direct seeding and selfing includes:
the BC harvested in step S71F7Directly sowing seeds in a dry land, not irrigating water in the whole growth period, eliminating the strains with poor drought resistance, collecting the strains with excellent agronomic characters and good drought resistance, and mixing and harvesting the inbred BC1F8And dividing the harvested seeds into 2 parts.
10. The method for cultivating a water-saving upland rice restorer line according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
in step S9, the screening of elite strains comprises:
the BC harvested in step S81F8Planting one part of seeds in a good rice field for transplanting rice seedlings; one part of the rice quality is analyzed, strains which do not reach the high-quality third-grade rice of the ministerial standard or above are eliminated according to the rice quality analysis result, and strains with good rice quality and comprehensive properties are selected for selfing;
in step S10, the test-matching group includes:
and (4) carrying out test cross pairing, trial production and expanded propagation on a large number of restorer line seeds harvested in the step (S9) according to the restorer line stock propagation process, and applying the restorer line seeds to cultivation practice of water-saving drought-resistant hybrid rice.
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