CN111387345A - 一种复合多糖组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种复合多糖组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111387345A CN111387345A CN202010023330.8A CN202010023330A CN111387345A CN 111387345 A CN111387345 A CN 111387345A CN 202010023330 A CN202010023330 A CN 202010023330A CN 111387345 A CN111387345 A CN 111387345A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合多糖组合物,包括以下组分:5‑10重量份的七叶一枝花、2‑5重量份的淡竹叶、18‑25重量份的盐肤木根、0.1‑2重量份的金钱草、10‑20重量份的板蓝根、20‑23重量份的红薯、28‑35重量份的干海带、2‑5重量份的竹炭粉。适用禽畜和水产的养殖,在养殖饲料中添加本复合多糖组合物作为饲料添加剂,通过清除禽畜和水产生物体内血管,实现祛毒功效,从而使得禽畜和水产生物保持健康,进而避免使用添加抗生素等药物,是一种无抗生素、无残留、无污染的生态养殖技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合多糖领域,尤其涉及一种复合多糖组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
在禽畜和水产养殖过程由于疾病的预防和治疗的需要,使用抗生素已成为禽畜和水产养殖疾病预防的主要手段,由于临床剂量抗生素的普遍使用,导致动物免疫力下降,内源性感染,产生耐药性及产品中的药物残留,质量下降和环境污染等问题,进而对人类健康构成威胁,引发的负面效应越来越成为关注的焦点,各国纷纷制定法律法规对抗生素和化学合成药物制成的饲料添加剂进行限制和禁用。
农业农村部印发了《兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动试点工作方案(2018—2021年)》,该方案的总体目标是力争通过3年时间,实施养殖环节兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动试点工作,推广兽用抗菌药使用减量化模式,减少使用抗菌药类药物饲料添加剂,兽用抗菌药使用量实现“零增长”,兽药残留和动物细菌耐药问题得到有效控制。
也就是说,该方案明确了的养殖端减抗和限抗的时间表,在该段时间结束后,药物饲料添加剂应在饲料中消失,不能再用在饲料生产中,只能用在养殖端。按照饲料端“禁抗”,养殖端“减抗、限抗”的方向,加上随着生活的进步和消费者对无公害食品的追求,本领域技术人员应寻找饲料的绿色添加剂来替代饲料中的抗生素。
发明内容
综上所述,如何解决现有技术中饲料添加剂的安全性问题,成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
本发明提供的一种复合多糖组合物,包括以下组分:
5-10重量份的七叶一枝花、2-5重量份的淡竹叶、18-25重量份的盐肤木根、0.1-2重量份的金钱草、10-20重量份的板蓝根、20-23重量份的红薯、28-35重量份的干海带、2-5重量份的竹炭粉。
优选地,所述七叶一枝花为七叶一枝花全草;淡竹叶为淡竹叶全草;金钱草为金钱草全草。
优选地,所述红薯为鲜红薯。
优选地,所述竹炭粉为精制竹炭粉。
优选地,所述组分具体为:5-6重量份的七叶一枝花、4-5重量份的淡竹叶、18-20重量份的盐肤木根、0.1-1重量份的金钱草、15-20重量份的板蓝根、20重量份的红薯、28-30重量份的干海带、4-5重量份的竹炭粉。
本发明还提供一种复合多糖组合物的制备方法,用于制备上述任意一种所述的复合多糖组合物,包括以下步骤:
(1)取上述组分:七叶一枝花、淡竹叶、盐肤木根、金钱草、板蓝根、红薯、干海带,洗净,无菌阴干,各组分粉碎后备用;
(2)按照上述任意一项所述组分的重量份进行混合,在100-120℃下蒸制完全,然后自然冷却至常温;
(3)将蒸制后的组分置于温度为25-28℃下添加红曲,发酵7-15天,得到发酵后的半成品;
(4)将半成品过滤去渣,得到原液,将原液置于温度为80-85℃下灭菌;
(5)灭菌的原液用块状竹炭吸附7-15天,然后低温风干竹炭、碾碎,得到竹炭粉及原液混合物;
(6)向竹炭粉及原液混合物加入铝硅酸盐,混合,粉碎,得到混合物;
(7)使用风选机将混合物中的竹炭粉去除,接着添加碳酸钙,混合完成得到所述复合多糖组合物。
优选地,所述干海带为海带干经步骤(1)的洗净、无菌阴干和粉碎后,再经提取得到的海带提取物。
优选地,海带提取物的提取方法为:
取每3.2g海带加入104U褐藻胶裂解酶进行酶解,酶解后进行超声波处理,离心后得到上清液即为海带提取物。
优选地,海带提取物的提取方法为:
将步骤(1)备用的干海带置于密闭容器中,并在温度为零下30~零下20℃之间进行完全冷冻,接着在温度为25~30℃下待其完全解冻,重复2-3次;
按干海带:纯净水=1:10的重量份比例,酸碱度为pH=9的条件下,进行:水浴加热至40-45℃,保温1小时,接着充分搅拌10-15min;重复水浴加热、保温、搅拌3-8次;
按干海带重量的0.1%添加褐藻胶裂解酶和2%复合酶,在温度为40-45℃下按速率为300-500r/min的搅拌3-8小时,接着再按照速率为3000-4000r/min离心10-20min,固液分离,上清液即为海带提取物。
优选地,褐藻胶裂解酶参数为1000U/mL;
复合酶为果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶,所述果胶酶、所述纤维素酶和所述蛋白酶的比例为1:1:1,参数为2万U/mL。
本发明的复合多糖组合物及其制备方法,利用七叶一枝花、淡竹叶、盐肤木根、金钱草、板蓝根、红薯、干海带、竹炭粉,本复合多糖组合物能有效清除血液毒素、清洁心血管的功效。适用禽畜和水产的养殖,也适合人类食用。
在养殖饲料中添加本复合多糖组合物作为饲料添加剂,通过清除禽畜和水产生物体内血管,实现祛毒功效,从而使得禽畜和水产生物保持健康,进而避免使用添加抗生素等药物,是一种无抗生素、无残留、无污染的生态养殖技术。
提供给人类食用时,也是通过清除人体内血管,起到排毒功效,具有抗菌、抗氧化、清理心血管、提高自身免疫力等作用,提高人体活力。
本复合多糖组合物的制备方法,采用了生物工程的提取技术获得天然的提取物,有效提取组分中的植物多糖、黄酮类、皂甙类、生物碱、有机酸、维生素和天然矿物质,其中多种营养成分和生物活性物质,兼有营养性和药物性的双重作用,既能促进机体糖代谢、促进蛋白质和酶的合成,又能增加机体抗体效价、刺激性腺发育,具有杀菌抑菌、调节机体免疫功能以及非特异性抗菌作用。从而达到提高动物生产性能和饲料利用率,降低饲养成本的目的。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种无抗生素、无残留、无污染的生态养殖技术。
本发明提供的一种复合多糖组合物,包括以下组分:
5-10重量份的七叶一枝花、2-5重量份的淡竹叶、18-25重量份的盐肤木根、0.1-2重量份的金钱草、10-20重量份的板蓝根、20-23重量份的红薯、28-35重量份的干海带、2-5重量份的竹炭粉。
优选地,所述七叶一枝花为七叶一枝花全草;淡竹叶为淡竹叶全草;金钱草为金钱草全草。
优选地,所述红薯为鲜红薯。
优选地,所述竹炭粉为精制竹炭粉。
优选地,所述组分具体为:5-6重量份的七叶一枝花、4-5重量份的淡竹叶、18-20重量份的盐肤木根、0.1-1重量份的金钱草、15-20重量份的板蓝根、20重量份的红薯、28-30重量份的干海带、4-5重量份的竹炭粉。
本发明的竹炭为竹炭颗粒,经研磨处理后为竹炭粉,文中描述的竹炭即竹炭粉为同一物质,在制备过程中仅经过研磨等。
本精制竹炭粉的定义是选取精制竹炭颗粒,后经研磨处理成精制竹炭粉,该精制竹炭的定义是参数为:颗粒碳含水量在16~18%,表面积比为580~600m2/g。
本复合多糖组合物的具体实施方式可以为包括的组分为:
5-6重量份的七叶一枝花全草、4-5重量份的淡竹叶全草、18-20重量份的盐肤木根、0.1-1重量份的金钱草全草、15-20重量份的板蓝根、20重量份的鲜红薯、28-30重量份的干海带、4-5重量份的精制竹炭粉。
本发明还提供一种复合多糖组合物的制备方法,用于制备上述任意一种所述的复合多糖组合物,包括以下步骤:
(1)取上述组分:七叶一枝花、淡竹叶、盐肤木根、金钱草、板蓝根、红薯、干海带,洗净,无菌阴干,各组分粉碎后备用;
(2)按照上述所述组分的重量份进行混合,在100-120℃下蒸制完全,然后自然冷却至常温;
(3)将蒸制后的组分置于温度为25-28℃下添加红曲,发酵7-15天,得到发酵后的半成品;
(4)将半成品过滤去渣,得到原液,将原液置于温度为80-85℃下灭菌;
(5)灭菌的原液用块状竹炭吸附7-15天,然后低温风干竹炭、碾碎,得到竹炭粉及原液混合物;
(6)向竹炭粉及原液混合物加入铝硅酸盐,混合,粉碎,得到混合物;
(7)使用风选机将混合物中的竹炭粉去除,接着添加碳酸钙,混合完成得到所述复合多糖组合物。
优选地,所述干海带为海带干经步骤(1)的洗净、无菌阴干和粉碎后,再经提取得到的海带提取物。
优选地,海带提取物的提取方法为:
取每3.2g海带加入104U褐藻胶裂解酶进行酶解,酶解后进行超声波处理,离心后得到上清液即为海带提取物。
优选地,海带提取物的提取方法为:
将步骤(1)备用的干海带置于密闭容器中,并在温度为零下30~零下20℃之间进行完全冷冻,接着在温度为25~30℃下待其完全解冻,重复2-3次;
按干海带:纯净水=1:10的重量份比例,酸碱度为pH=9的条件下,进行:水浴加热至40-45℃,保温1小时,接着充分搅拌10-15min;重复水浴加热、保温、搅拌3-8次;
按干海带重量的0.1%添加褐藻胶裂解酶和2%复合酶,在温度为40-45℃下按速率为300-500r/min的搅拌3-8小时,接着再按照速率为3000-4000r/min离心10-20min,固液分离,上清液即为海带提取物。
褐藻胶裂解酶参数为1000U/mL;
复合酶为果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶,所述果胶酶、所述纤维素酶和所述蛋白酶的比例为1:1:1,参数为2万U/mL。
本提取方法,通过速冻速暖的方法,降低细胞壁活性,迫使海带细胞处于容易破损的状态,部分细胞会直接产品破裂,从而再进行水浴和搅拌,有效提高提取量。
复合多糖组合物的制备方法的具体实施例可以为,包括以下步骤:
(1)取上述组分:七叶一枝花、淡竹叶、盐肤木根、金钱草、板蓝根、红薯、干海带,洗净,无菌阴干,各组分粉碎后备用;
(2)按照上述所述组分的重量份进行混合,在100-120℃下蒸制完全,然后自然冷却至常温;
(3)将蒸制后的组分置于温度为25-28℃下添加红曲,发酵7-15天,得到发酵后的半成品;
红曲添加量的重量份比为:组分(七叶一枝花、淡竹叶、盐肤木根、金钱草、板蓝根、红薯和干海带):红曲=100:2-5;
(4)将半成品过滤去渣,得到原液,将原液置于温度为80-85℃下灭菌;
(5)灭菌的原液用块状竹炭吸附7-15天,然后低温风干竹炭、碾碎,得到竹炭粉及原液混合物;
(6)向竹炭粉及原液混合物加入铝硅酸盐,混合,粉碎,得到混合物;
铝硅酸盐添加量的重量比为:组分(以经步骤5制备的组分计算):铝硅酸盐=或≈1:1;
(7)使用风选机将混合物中的竹炭粉去除,接着添加碳酸钙,混合完成得到所述复合多糖组合物;
碳酸钙添加量的重量比为组分(以经步骤6制备的组分计算):碳酸钙=1:2。
下面通过对各组分进行详细描述:
七叶一枝花,及其全草,为百合科重楼属的植物,其化学成分富含七叶一枝花皂苷A,蚤休皂苷A、B,七叶一枝花皂苷C、D、E、F、G、H,蚤休甾酮(parister-one)、肌酐(creatinine)和氨基酸等。具有败毒抗癌、消肿止痛、清热定惊、镇咳平喘的功效。
经实验验证,七叶一枝花的抗菌功效表现为水浸剂和煎剂在体外对伤寒杆菌、甲型副伤寒杆菌、志贺和福氏痢疾杆菌均有抑制作用,生药水浸剂比煎剂抗菌作用强。其醇提取物有明显的镇静、镇痛作用。
七叶一枝花对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用。
其在体外对宋内痢疾杆菌、黏质沙雷杆菌、大肠杆菌、敏感和耐药金黄色葡萄球菌均有明显的抑制作用;对流感甲型病毒及流感亚洲甲型病毒均有抑制作用,有杀灭钩端螺旋体作用,同浓度的水煎剂则无此作用。体外可抑制HeLa瘤株、L929瘤株生长;在体内实验中,对艾氏腹水瘤EAC有效;总皂苷亦可抑制H22实体瘤的生长。
七叶一枝花全草是七叶一枝花中功效最强的部位,也是最便于制备的部位。
淡竹叶,及其全草,为禾本科,淡竹叶属多年生草本植物。其化学成分茎、叶含三萜化合物:芦竹素、印白茅素、蒲公英甾醇和无羁萜;地上部分含酚性成分、氨基酸、有机酸、糖类。
淡竹叶中含有大量的黄酮类化合物和生物性多糖及其他有效成分,如酚酸类化合物、蒽醌类化合物、萜类内酯、特种氨基酸和活性锰、锌、硒等微量元素。淡竹叶中所含的功能因子主要是黄酮糖苷和香豆素类内酯。
淡竹叶提取物有效成份包括黄酮、酚酸、蒽醌、内脂、多糖、氨基酸、微量元素等,具有优良的抗自由基、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、降血脂、预防心脑血管疾病保护肝脏、扩张毛细血管、疏通微循环、活化大脑促进记忆、改善睡眠、抗癌症、美化肌肤等功效。
竹叶黄酮因其分子量小已被人体吸收,能有效清除自由基和酯质过氧化物并阻断强致癌物质N-亚硝酸胺化合物的合成,能显著提高机体免于能力,抵御疾病,能调节血压,降低血脂,改善脑部缺血,同时具有优质活性成分和抗疲劳、抗衰老的生物功效。
经现代药理实验验证,淡竹叶有解热作用、利尿作用、抑菌作用,还有抗肿瘤、升高血糖作用。在利尿的同时,能明显增加尿中氯化物的排泄量。抑菌具体表现在其水煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌有抑制作用。
盐肤木根,为漆树科植物盐肤木的树根。其主要功能有清热解毒、散瘀止血的作用。具有驱风、化湿、消肿、软坚的功效。就药理而言,其具有增加冠脉流量作用、抗菌作用、抗病毒作用。
其主要成分包括:三萜类化合物有9个,分属于达玛烷型、木栓烷型、羽扇豆烷型,其中半翅盐肤木内酯和半翅盐肤木酸等从罗氏盐肤木茎皮分离得到。3-酮-6-β-羟基-齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸、3-酮-6-β-羟基-齐墩果烷-18-烯-28-酸、桦木醇和白桦酮酸也分别从盐肤木根中分离得到。
黄酮类化合物有10个,槲皮素、漆黄素、3',4',7-三羟基黄酮、二氢漆黄素、盐肤木查尔酮A、梨根苷和盐肤木双黄酮A等。
鞣质与酚酸类从盐肤木中分离得到鞣质与酚酸类化合物共13个:没食子酸、没食子酸乙酯、没食子酸甲酯、莽草酸甲酯、3,5-二羟基甲苯、3-羟基-5一甲基苯酚-1-o-β-D-(6'-没食子酸)葡萄糖呋喃苷、3-羟基-5一甲基苯酚-1-o-β-D-(6'-没食子酸)葡萄糖),3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基--1-o-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃)、2[2,3二羟基-1-(4-羟苯基)丙基]-5-甲基苯-1,3-二醇、五没食子酰基葡萄糖、盐肤木内酯A等。
多糖和其他类多糖,是动、植物体内重要的生物活性物质。盐肤木根多糖主要由半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸等组成。
盐肤木根有效成分:含鞣质50%-70%,有些地区的甚至高达80%的,主要为没食子酰基葡萄糖,尚有游离没食子酸及脂肪、树脂、淀粉;还有有机酸,包括苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸等。
金钱草报春花科珍珠菜属植物过路黄的新鲜或干燥全草。
其化学性质是芳香型含多量单萜酮,主要成分是l-蒎莰酮、l-薄荷酮和l-胡薄荷酮;还含有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、对-聚伞花素、异薄荷酮、异蒎莰酮、芳樟醇、薄荷醇、α-松油醇。除上述挥发油成分外,还含熊果酸、β-谷甾醇、棕榈酸、琥珀酸、多种氨基酸、鞣质、苦味质、胆碱、硝酸钾等。
金钱草提取物为唇形科植物活血丹的全草提取物,主要含酚性成分、甾醇、黄酮类、氨基酸、鞣质、挥发油及胆碱等。
其功能具有清热解毒、清利湿热、通淋、利尿排石、消肿等功效。
药理作用:利胆排石作用,实验验证金钱草煎剂对大鼠、犬均有一定的利胆作用。利尿排石作用,金钱草的醇不溶物中的多糖成分对一水草酸钙的结晶生长有抑制作用;在不加晶种时,金钱草的多糖部分可以延缓一水草酸钙的成核,即延长结晶的诱导期,其1.94×10-5g生药/ml所提多糖的作用效价相当于正常人的尿液对一水草酸钙结晶生长的抑制作用。抗炎作用,金钱草对动物急炎症渗出反应与慢性渗出反应均有非常显著的抑制作用。对组织胺引起的小鼠血管通透性增加、巴豆油所致的小鼠耳部炎症、新鲜蛋清所致大鼠关节肿胀及棉球肉芽肿均有显著抑制作用。还证明其抗炎有效部位为总黄酮及酚酸物。抑菌作用,平板法实验表明金钱草冲剂对肺炎双球菌有抑制作用。对乙型肝炎病毒抑制作用的体外试验表明,金钱草对HBsAg呈可凝的抑制作用;金钱草对金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑制作用。镇痛作用,以扭体法及热板法均证明金钱草有一定的镇痛作用。
板蓝根,其有效成分包括:菘蓝的根部含靛甙、靛红、靛蓝、菘蓝甙B、尿苷、尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤、水杨酸、青黛酮、胡萝卜甙、β-谷甾醇、板蓝根乙素、丙素和丁素;还含有γ-谷甾醇以及多种氨基酸,如精氨酸,谷氨酸。
其功能包括适应病症适用泛围广,对多种细菌与病毒有抑制作用,特别对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌作用显著。
其药理有:抗菌抗病毒作用,板蓝根对多种细菌有作用。水浸液对枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,八联球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒甲杆菌、痢疾(志贺氏、弗氏)杆菌、肠炎杆菌等都有抑制作用。抗钩端螺旋体作用;解毒作用;提高免疫功能,板蓝根多糖能明显增强抗体形成细胞功能。
红薯,又称番薯,营养齐全而丰富,富含蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、磷、钙、钾、胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2和8种氨基酸。
其蛋白质含量、胡萝卜素含量、维生素A含量是同类农作物3-100倍不等。
干海带,是由鲜海带晒干而成,再通过一定手段提取海带的提取物。海带,具有丰富营养价值的海洋性蔬菜,具有丰富的海藻多糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿物质,还具有细胞分裂素、生长素、酚类等生长调节物质和抗生物质,还具有一般陆生植物不能比拟的碘、钾、钙、铁、锰、钛等成分。从海带中提出的多糖类碳水化合物海藻酸,是一种重要的活性物质。
海带提取物,以海带科植物海带的叶状为原料,经物理、化学或生物技术破碎细胞壁,提取细胞内物质。该物质含有大量的海藻多糖、甘露醇、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、植物激素和甜菜碱等多种植物生理活性物质。具有抗氧化、抗凝血、抗肿瘤、抗菌、降血压、抗辐射等多种药理作用。
而在中医学上来说,原生海带是一种寒凉的物质,大量食用原生海带会导致人体虚汗,在脾胃上尤其明显,但是原生海带内含着丰富的营养物质,故本发明通过将海带内有效物质提取出来,实现海带营养物的有效利用,同时能避免中医学上讨论的原生海带寒凉问题。
海带提取物有抗氧化作用,从其提取出来的乙酸乙酯能清除多种自由基的能力均高于抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基,且呈剂量依赖性;海带多酚和海带多糖均具有抗氧化活性。
海带提取物具有抗肿瘤作用,多个实验显示以不同剂量海带多糖灌胃小鼠,结果表明海带多糖能够显著增强正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠的T淋巴细胞增殖能力,并能提高NK细胞活性。以不同浓度的海带硫酸多糖处理HeLa细胞,发现其不仅能抑制人宫颈癌细胞株的生长,而且可以调控bc-l2蛋白与NF-JB p65的表达来影响宫颈癌细胞凋亡。用MTT法测定海带多酚粗提物的抗肿瘤活性时,发现其对A549、P388、BEL-7402、Hela等癌细胞都有一定的抑制作用。
海带提取物具有抗菌作用,对枯草芽胞杆菌、大肠杆菌、四联球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较明显的抑制作用,提取物稀释扔对菌种有抑制作用。
海带提取物具有降血糖作用,其多糖物质能明显降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖和尿素氮,增加糖尿病小鼠的血清钙和血清胰岛素含量,对四氧嘧啶所致的胰岛损伤具有明显的恢复作用,海带多糖对糖尿病小鼠有降血糖及保护胰岛细胞的功能。
海带提取物具有防辐射作用,海带多糖对生殖系统受到电离辐射损伤的雄性大鼠性功能有明显改善作用,表现为其能缩短阴茎勃起潜伏期和骑跨潜伏期。每日受紫外线照射,海带多糖高剂量组小鼠的皮肤组织丙二醛、过氧化氢含量降低,过氧化氢酶、羟脯氨酸、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA、SO、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及血清NO水平都升高。同时超微电镜显示,该组小鼠的MVEC细胞膜完整,线粒体嵴清晰。表明海带多糖能够增强皮肤的抗氧化能力,调节皮肤胶原蛋白的合成,保护皮肤MVEC细胞。
海带提取物具有抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用,海带多糖灌胃的受试小鼠进行连续10日的抗疲劳及密闭缺氧试验,发现受试小鼠负重游泳时间和常压缺氧下存活时间显著延长,血红蛋白含量明显升高,表明海带多糖有较好的耐缺氧效应和抗疲劳作用。通过对缺氧小鼠的血气分析,再次证明海带多糖可提高缺氧小鼠组织对于氧气的利用率。
海带提取物具有免疫调节作用海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有较好的免疫活性,对T细胞和巨噬细胞有直接作用,可对免疫低下的小鼠进行较好的免疫调节。
海带提取物具有抗凝血和抗血栓形成作用,海带多糖可显著延长家兔血活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和全血凝固时间(CT),且有明显的剂量效应,表明海带细胞壁多糖有一定的抗凝血作用。海带中的低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能通过抑制外源性凝血途径中的组织因子途径,进而抑制血栓的形成。比较血管全阻塞的时间发现抗血栓能力随藻聚糖硫酸酯分子量的增大而增强。
本发明的干海带可以通过以下任意一种方式提取海带提取物:
(1)取每3.2g海带加入104U褐藻胶裂解酶进行酶解,酶解后进行超声波处理,离心后得到上清液即为海带提取物。
(2)将步骤(1)备用的干海带置于密闭容器中,并在温度为零下30~零下20℃之间进行完全冷冻,接着在温度为25~30℃下待其完全解冻,重复2-3次;
按干海带:纯净水=1:10的重量份比例,酸碱度为pH=9的条件下,进行:水浴加热至40-45℃,保温1小时,接着充分搅拌10-15min;重复水浴加热、保温、搅拌3-8次;
按干海带重量的0.1%添加褐藻胶裂解酶和2%复合酶,在温度为40-45℃下按速率为300-500r/min的搅拌3-8小时,接着再按照速率为3000-4000r/min离心10-20min,固液分离,上清液即为海带提取物。
褐藻胶裂解酶参数为1000U/mL;
复合酶为果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶,所述果胶酶、所述纤维素酶和所述蛋白酶的比例为1:1:1,参数为2万U/mL。
竹炭粉,是竹炭经过研磨碾碎而成。
竹炭是以三年生以上高山毛竹为原料,经近千度高温烧制而成的一种炭。竹炭具有疏松多孔的结构,其分子细密多孔,质地坚硬。有很强的吸附能力,能净化空气、消除异味、吸湿防霉、抑菌驱虫。
本发明还利用相关机理:
本复合多糖组合物是纯天然植物提取物,是具有良好功能的绿色饲料添加剂。天然植物提取物饲料添加剂由于种类繁多、结构复杂、成分多样,决定了不同性味药物组成的天然植物提取物饲料添加剂具有不同的功效。但归纳起来,其作用机理主要有:
1、从传统中兽医药学的理论分析,植物复方提取物饲料添加剂的作用机理大致由下列六个方面的作用组合而发挥作用:
1)理气消食,助脾健胃。即具有调理、疏通气机,消食健胃,健脾养胃等作用。能增加动物消化液的分泌,促进动物采食和营养物质的消化吸收,又对慢性、急性胃肠炎等消化道疾病有良好的防治作用。
2)活血散瘀、旺盛血循,促进新代谢。即具有能舒筋活络、松皮活血、旺盛血液循环,促进新陈代谢等作用的性味药物,能直接或间接地扩张血管,引起血液循环旺盛,增强胃肠消化功能,加速物质的消化吸收。
3)补气壮阳,养血滋阴。即具有补虚扶正,调节阴阳之不足,增强机体抗病力等作用。
4)清热解毒、杀菌抗菌。即具有清解里热,解毒消肿,消疽散结和抑制或杀灭细菌等作用。
5)驱虫除积。即能杀死或驱除畜体内的寄生虫、润通利便等作用。
6)安神定惊、开窍行气。即能镇静安神、宣通开窍等作用。
2、从现代药理学和营养学的理论分析,中草药含抗菌成份、生物碱、多糖、甙类、挥发油、鞣质、有机酸等生物活性物质,同时还含有一定数量的氨基酸、矿物质、维生素、未知生长调节因子和色素。因而植物复方提取物饲料添加剂的作用机理,大致是通过发挥营养、提高非特异性免疫力、产生激素样、抗应激、维生素样、抗饲料的氧化和霉变等作用,调节机体的免疫功能及非特异性抗菌作用,通过所含的营养成份与未知生长调节因子,直接和间接地激活机体的生化反应,增强生物合成作用来实现的。
1)促进生长方面。天然植物提取物的组分较复杂,其一方面由于富含蛋白质、糖、脂肪、淀粉、维生素等营养物质,能在一定程度上促进动物生长,另一方面则含有特殊的天然成分,能在提高动物消化性能、改善代谢功能、促进生长激素分泌等方面发挥作用。众多研究表明,天然植物提取物能促进动物生长,且效果等同甚至优于抗生素。
2)通过抗菌、抑菌、杀菌物质和免疫活性物质的作用,提高机体的免疫力。天然植物提取物抗菌防病的作用机理包括直接抑杀与间接抑杀病原菌两个方面。直接抑杀病原菌主要是植物中含有一些特别的生理活性物质,植物提取物中的化学活性物质可以通过杀菌,通过对细菌选择性抑制从而有利于消化道菌群的生态平衡,保证肠道健康,提高动物对营养成分的吸收利用,且在动物体内却没有任何残留和副作用及体外的残留排出物。间接抑杀病原菌机制主要包括:含有特定的免疫活性物质,通过提高动物免疫能力达到抑菌抗病的目的,如植物多糖类;含有有机酸类,可以调节饲料及动物肠胃PH,改变了病原菌的适生环境,从而抑制病原细菌的繁殖;含有解毒成分,促进细菌毒素的降解,减少对动物机体的损害。
天然植物提取物的抗病毒作用也主要是直接抑杀与间接抑杀两个方面。直接抑杀主要是植物特定的活性成分直接作用于病毒,抑制病毒的生物合成,阻止病毒穿入寄主细胞或抑制病毒释放。间接抑杀主要是通过增加和调节机体免疫能力发挥作用的。
清热解毒类中草药抗病原微生物效果尤为显著,在抑制病原微生物的同时,还能激发动物有机体抗感染的免疫力,增强细胞和肝脏网状内皮系统的吞噬功能,促进抗体形成,抑制对抗体产生破坏性的免疫反应,使炎症部位毛细血管的通透性改善,抑制其渗出和限制炎症的发展,有镇痛、解毒和修补被损组织,加强垂体、肾上腺皮质活动的功能,增强机体的抗应激能力。据报道,多糖具有促进胸腺液反应,有宿主中介作用,刺激网状内皮系统,提高宿主对癌细胞的特异性抗原免疫反应能力;生物碱也是具有明显增强体液与细胞免疫功能,刺激巨噬细胞吞噬功能;甙类对加强网状内皮系统吞噬功能,并能促进抗体生成,促进抗原抗体反应和淋巴细胞转化等功能;有机酸类则能增强巨噬细胞的特异吞噬功能,破坏癌细胞染色体,增强机体免疫功能;
2)通过有机酸调节胃肠内的PH值,防止胃肠内有害细菌的繁殖和通过提高酶的活性等作用,促进动物体内正常的新陈代谢,从而提高营养物质的利用率,促进了动物生产性能的发挥。有机酸类还能增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,增强机体免疫力。
3)通过未知生长因子和具有生物活性的激素、类激素物质或维生素样等作用,调控机体代谢,促进动物生产性能的发挥。
4)通过具有解毒和促进毒素及重金属排出物质的作用,提高机体的健康水平,提高禽畜产品品质。植物提取物所含的生物活性物质具有净化体内环境和改善肉质的作用。生物活性物质通过促进畜禽体内的新陈代谢和加强体液循环过程,帮助净化肝内环境,加快肝细胞的繁殖,增强肝细胞活力和解毒能力,帮助清除体内自由基和重金属元素。活性物质所具有的抗氧化功能,能延缓畜禽体细胞老化速度,减少体内脂肪氧化反应和胆固醇的合成,增加畜禽产品中多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3FA)的含量,同时提高畜禽产品的品质和风味。
本发明是利用天然植物精华,盐肤木、七叶一枝花、金钱草、淡竹叶、板篮根、红薯、海带作为基础原材料,使用低温处理的手段,使用竹炭的特性吸附有效物质,后碾碎,再去除,本复合多糖组合物具有清除血液毒素、清洁心血管的功效。
本发明的复合多糖组合物无抗、无残、无污染,作为禽畜和水产养殖饲料添加剂,无需添加任何抗生素和药物,目的是调整禽畜和水产动物的体内血管畅通。
在饲养过程中利用动物粪便降解剂配制及应用技术、水质解毒剂配制及应用技术、塘底清洁解毒剂配制及应用技术,天然植物驱虫剂配制及应用技术,培澡基(水产、畜禽)配制及应用技术,动物体内排毒剂(水产、畜禽)配制及应用技术,实现动物的全过程无抗、无污染生态养殖,能实现动物肉品无抗、无残。
下面通过实施例对本发明进行进一步描述:
实施例1
按照制备复合多糖组合物的步骤,完成干海带纯净水洗净,置于无菌室阴干,粉碎,取300g。
实施例2
按照制备复合多糖组合物的步骤,干海带为干海带提取物。
取实施例1制备的干海带,进行以下步骤:按照每3.2g海带加入104U褐藻胶裂解酶的比例添加褐藻胶裂解酶,进行酶解,酶解后进行超声波处理,离心后得到上清液即为海带提取物。
取300g干海带提取物。
实施例3
按照制备复合多糖组合物的步骤,干海带为干海带提取物,提取方法与实施例2不同。
本干海带提取物的提取方法为:
将步骤(1)备用的干海带置于密闭容器中,并在温度为零下30℃之间进行完全冷冻,接着在温度为28℃下待其完全解冻,重复2-3次;
按干海带:纯净水=1:10的重量份比例,酸碱度为pH=9的条件下,进行:水浴加热至40℃,保温1小时,接着充分搅拌10min;重复水浴加热、保温、搅拌6次;
按干海带重量的0.1%添加褐藻胶裂解酶和2%复合酶,在温度为40-45℃下按速率为500r/min的搅拌3-8小时,接着再按照速率为4000r/min离心15min,固液分离,上清液即为海带提取物;
其中,褐藻胶裂解酶参数为1000U/mL;复合酶为果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶,所述果胶酶、所述纤维素酶和所述蛋白酶的比例为1:1:1,参数为2万U/mL。
将实施例1、2、3制得的干海带及其提取物,浓缩至可溶性固体物,分别进行营养成分的检测,包括有机质、甘露醇、海藻酸、葡聚糖、岩藻糖、蛋白质、灰分、碘、氮、磷、钾、钠、铁、铜、锌、锰。
实验数据为实施例3≥实施例2>实施例1,可见,经过实施例2或实施例3制备的干海带提取物效果均优于实施例1的干海带。
本发明的复合多糖组合物目前作为饲料添加剂进行了水产品和禽畜的饲养试验,经检测养殖禽畜肉品,未检出抗生素和其他毒素残留,重金属残留远低于国家标准和欧盟标准,获得了非常理想的效果。
本产品通过对猪、鸡、鸭、鱼、虾、甲鱼等禽畜和水产养殖试验,具有清除血液毒素、清洁心血管,快速清除体内毒素和重金属并排除体外;具有非特异性抗菌作用,能直接杀菌抑菌,对病原微生物不易产生抗药性,可替代抗生素类饲料添加剂;能够疏通毛细血管,调节毛细血管微循环;具有调理动物肠胃益生菌的功能,促进肠道消化吸收,提高机体免疫力;能够调节机体免疫机能,有效改善养殖产品的肉质和风味,提高生产性能等功效。以植物提取物有效成分替代抗生素的研究,已成为新型抗生素来源的研究热点。本发明的复合多糖组合作为植物复方提取物饲料添加剂顺应了发展趋势,在饲料添加剂应用上有巨大的发展潜力和广阔的市场前景。.
复合多糖组合以0.05%-0.1%的比例添加于畜禽及水产动物饲料中,有效成份进入动物体内后,动物能最快、最大程度地吸收利用,解决了传统中草药药效慢的问题。
具体详见实施例4-6。
实施例4
制备复合多糖组合物,包括步骤:
A1、取七叶一枝花全草、淡竹叶全草、盐肤木根、金钱草全草、板蓝根、鲜红薯、干海带适量,纯净水洗净,置于无菌室阴干,各组分粉碎后分别放置,备用。
A2、从步骤A1中取七叶一枝花全草50g、淡竹叶全草40g、盐肤木根180g、金钱草全草5g、板蓝根150g、鲜红薯200g、干海带300g混合,在110℃下蒸制完全,然后自然冷却至常温25~30℃之间;
A3、将步骤A2得到的混合物置于温度为28℃添加红曲20g,发酵15天,得到发酵后半成品;
A4、将半成品过滤去渣,得到原液,将原液置于温度为80-85℃下灭菌;
A5、经灭菌的原液用50g块状精制竹炭吸附15天,接着低温风干,碾碎,得到竹炭粉及原液混合物;
A6、向步骤A5加入1000g铝硅酸盐,混合,粉碎;
A7、用风选机将混合物中的竹炭粉去除,接着添加碳酸钙,混合完成得到复合多糖组合物,整个制备过程完成。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例4基本一致,不同的是:七叶一枝花全草50g、淡竹叶全草50g、盐肤木根200g、金钱草全草5g、板蓝根150g、鲜红薯200g、干海带300g混合。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例4基本一致,不同的是:本实施例还结合了实施例2的干海带提取物。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例4基本一致,不同的是:本实施例还结合了实施例3的干海带提取物。
将实施例4、5、6、7制得的复合多糖组合物,分组,添加至猪饲料喂养猪禽,猪饲料选用无任何添加剂的糟渣类,糟渣类为酿造、制粉和制粮的副产品,养殖期为180天。
将各组猪送至<农业部食品质量监督检验测试中心(湛江)>进行检验,下面为该检验结果:
可见,通过本方法制备的复合多糖组合物作为添加剂喂养禽畜和水产,可以通过清除禽畜和水产生物体内血管,实现祛毒功效,从而使得禽畜和水产生物保持健康,进而避免使用添加抗生素等药物,是一种无抗生素、无残留、无污染的生态养殖技术。
本发明还适用于人类,以本发明的制备方法制备复合多糖组合物,命名为1号复合粉剂,下面以5个真实案例进行详细论述:
案例1
袁某,男。
50岁体检:2018年7月于南方医科大学珠江医院体检,检查结果(只显示偏高项):
项目名称 | 检查结果 | 单位 | 参考值 | 提示 |
总胆固醇 | 6.13 | mmol/L | 3.40-6.00 | 偏高 |
甘油三酯 | 2.46 | mmol/L | 0.40-1.80 | 偏高 |
尿酸 | 495 | μmol/L | 210-420 | 偏高 |
50岁体检结论:主动脉硬化,总胆固醇偏高,甘油三酯偏高,尿酸偏高。
治疗:服用中成药,配合复合粉剂服用约4个月。
51岁体检:2019年5月于南方医科大学珠江医院体检,检查结果(只显示与上相同项目):
项目名称 | 检查结果 | 单位 | 参考值 | 提示 |
总胆固醇 | 5.63(下降) | mmol/L | 3.40-6.00 | |
甘油三酯 | 3.08 | mmol/L | 0.40-1.80 | 偏高 |
尿酸 | 473(下降) | μmol/L | 210-420 | 偏高 |
51岁体检结论:甘油三酯偏高,尿酸偏高。
而50岁体检中的“主动脉硬化,总胆固醇偏高”的问题已恢复正常。
袁某感受:感觉精神比以前佳,不再失眠。目前继续服用复合粉剂。
案例2
成某,女,68岁,2018年3月入佛山市顺德区第一人民医院。2018年4月出院诊断说明书的出院诊断:1、脑梗死(左侧小脑及双侧脑干);2、基底动脉中段、左侧颈内动脉重度狭窄;3、高脂血症;4、冠心病、三支血管病变、左冠状动脉支架植入术后心功能Ⅱ级;5、高血压病3级,很高危组;6、2型糖尿病、糖尿病肾病。
出院时需靠拐杖走路,言语表达欠佳,精神差,家人照顾起居饮食。
开始服用复合粉剂,3个月后能不需要拐杖走路,精神佳,生活自理,甚至能自制辣椒酱到市场销售,平时散步打麻将。
案例3
患者女,51岁,职业农民,2次入院治疗。
第一次于2019年4月进入中山大学附属第一医院,一个月后出院,诊断为直肠恶性肿瘤。全麻下行“直肠癌根治术+腹腔粘连松解术+肠粘连松解术”,术后恢复良好,予以出院。医嘱2周后回院接受化疗。
患者及其家属担心化疗副作用明显,无法坚持下去,故没按出院医嘱2周后回院化疗治疗,坚持服用中药、复合粉剂和健脾汤方煲汤调理,症状逐步好转。至2019年8月重新到中山大学附属第一医院复查。
第二次住院检查为“直肠术后改变,扫描范围内未见肿瘤复发及转移征象”,住院期间口服药物化疗7天。
一周后患者出院,自觉化疗药物反应大,恶心呕吐,精神差,胃口差,自行停药。继续用中药+复合粉剂,煲汤调理至今,身体逐渐好转,胃口精神佳,无腹痛腹胀,面色红润,重新从事农活,无特殊不适。
案例4
陈某,男,45岁,反复双下肢汗藓,又称花斑癣,中医称紫白癜风。
只涂抹外擦药膏,好了很快又复发,但疤痕明显无退,持续2年。
第三年开始服用中药、复合粉剂,涂抹外擦药膏,6个月后皮肤恢复以前的正常样子。
案例5
某某,男,58岁,二次脑梗塞后肢体乏力,手脚麻痹,行动欠灵活。至医院进行颈部血管彩超,检查部位是颈部血管。
超声提示为:双侧颈动脉内膜增厚伴斑块(多发);左侧颈动脉球部狭窄(50-69%);左侧椎动脉管径细小并闭塞;左侧颈内动脉流速减慢,呈高阻型血流频谱改变;右侧锁骨下动脉斑块。
食用中药、中成药和复合粉剂3个月,头晕头痛明显减轻,肢体无麻痹感,行动如常人,生活自理。
上述5个案例显示,本复合粉剂可以作为辅助食用,疏通心血管,从而提高中药和中成药对人体的效力,使得上述患者恢复程度较普通患者高。
以上对本发明所提供的一种复合多糖组合物及其制备方法进行了详细介绍,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明实施例的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合多糖组合物,其特征在于,包括以下组分:
5-10重量份的七叶一枝花、2-5重量份的淡竹叶、18-25重量份的盐肤木根、0.1-2重量份的金钱草、10-20重量份的板蓝根、20-23重量份的红薯、28-35重量份的干海带、2-5重量份的竹炭粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合多糖组合物,其特征在于,所述七叶一枝花为七叶一枝花全草;淡竹叶为淡竹叶全草;金钱草为金钱草全草。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合多糖组合物,其特征在于,所述红薯为鲜红薯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合多糖组合物,其特征在于,所述竹炭粉为精制竹炭粉。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的复合多糖组合物,其特征在于,所述组分具体为:5-6重量份的七叶一枝花、4-5重量份的淡竹叶、18-20重量份的盐肤木根、0.1-1重量份的金钱草、15-20重量份的板蓝根、20重量份的红薯、28-30重量份的干海带、4-5重量份的竹炭粉。
6.一种复合多糖组合物的制备方法,用于制备权利要求1~5中任意一种所述的复合多糖组合物,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取上述组分:七叶一枝花、淡竹叶、盐肤木根、金钱草、板蓝根、红薯、干海带,洗净,无菌阴干,各组分粉碎后备用;
(2)按照权利要求1~5中任意一项所述组分的重量份进行混合,在100-120℃下蒸制完全,然后自然冷却至常温;
(3)将蒸制后的组分置于温度为25-28℃下添加红曲,发酵7-15天,得到发酵后的半成品;
(4)将半成品过滤去渣,得到原液,将原液置于温度为80-85℃下灭菌;
(5)灭菌的原液用块状竹炭吸附7-15天,然后低温风干竹炭、碾碎,得到竹炭粉及原液混合物;
(6)向竹炭粉及原液混合物加入铝硅酸盐,混合,粉碎,得到混合物;
(7)使用风选机将混合物中的竹炭粉去除,接着添加碳酸钙,混合完成得到所述复合多糖组合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合多糖组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述干海带为海带干经步骤(1)的洗净、无菌阴干和粉碎后,再经提取得到的海带提取物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合多糖组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,海带提取物的提取方法为:
取每3.2g海带加入104U褐藻胶裂解酶进行酶解,酶解后进行超声波处理,离心后得到上清液即为海带提取物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的复合多糖组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,海带提取物的提取方法为:
将步骤(1)备用的干海带置于密闭容器中,并在温度为零下30~零下20℃之间进行完全冷冻,接着在温度为25~30℃下待其完全解冻,重复2-3次;
按干海带:纯净水=1:10的重量份比例,酸碱度为pH=9的条件下,进行:水浴加热至40-45℃,保温1小时,接着充分搅拌10-15min;重复水浴加热、保温、搅拌3-8次;
按干海带重量的0.1%添加褐藻胶裂解酶和2%复合酶,在温度为40-45℃下按速率为300-500r/min的搅拌3-8小时,接着再按照速率为3000-4000r/min离心10-20min,固液分离,上清液即为海带提取物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的复合多糖组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,褐藻胶裂解酶参数为1000U/mL;
复合酶为果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶,所述果胶酶、所述纤维素酶和所述蛋白酶的比例为1:1:1,参数为2万U/mL。
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CN115176907B (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-12-22 | 安徽粮牧农业科技有限公司 | 一种反刍动物用发酵饲料及其制作方法 |
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