CN111408431A

CN111408431A - Cereal gelatinization processing equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111408431A
Application number: CN202010340870.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张斌; 邢子替; 徐广标; 贺加贝; 徐学见
Original assignee: Shandong Guanfeng Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Guanfeng Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-26
Filing date: 2020-04-26
Publication date: 2020-07-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a grain gelatinization processing device, which comprises: the grain processing device comprises an impurity removing device, a wetting device and an infrared microwave pasting device which are sequentially connected, wherein grains are subjected to impurity removal through the impurity removing device, enter the wetting device for wetting, then enter the infrared microwave pasting device for heating, and pasted grains are obtained. The grain gelatinization processing equipment provided improves the energy utilization rate, reduces the pollution and can be produced and processed in a large scale in the grain gelatinization processing process.

Description

Cereal gelatinization processing equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of deep processing of grains, in particular to grain gelatinization processing equipment.

Background

The existing cereal gelatinization process comprises dehydration, drying, baking, extrusion, puffing and cooking. The grain dehydration drying technology comprises sun light drying and artificial hot air drying. Extruding and puffing to suddenly reduce pressure and expand the raw materials under the conditions of heating and pressurizing; the starch in the grains is gelatinized by using steam in high temperature and high pressure during cooking, and a boiler is required to be used in the cooking process to cause environmental pollution; the baking is also called baking and baking, which means that the material is dehydrated and hardened in a dry heat mode below a burning point, and the gelatinization is achieved after starch generates a series of chemical changes such as gelatinization and protein denaturation after the gelatinization. However, some of the existing baking and frying processing technologies have low processing efficiency and cannot be used for large-scale production. The sun-drying of grains is also a combination of infrared drying and hot air drying, and has the advantages that artificial energy is not used, but the sun-drying of grains is limited by natural conditions (with sufficient sunlight), airing fields, manpower, machinery and the like, so that the economic efficiency is not high; the artificial hot air drying process is a surface drying process, consumes more energy and has lower efficiency although the limit of natural conditions can be avoided.

In summary, there is a need for an efficient and energy-saving cereal gelatinization processing apparatus.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a grain gelatinization processing device, which can improve the energy utilization rate, reduce pollution and realize large-scale production and processing in the grain gelatinization processing process.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a grain gelatinization processing apparatus comprising: the grain processing device comprises an impurity removing device, a wetting device and an infrared microwave pasting device which are sequentially connected, wherein grains are subjected to impurity removal through the impurity removing device, enter the wetting device for wetting, then enter the infrared microwave pasting device for heating, and pasted grains are obtained.

Optionally, the impurity removing device comprises a vibrating screen, an induced draft separator, a specific gravity stoner, a magnetic separator, a dust remover and a dust removing fan which are connected in sequence;

wherein, the grains sequentially pass through a vibrating screen, an air suction separator, a specific gravity stoner, a magnetic separator, a dust remover and a dust removal fan to remove impurities, stones and iron in the grains and clean dust, and the grains at the discharge port of the vibrating screen are separated from the impurities from the grains through the air suction separator; the dust of the grains separated in the specific gravity stone remover is pumped by a fan through a dust remover and is exhausted.

Optionally, the wetting apparatus comprises: a hardening and tempering dampening machine, a spiral propeller and a wetting tank; the wetting tank is connected with the conditioning dampening machine through a three-way distributor; wherein, the cleaned grains are sprayed by the atomizing nozzle of the conditioning dampening machine and stirred by the screw propeller to enter the wetting tank.

Optionally, the infrared microwave gelatinization apparatus includes: the grain refining device comprises a refining device, a vibrating motor, a metal woven mesh belt and a heating device, wherein wetted grains enter the infrared microwave gelatinization device, are uniformly flattened under the action of the refining device and the vibrating motor, are transmitted through the metal woven mesh belt, the metal woven mesh belt is tensioned under the action of gravity by utilizing the self weight of the metal woven mesh belt, and the heating device heats the wetted grains. The infrared microwave gelatinization device removes 70-85% of aflatoxin in the grains at high temperature.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: a lifter and a preheating tank; the wet grains are lifted to the preheating tank by the lifter and flow into the infrared microwave pasting device through the preheating tank, and the infrared microwave pasting device recovers and processes waste heat and then is introduced into the preheating tank to preheat the wet grains.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: the double-roll extruder is connected with the infrared microwave pasting device; wherein the gelatinized grains are fed into the double-roller extruder to be extruded into slices or granules.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: and the cooling box is connected with the double-roller type extruder and is used for cooling the extruded grains.

Optionally, the induced draft separator includes: a feed inlet, a separation chamber, an air suction opening and a discharge opening.

Optionally, the magnetic separator includes: separator casing, first-level magnetic separation cylinder, second grade magnetic separation cylinder, flow control board, magnetic pole adjusting device and permanent magnet, the magnetic separator utilizes the iron plate that contains in the magnetic force of permanent magnet adsorbs the cereal.

Optionally, the fuel of the infrared microwave gelatinization device is clean energy.

The grain gelatinization processing equipment provided by the invention can be used for quickly gelatinizing grains under the microwave irradiation of the infrared microwave gelatinization device, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, the pollution is reduced and the grain gelatinization processing equipment can be used for large-scale production and processing.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a grain gelatinization processing apparatus according to the present invention;

wherein: 1-1# lifting machine, 2-vibrating screen, 3-induced draft separator, 4-specific gravity stoner, 5-dust remover, 6-dust removing fan, 7-magnetic separator, 8-2# lifting machine, 9-water inlet of conditioning dampening machine, 10-conditioning dampening machine, 11-three-way distributor, 12-wetting tank, 13-3# lifting machine, 14-preheating tank, 15-infrared microwave pasting device, 16-waste heat recovery system, 17-pair roller type extruding machine, 18-cooling box, 19-exhaust air duct and 20-belt conveyor.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of grain gelatinization process in the grain gelatinization process apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

The infrared microwave gelatinization utilizes the characteristic that grains and water are sensitive to infrared rays, and high-efficiency infrared energy produced by manpower is added, so that the grains can be dried and gelatinized, and a large amount of aflatoxin can be removed, therefore, the gelatinization method has the highest efficiency, and is very worthy of popularization. Based on the advantages, the invention provides grain gelatinization processing equipment, which is different from dehydration drying, baking, extrusion puffing and cooking in the prior art, and the grain gelatinization processing equipment can quickly gelatinize grains in the process of 40-60 s under the microwave irradiation of an infrared microwave gelatinization device, simultaneously remove 70-85% of aflatoxin, decompose amylose in grain starch, and achieve the effect of improving digestibility. The grain gelatinization processing equipment can be used for corn, soybean, wheat, barley, oat, buckwheat, cottonseed, sorghum and the like, sectional infrared microwave gelatinization and heat recovery processing are carried out, the energy utilization rate is improved by more than 60% by utilization, clean energy sources such as electricity, natural gas, liquefied gas, solar energy, methane and the like can be selected as fuels, and the environmental pollution is reduced; the 17-pair roller type extruder can extrude grain sheets or grains according to requirements, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

Example one

The grain gelatinization processing equipment provided by the embodiment can be used for quickly gelatinizing grains under the microwave irradiation of the infrared microwave gelatinization device, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, the pollution is reduced, and the grain gelatinization processing equipment can be used for large-scale production and processing.

Example two

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of grain gelatinization processing equipment provided by the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the grain gelatinization processing apparatus comprises: 1-1# lifting machine, 2-vibrating screen, 3-induced draft separator, 4-specific gravity stoner, 5-dust remover, 6-dust removing fan, 7-magnetic separator, 8-2# lifting machine, 9-hardening and tempering dampening machine-attached water inlet, 10-hardening and tempering machine-attached water, 11-three-way distributor, 12-wetting tank, 13-3# lifting machine, 14-preheating tank, 15-infrared microwave pasting device, 16-waste heat recovery system, 17-pair roller type extruding machine, 18-cooling box, 19-exhaust air duct and 20-belt conveyor.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of grain gelatinization process in the grain gelatinization process apparatus of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the flow chart includes: grain lifting, impurity removal by a vibrating screen, stone removal by a specific gravity stone removal machine, iron removal by a magnetic separator, grain lifting, conditioning and dampening water adding machine, wetting of a wetting tank, grain lifting, preheating of a preheating bin, infrared microwave gelatinization, extrusion of an extruder, cooling of a cooling box, conveying by a conveyor belt and finished product output.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the invention discloses a grain gelatinization processing method, which comprises the processes of grain impurity removal, stone removal, iron removal, tempering and water adding, preheating treatment, infrared microwave gelatinization, extrusion and slicing or crushing, and cooling sequentially. The grain is sequentially subjected to impurity removal, stone removal and iron removal through a 2-vibrating screen, a 4-specific gravity stone removal machine and a 7-magnetic separator, lifted to a 10-conditioning water application machine, quantitative water is introduced into an atomizing spray head to spray the grain, the grain is uniformly stirred through a spiral stirrer, after being wetted for three times, lifted to a 14-preheating tank to be heated, and then the grain enters an infrared microwave pasting device to be subjected to microwave baking, and after pasting is completed, the grain enters a 17-pair roller type extruding machine to be extruded into slices or particles according to a pair roller rotation speed ratio, and finally the grain enters an 18-cooling box to be cooled. Compared with the existing grain processing method, the grain processing method has the advantages that the energy utilization rate is improved by 60%, the aflatoxin in the grains is eliminated by an infrared microwave high-temperature baking processing technology, the gelatinization degree of the grain starch is improved, the amylose in the grain starch is decomposed, and the grain processing method is favorable for digestion and absorption of the grains.

First, the cereal impurities removing, stone removing and iron removing stage

The raw grain is subjected to impurity removal, grain impurity separation, stone removal, iron removal and dust cleaning by a 2-vibrating screen, a 3-air suction separator, a 4-specific gravity stone remover, a 7-magnetic separator, a 5-dust remover and a 6-dust removal fan.

Specifically, grains flow into a 2-vibrating screen feeding port through a connecting pipeline, the grains flow into a 3-air suction separator through flexible connection after the impurities are processed by the 2-vibrating screen, the impurities flow into a 4-specific gravity stone removing machine feeding port through the connecting pipeline after the impurities are separated by the 3-air suction separator, the separated impurities flow into a 5-dust remover through the connecting air pipe under the action of fan suction, the impurities are emptied through the connecting air pipe, the impurities flow into a 7-magnetic separator through the connecting pipeline after the stones are removed by the 4-specific gravity stone removing machine, the separated impurities flow into the 5-dust remover through the connecting air pipe under the action of fan suction, the impurities are emptied through the connecting air pipe, and the impurities flow into grain lifting equipment through the connecting pipeline after iron blocks are processed by the 7-.

2, separating impurities from grains at the discharge port of the vibrating screen by using a 3-air suction separator, so that the impurities are cleaned and are prevented from being easily burnt by naked fire; the grain dust separated in the stone remover is pumped by a fan through a 5-dust remover and is emptied; the grains after being de-ironed by the 7-magnetic separator have no iron blocks and steel balls, so that the irreversible damage to the double rollers of the extruder is reduced, the service life of the double rollers of the extruder is prolonged, and the wire drawing interval time of the double rollers is prolonged.

Among them, the 2-vibrating screen operates by utilizing reciprocating rotary type vibration generated by vibrator excitation. The upper rotary heavy hammer of the vibrator makes the screen surface generate plane rotary vibration, the lower rotary heavy hammer makes the screen surface generate conical surface rotary vibration, and the combined effect makes the screen surface generate re-rotary vibration.

The 3-induced draft separator is composed of a feeding port, a separating chamber, an air suction port and a discharging port, is cleaning equipment for grain pretreatment, separates light impurities such as wheat hair, wheat bran, worm-eaten wheat grains and straws by air flow by utilizing the difference of specific gravity of materials and the light impurities, and is suitable for preliminary cleaning of grains.

The 4-specific gravity stone remover is an impurity removing device which separates mineral substances from particulate materials by using different densities and suspension speeds of the grain materials and the mineral substances (mainly comprising side-by-side stones and the like) and by means of mechanical wind power and a screen surface which reciprocates in a certain track.

The 7-magnetic separator mainly comprises a separator shell, a primary magnetic separation roller, a secondary magnetic separation roller, a flow adjusting plate, a magnetic pole adjusting device, a permanent magnet and the like, and the iron blocks contained in the grains are adsorbed by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet.

5-the working principle of the dust remover is that the dust-containing gas enters tangentially from an inlet, the gas flow is divided up and down to form double-spiral movement while the gas flow obtains rotary movement, dust generates a violent separation action at the boundary of the double-spiral, thicker dust particles are separated to the outer wall along with the lower-spiral gas flow, partial dust is led out from the opening in the middle of the bypass separation chamber, the rest dust is led into a dust hopper by the downward gas flow, and the purified gas is discharged by an exhaust pipe.

The 6-dust removing fan and a general centrifugal fan basically have the same working principle, when the impeller rotates at a high speed, air in each part of the impeller is driven to rotate together, at the moment, the air in the center of the impeller is thrown to the edge of the impeller under the action of centrifugal force, vacuum is formed in the center of the impeller, and then external air continuously flows in under the action of pressure difference and is supplemented to the center of the impeller, so that the fan has the capacity of sucking air.

(II) cereal wetting stage

The cleaned grains are lifted to a 10-conditioning dampening machine, the grains are wetted for three times in a 12-wetting tank after being sprayed by an atomizing nozzle of the 10-conditioning dampening machine and stirred by a screw propeller, the 12-wetting tank is connected with the 10-conditioning dampening machine by an 11-three-way distributor, the grains are wetted for 2-3 hours for the first time, wetted for 3 hours for the second time and wetted for 4-5 hours for the third time, so that the grains are uniformly contacted with water molecules and softened, the hardness of the grains subjected to an extruder can be reduced, equipment is protected, the service life is prolonged, and the water content of the grains is improved to more than 23% from the previous 13-15% after being wetted for 9-11 hours;

(III) gelatinization stage

⑶ the wetted grain is lifted to 14-preheating tank by lifter and flows into infrared microwave gelatinization device through 14-preheating tank, the infrared microwave gelatinization device recovers the waste heat, processes the waste heat and then feeds into 14-preheating tank to preheat the raw grain, the temperature of the raw grain is raised to 50-55 ℃, and starch begins to gelatinize at this time.

The infrared ray is an electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 0.7-1000 mu m, and is divided into near infrared ray and far infrared ray (the wavelength of the far infrared ray is 4-400 mu m), the most remarkable characteristic of the infrared ray is thermal action and diffraction phenomenon, and the infrared ray easily passes through cloud smoke dust and is not absorbed by suspended particles in the air, so when the infrared ray is used for radiating an object, the temperature of the object rises and the temperature of the surrounding air does not change; the composition of various cereals is complex, the most important components of which are starch, protein, lipid, etc. They are all infrared sensitive substances. The infrared light irradiates on the substance sensitive to the infrared light, one part of the infrared light is reflected on the surface of the object, the other part of the infrared light enters the object, one part of the infrared light is absorbed by the substance sensitive to the infrared light, and the other part of the infrared light is emitted through the substance. Generally, grains have strong absorption in each wavelength range of 3 microns, 6 microns and 9 microns, so that the grains can be heated and dried by infrared rays with ideal good effects. The infrared microwave gelatinization equipment recovers and processes the waste heat, and then the waste heat is introduced into a 14-preheating tank to preheat the grains, so that the temperature of the grains can be raised to 50-55 ℃, the energy consumption can be reduced by 20%, and the starch begins to be gelatinized at the moment;

grains enter an infrared microwave pasting device, the grains are uniformly spread under the combined action of a material homogenizing device at a feed inlet and a vibration motor, the thickness of the grains is 10mm-30mm, the grains are pasted in three stages under the transmission of a metal woven mesh belt, the grains are quickly heated at the high temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ in the first stage for 10s-20s, 70% -85% of aflatoxin in the grains can be removed, the grains are subjected to infrared microwave pasting at the medium temperature of 800-1000 ℃ in the second stage for 20s, a metal fiber infrared device is adopted for pasting the grains, the grains are pasted until the surfaces of the grains are golden yellow and the skins of the grains are swelled without changing the paste, the surface temperature of the grains is 150-200 ℃, the grains are subjected to heat preservation control at the low temperature of 600-800 ℃ in the third stage for 10s-20s, the starch is pasted for convenient extrusion, and the metal woven mesh belt is, the service life of the equipment is greatly prolonged, the starch gelatinization degree in the grains can be improved to the maximum extent by sectional gelatinization, the energy utilization rate can be improved by more than 60 percent, the production cost is further reduced, and the infrared microwave gelatinization equipment can adopt clean energy sources such as electricity, natural gas, liquefied gas, solar energy, methane and the like;

(IV) extrusion stage

And (3) extruding and slicing or crushing the gelatinized grains in a 17-double-roller extruder, wherein the difference ratio of two pairs of rollers of the 17-double-roller extruder is more than 4%, adjusting the rotating speed ratio of the two pairs of rollers according to the diameter of the belt pulley, wherein the rotating speed ratio of the two pairs of rollers is 1:1.2, 1:1.5 and 1:2, and extruding the grains into granules.

(V) a cooling stage

And (3) cooling the extruded grains in an 18-cooling box to reduce the temperature of the grains to room temperature, sucking indoor air into the 18-cooling box by using a fan to reduce the temperature of the grains to below 15% through an air net at the lower layer of the grains, conveying the grains to the ground by using a 20-belt conveyor placed below a discharge port of the 18-cooling box, and storing and transporting the grains.

It is understood that the same or similar parts in the above embodiments may be mutually referred to, and the same or similar parts in other embodiments may be referred to for the content which is not described in detail in some embodiments.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description of the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Further, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" means at least two unless otherwise specified.

Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.

It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.

The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grain gelatinization processing apparatus, comprising: the grain processing device comprises an impurity removing device, a wetting device and an infrared microwave pasting device which are sequentially connected, wherein grains are subjected to impurity removal through the impurity removing device, enter the wetting device for wetting, then enter the infrared microwave pasting device for heating, and pasted grains are obtained.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the impurity removing means comprises a vibrating screen, a suction separator, a specific gravity stoner, a magnetic separator, a dust remover and a dust removing fan which are connected in sequence;

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wetting device comprises: a hardening and tempering dampening machine, a spiral propeller and a wetting tank; the wetting tank is connected with the conditioning dampening machine through a three-way distributor; wherein, the cleaned grains are sprayed by the atomizing nozzle of the conditioning dampening machine and stirred by the screw propeller to enter the wetting tank.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the infrared microwave gelatinization means comprises: the grain refining device comprises a refining device, a vibrating motor, a metal woven mesh belt and a heating device, wherein wetted grains enter the infrared microwave gelatinization device, are uniformly flattened under the action of the refining device and the vibrating motor, are transmitted through the metal woven mesh belt, the metal woven mesh belt is tensioned under the action of gravity by utilizing the self weight of the metal woven mesh belt, and the heating device heats the wetted grains.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises: a lifter and a preheating tank; the wet grains are lifted to the preheating tank by the lifter and flow into the infrared microwave pasting device through the preheating tank, and the infrared microwave pasting device recovers and processes waste heat and then is introduced into the preheating tank to preheat the wet grains.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises: the double-roll extruder is connected with the infrared microwave pasting device; wherein the gelatinized grains are fed into the double-roller extruder to be extruded into slices or granules.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises: and the cooling box is connected with the double-roller type extruder and is used for cooling the extruded grains.

8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the suction separator comprises: a feed inlet, a separation chamber, an air suction opening and a discharge opening.

9. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the magnetic separator comprises: separator casing, first-level magnetic separation cylinder, second grade magnetic separation cylinder, flow control board, magnetic pole adjusting device and permanent magnet, the magnetic separator utilizes the iron plate that contains in the magnetic force of permanent magnet adsorbs the cereal.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fuel of the infrared microwave gelatinization device is clean energy.