CN1113648C - 四氢-β-咔啉衍生物作为抗转移瘤剂的用途 - Google Patents

四氢-β-咔啉衍生物作为抗转移瘤剂的用途 Download PDF

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CN1113648C
CN1113648C CN97193568A CN97193568A CN1113648C CN 1113648 C CN1113648 C CN 1113648C CN 97193568 A CN97193568 A CN 97193568A CN 97193568 A CN97193568 A CN 97193568A CN 1113648 C CN1113648 C CN 1113648C
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S·斯宾耐利
E·曼塔
H-W·克莱尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及将具有金属蛋白酶抑制剂活性的式(I)β-咔啉衍生物用于制备具有抗转移瘤性质的药物组合物,所述衍生物在其哌啶环上具有至少一个游离或酯化羧基。

Description

四氢-β-咔啉衍生物作为抗转移瘤剂的用途
技术领域
本发明涉及将四氢-β-咔啉衍生物用于制备具有抗转移瘤性质的药物组合物。
背景技术
转移性肿瘤细胞能够通过下述机理从原发性肿瘤迁移至目标器官:肿瘤细胞穿透血管壁,进入到血流,逐步穿过血管壁,到达目标器官。
穿透血管结缔组织是通过驻留结缔组织细胞释放的金属蛋白酶降解细胞外基质而完成;其中所述驻留结缔组织细胞被肿瘤细胞活化。尽管这种机理在浸入细胞(如肿瘤或炎症性细胞)中以非控制的方式表达且可涉及几种病理,如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、脓毒性关节炎、角膜溃疡、表皮或胃溃疡、冠状血栓形成、蛋白尿症(WO 95/13289),但该机理(非肿瘤细胞也会参与该机理)通常处于与再生结缔组织的动态平衡中。
这种过程涉及三种类型的金属蛋白酶:胶原蛋白酶、明胶酶和溶基质素。在正常条件下,这些金属蛋白酶的释放及其活性受到内生蛋白酶抑制剂(如α2-巨球蛋白)的严格控制。
由此,金属蛋白酶抑制剂可用于治疗上述病理疾病以及损伤病理疾病;由于金属蛋白酶与排卵过程有关,也与子宫壁上的原卵逐步植入有关,所以金属蛋白酶抑制剂还可用作避孕药。特别地,通过金属蛋白酶抑制剂抑制肿瘤转移已公开在下列文献中:Matrisian等人,PNASUSA,83,9413-7(1986);Wilhelm等人,PNAS USA,84,6725-29(1987);Werb等人,细胞生物学杂志(J.Cell Biol.),109,872-89(1989);Liotta等人,实验室研究(Lab.Invest.),49,636-49(1983)。
金属蛋白酶抑制剂公开在US 4,511,504、US 4,568,666、US4,771,037、WO 95/13289中。
人们已经公开了β-咔啉衍生物具有各种药理活性,如抗癌活性[抗癌研究(Anticancer Res.),13(6A),2301-8(1993);抗生素杂志(J.Antibiot.),46(11),1672-7(1993);EP 357,1221、抗溃疡活性[WO92/04348(92年3月19日)]、抗疟活性[J.Nat.Prod.,54(5),1360-7(1991)],或者用作增强抗肿瘤药物吸收的药剂[JP 04275221]。
发明内容
至今还没有公开过这种物质可具有抗转移瘤活性。
我们惊奇地发现式(I)四氢-β-咔啉具有很高的抑制瘤转移过程的活性:
Figure C9719356800061
其中:
R为选自氢、直链或支链(C1-C5)烷基、苯基(任意地被(C1-C5)烷氧基取代)、-(CH2)n-COOH,其中n为1至3的整数;
R1为氢或-COOR4基团,其中R4为氢或(C1-C5)烷基;
R2为氢或上文定义的-COOR4基团;
R3为选自氢、卤素(氯、溴、氟或碘)、(C1-C4)烷氧基、苄氧基。
本发明的目的就是将式(I)化合物用作抗转移瘤剂和肿瘤发作过程的抑制剂。
本发明的另一个目的将式(I)化合物用于制备预防或治疗与基质金属蛋白酶活性有关疾病的药物组合物。
其中治疗的疾病选自:类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、脓毒性关节炎、角膜溃疡、表皮或胃溃疡、冠状血栓形成、蛋白尿症以及损伤病理疾病。所述组合物还可用于预防子宫壁上的排卵或原卵植入。
本发明还包括式(I)化合物的对映体、外消旋物和非对映异构体及其与可药用酸或碱所成的盐。
式(I)化合物优选的实施例包括:
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满(tetrahydronorharmane);
1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-甲酸;
1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-甲基(metil)-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1,3-二甲酸;
1-(二乙基甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
(6-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-基)-3-丙酸;
1-异丁基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-丙基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-甲基-1-甲氧基羰基-6-苄氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1-甲基-1-甲氧基羰基-6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1-甲基-1-甲氧基羰基-6-羟基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1-甲基-1-甲氧基羰基-6-氯-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1-甲基-1-甲氧基羰基-6-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1-甲基-1-甲氧基羰基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满。
本发明所涉及的化合物是已知化合物,它们可市购或从植物提取获得或根据文献(参见如WO 92/04348)报道的方法合成而得。
具体实施方式
在抑制MMP8(人嗜中性胶原蛋白酶)的“体外”药理试验中对本发明化合物进行了试验。通过MMP8的催化区域,所述试验可测定抑制荧光底物(DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Trp-Ala-D-Arg-NH2,M1855Bachem)降解的荧光性。
试剂:
1)DNP-底物=DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Trp-Ala-D-Arg-NH2(M1855 Bachem),M.W.977.1g/mol,浓度25μM(于DMSO中);2)测定缓冲液=50mM TRIS/100mM NaCl/10mM CaCl2·2H2O,利用盐酸调节pH 7.6;3)酶=MMP8的催化区域(92Kda),在TRIS缓冲液中的浓度为0.055mg/ml。利用冰浴维持底物和酶的温度为0℃。
抑制测定:
总体积=维持在搅拌条件下于小杯中的1ml溶液。
对照组:0.98ml DMSO
        0.01ml DNP-底物
        0.01ml酶
测定组:0.98ml DMSO
        0.01ml DNP-底物
        0.01ml酶
        0.01ml抑制剂(10g/ml)。
测定对照组溶液(不含抑制剂)和含有抑制剂的溶液在346nm处的荧光性。MMP8催化活性的抑制可导致DNP-底物的溶解减少,这与溶液的荧光性增加相对应。
抑制百分数可以下式表达:
抑制%=100-(相对单位/时间含有抑制剂/相对单位/时间对照组)×100
通过重复不同浓度时的抑制剂浓度,可测定IC50值。
表I表明了本发明一些有代表性化合物的酶抑制数据。
表I
    化合物     抑制%(浓度μg/ml)   IC50(μg/ml)
  6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满 100(0.1)     0.06
  1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸 100(0.1)     0.07
 6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-甲酸 100(10)     0.05
本发明化合物在“体内”化学浸入试验中也已显示出了活性。在化学浸入试验中,用于细胞培养的Costar Transwell培养室(直径:6.5mm,孔径大小:8μm)涂有100μl IV型胶原蛋白(50μg/ml稀溶液,然后蒸发过夜)。利用相同的步骤,培养室涂有第二层IV型胶原蛋白(100μl浓度为50μg/ml的溶液)。在使用前将培养室在水中浸渍两次,在37℃下于不含血清的培养液(DMEM)中孵育大约1小时。
通过胰蛋白酶-EDTA处理,收集人纤维肉瘤HT1080细胞,利用DMEM+10%FCS洗涤,在37℃下于相同的培养液中孵育至少30分钟。然后利用不含血清的DMEM洗涤细胞,将其悬浮于添加有0.1%BSA(馏份V)的不含血清DMEM中,计数并稀释,得到最终浓度为3×105细胞/ml。
抽吸预孵育的插入物,除去不含血清的培养液。培养室的下段部分填充有600μl DMEM+20% FCS+1% BSA(馏份V)+试验化合物;将含有试验化合物的200μl细胞悬浮液(6×104细胞)加入到上段部分,培养室在含CO2的湿润气氛中于37℃下孵育。在第一个24小时孵育之后,利用新鲜的悬浮液替换下段部分和上段部分的培养液,培养室再孵育24小时。
然后利用PBS洗涤孵育滤液,细胞在4%多聚甲醛中固定15分钟,在甲醇中渗透(10分钟,-20℃),利用May-Grunwald-Giemsa染色。利用棉签分离附着在滤液上部的细胞,从培养室的底部除去滤液,利用显微镜分析而确定滤液底侧的细胞数量。
在不含金属蛋白酶抑制剂的对照试验中,过渡表达的金属蛋白酶HT1080细胞能够降解IV型胶原蛋白并迁移至滤液的底侧。但在含有抑制剂的试验中,金属蛋白酶的活性被部分或全部抑制,迁移至滤液底侧的细胞数量降低。试验的结果可通过对照组和含有抑制剂的试验组的滤液底侧处的细胞数量差异来表达。
表II表明了本发明代表性化合物的数据。
表II
    化合物 化学浸入(浓度,抑制%)   IC50(μg/ml)
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满   10-6M,61.75     0.24
 6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-甲酸   10-7M,56.5     0.2
由上述可知,本发明化合物可用于治疗与底物金属蛋白酶活性有关的疾病,如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、脓毒性关节炎、角膜溃疡、表皮或胃溃疡、冠状血栓形成、蛋白尿症以及损伤病理疾病,或者甚至可用作避孕药。
本发明化合物可以每天每千克体重0.01mg至0.4g的剂量给药。获得最佳效果的优选剂量范围为每天每千克体重大约1mg至大约50mg,如对于70kg体重的患者,可在24小时内给用大约70mg至大约3.5g活性化合物的单位剂量。为了得到最佳的治疗效果,可调节上述剂量范围。例如,给药可考虑到患者的治疗状况。活性化合物可经口、静内、肌内或皮下路径给药。
本发明的药物组合物含有与可药用载体混合的治疗有效量的至少一种本发明化合物。
口服组合物一般包括惰性稀释剂或可食用载体。它们一般包含在明胶胶囊中或被压成片剂。其它口服给药剂型为胶囊、丸剂、酏剂、悬浮液或糖浆。
片剂、丸剂、胶囊及类似的组合物可含有下列成分(除了活性化合物之外):粘合剂,如微晶纤维素、黄蓍胶或明胶;赋形剂,如淀粉或乳糖;崩解剂,如藻酸、primogel、玉米淀粉等;润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁;流化剂,如胶状二氧化硅;甜味剂,如蔗糖或糖精或香味剂,如薄荷香料、水杨酸甲酯或桔黄色香料。当选择的组合物为胶囊剂型时,则可另外含有液体载体,如脂肪油。其它组合物可含有改变其物理形态的物质,例如(片剂或丸剂的)包衣剂,如糖或紫胶。用于组合物制剂中的材料应当是药物纯的且在使用剂量内无毒。
对于非肠道给药的药物组合物制剂,活性成分可包含在溶液或悬浮液中,该制剂可另外含有下列成分:无菌稀释剂,如注射用水、生理盐水溶液、油类、聚乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇或其它合成溶剂;抗菌剂,如苯甲醇;抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸或亚硫酸氢钠;螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸;缓冲剂,乙酸盐、柠檬酸或磷酸盐及用于调节溶液张力的试剂,如氯化钠或葡萄糖。非肠道制剂可包含在安瓿、单剂量注射器、玻璃或塑料小瓶中。

Claims (8)

1.式(I)化合物及其对映体、外消旋物和非对映异构体及与可药用酸和碱所成的盐用于制备具有抗转移瘤活性或抑制肿瘤浸入过程活性的药物组合物的用途,
Figure C9719356800021
其中:
R为选自氢、直链或支链(C1-C5)烷基、苯基;
R1为氢或-COOR4基团,其中R4为氢;
R2为氢或上文定义的-COOR4基团;
R3为选自氢、(C1-C4)烷氧基。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述化合物为:
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-甲酸;
1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1,3-二甲酸;
1-(二乙基甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-异丁基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-丙基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸。
3.根据权利要求2的用途,其中所述化合物为:
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-甲酸。
4.式(I)化合物及其对映体、外消旋物和非对映异构体及与可药用酸和碱所成的盐用于制备预防或治疗与基质金属蛋白酶活性有关疾病的药物组合物的用途,
其中:
R为选自氢、直链或支链(C1-C5)烷基、苯基;
R1为氢或-COOR4基团,其中R4为氢;
R2为氢或上文定义的-COOR4基团;
R3为选自氢、(C1-C4)烷氧基。
5.根据权利要求4的用途,其中所述化合物为:
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-甲酸;
1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1,3-二甲酸;
1-(二乙基甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-异丁基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
1-丙基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸。
6.根据权利要求5的用途,其中所述化合物为:
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满;
1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-3-甲酸;
6-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢诺哈尔满-1-甲酸。
7.根据权利要求4至6任一项所述的用途,其中治疗的疾病选自:类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、脓毒性关节炎、角膜溃疡、表皮或胃溃疡、冠状血栓形成、蛋白尿症以及损伤病理疾病。
8.根据权利要求4至6任一项所述的用途,所述用途为用于预防子宫壁上的排卵或原卵植入。
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