CN111357556A - Method for breeding new variety of vitex rotundifolia on saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for breeding new variety of vitex rotundifolia on saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111357556A CN111357556A CN202010307449.8A CN202010307449A CN111357556A CN 111357556 A CN111357556 A CN 111357556A CN 202010307449 A CN202010307449 A CN 202010307449A CN 111357556 A CN111357556 A CN 111357556A
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- alkali soil
- vitex rotundifolia
- vitex
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia on saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting the processed seeds of the vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil; (2) the proportion of the rooting solution is determined according to the survival rate of the cutting slips by preparing the rooting solution with different concentrations and proportions; (3) investigating whether a mutation branch exists in a single-leaf vitex planting area; if the branch exists, marking and taking a part of the branch to propagate by a vegetative propagation technology; (4) carrying out mutation character observation according to the asexual propagation plants obtained by primary selection, and carrying out continuous 3-generation propagation on stably inherited plants and recording; (5) and investigating the expansion plant obtained by checking, and if the expansion plant continuously keeps the mutation character, the plant is a new variety. The invention establishes a breeding method of a new variety of single-leaf vitex rotundifolia on the saline-alkali soil by observing branches of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia which naturally mutate on the saline-alkali soil and utilizing methods such as vegetative propagation, stability observation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant variety breeding, in particular to a method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia on saline-alkali soil.
Background
The Vitex rotundifolia L is small shrub of Vitex (Vitex) of Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae), is 1.5-5m high, and has fragrance. The single leaf is opposite, the leaf blade is in an inverted oval shape or a nearly round shape, the top end is generally blunt round or has a short tip, the base is wedge-shaped, the whole edge is 2.5-5cm long, and the width is 1.5-3 cm. The twig is quadrangular, the stolon is closely covered with villi, adventitious roots can grow on stem nodes, and each cluster of adventitious roots can grow small plants, so that a single-leaf vitex rotundifolia can form one piece. Growing the cone inflorescence at the top, wherein the cone inflorescence grows to 3-15cm, and the inflorescence peduncle is densely covered by grey-white villi; the flower is bell-shaped, the top end 5 is shallow and cracked, and the outside is provided with villi; the corolla is light purple or bluish purple, the length is 6-10mm, the outer part and the throat part have hair, the corolla has dense long soft hair, the top end is 5 shallowly split, the two lips are shaped, and the middle split of the lower lip is larger; the stamen of the male flower 4 extends out of the corolla; the ovary has no hair and is closely born with the glandular spot; the stigmas were hairless, with 2 chapiters. The stone fruit is nearly round, the diameter is about 5mm, and the stone fruit is black when ripe; the calyx is reserved, the flowering phase is 6-7 months, and the fruit phase is 7-9 months.
The vitex rotundifolia is an excellent ground cover plant, has the characteristics of quick growth, strong stress resistance and easy propagation, has strong wind resistance, drought resistance and saline-alkali resistance, and is particularly suitable for growing in sandy soil and alkaline soil areas. The single-leaf vitex rotundifolia planted in the saline-alkali soil can increase the ground coverage, reduce the soil evaporation, absorb and take away the salt in the soil, thereby reducing the accumulation of the salt in the plough layer. In addition, the vitex rotundifolia also has the effect of improving saline-alkali soil, such as increasing the organic matter content of soil, improving the soil structure, reducing the soil salinity, increasing the porosity of the soil, improving the biological activity of the soil and the like. By utilizing the characteristics of the vitex rotundifolia, the vitex rotundifolia can be planted on the coastal beach, so that the ornamental purpose can be achieved, the coastal saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the effects of wind prevention and sand fixation can be achieved. Can also be planted on saline-alkali soil to achieve the effect of reducing salt and improving soil. Therefore, the saline-alkali soil is scientifically and reasonably treated by using biological improvement measures and taking the saline-alkali soil as an available resource, and the saline-alkali soil is biologically repaired by using the halophyte vitex rotundifolia, so that the saline-alkali soil is optimized and improved by abundant halophyte resources on the earth, and the method has great significance.
The vitex rotundifolia also has medicinal value. The fruit of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia is one of the sources of the commonly used Chinese medicine vitex rotundifolia. Has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind heat, and refreshing mind; can be used for treating wind-heat type common cold, headache, gingival swelling and pain, conjunctival congestion, hyperdacryosis, dim eyesight, dizziness, and blurred vision. Research shows that the chemical components of the fructus viticis contain various volatile oils, and the main components are the camphene and the alkene and flavonoid components, namely vitexin, luteolin and the like. Modern pharmacological studies show that: fructus Viticis has anti-inflammatory, anti-cytotoxic, antibacterial, and analgesic effects, and can be used for treating common cold, fever, tumor, and neuropathic pain. The total flavone is the main analgesic active component, and has pharmacological effects of resisting pathogenic microorganism, resisting inflammation and allergy, relieving fever, etc., and the volatile oil has auxiliary effect.
The cultivation history of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in China is long, the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia has been artificially cultivated in Taihu county in Anqing city in Anhui province over 600 years ago, and bases or special domestication sites with different planting scales are arranged in Taian, tobacco station, Jining and Guangxi Guigang provinces in Shandong province in China. However, in recent years, continuous cultivation or great reduction of cultivation scale is not seen in the traditional cultivation areas, and few parts are cultivated, so that the vitex rotundifolia resource is mainly wild at present. With the new application and the continuous excavation of new functions of the vitex rotundifolia, the market demand for the vitex rotundifolia is increasing. The natural resources of vitex rotundifolia are becoming scarce due to lack of rational protection and thought of as blind cutting. In China, vitex rotundifolia has been listed as a-III level endangered protective species in the famous list of key protective wild plants in China. At present, the research on the vitex rotundifolia at home and abroad mainly focuses on the aspects of chemical components and pharmacological action of vitex rotundifolia, but the research on variety breeding is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method for a new variety of vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil. The invention can combine the technical lines of natural mutation breeding, stability genetic survey, asexual propagation technology and the like to breed a new variety of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia, quickens the breeding speed of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia, and provides a feasible idea for future breeding of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia.
In order to realize the aim, the invention discloses a method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia on saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) planting plants: planting the processed seeds of the vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil;
(2) optimizing the formula of a rooting solution: the proportion of the rooting solution is determined according to the survival rate of the cutting slips by preparing the rooting solution with different concentrations and proportions;
(3) initially selecting a new variety: investigating whether a mutation branch exists in a single-leaf vitex planting area; if the branch exists, marking and taking a part of the branch to propagate by a vegetative propagation technology;
(4) new variety check: carrying out mutation character observation according to the asexual propagation plants obtained by primary selection, and carrying out continuous 3-generation propagation on stably inherited plants and recording;
(5) selecting new varieties: and investigating the expansion plant obtained by checking, and if the expansion plant continuously keeps the mutation character, the plant is a new variety.
Further, the method for identifying the survival rate in the step (2) comprises the following steps: the rooting solution with different concentrations and proportions is used for treating the cuttings and then is uniformly managed, and finally, the optimal rooting solution of the vitex rotundifolia is determined according to the survival condition of the cuttings.
Further, the rooting solution comprises indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid, and the proportion of the indoleacetic acid to the naphthylacetic acid is as follows: 1-4: 1-2, wherein the concentration of the rooting solution is as follows: 200-400 mg/L.
Further, the selection method of the mutant branch in the step (3) comprises the following steps: selecting branches according to different colors shown by the planted varieties; if the flower colors are different, the branch is a mutation branch.
Further, the method for judging stable inheritance in step (4) is as follows: depending on the trait exhibited on the selected mutant shoots, stable inheritance is achieved if the trait can be maintained continuously by asexual propagation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention establishes a breeding method of a new variety of single-leaf vitex rotundifolia on the saline-alkali soil by observing branches of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia which naturally mutate on the saline-alkali soil and utilizing methods such as vegetative propagation, stability observation and the like.
2. The method for breeding the new variety of the vitex rotundifolia finally has the advantages of simple breeding technology, reduced breeding workload and accelerated breeding process by utilizing the mutation character of the vitex rotundifolia caused by natural mutation and observing stability.
3. By applying the proportion and the concentration of the rooting solution, the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia cutting slips can achieve the effect of highest survival rate, and the formula can be used for expanding propagation of new varieties and guiding the expanding propagation work of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in production.
4. The new variety bred by the method has important significance in accelerating the breeding process of the vitex rotundifolia, increasing the selection of greening seedlings in saline-alkali soil and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
1. Planting single-leaf vitex rotundifolia plants in saline-alkali soil
1.1 Collection of Simpleleaf Shrub Chastetree seeds
Collecting mature, full and plant disease and insect pest-free single-leaf vitex rotundifolia seeds in the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia planting area.
1.2 planting of Simpleleaf chastetree
1.2.1 land preparation
And (3) broadcasting 2 tons/mu of organic fertilizer in the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage on the soil.
1.2.2 sowing
Sowing at the bottom of 3 months, wherein the sowing depth is about 3-5 cm, the spacing is 1 m, and watering is carried out in time after the sowing is finished.
1.2.3 daily management
Timely weeding, watering and other works are carried out according to the actual conditions in the field.
2. Optimized rooting powder formula
2.1 design rooting solutions of different proportions and concentrations
The proportions of the indoleacetic acid and the naphthylacetic acid are respectively designed as follows: 4:1, 2:1, 1:2 and 4:1, and the total concentration of the rooting solution is 200mg/L, 250mg/L, 300mg/L, 350mg/L and 400mg/L respectively.
2.2 Single leaf Vitex trifolia shoot treatment
The branches of 2-year-old single-leaf chaste tree branches are cut by scissors in month 5 to be about 20cm, the upper parts of the branches are cut to be flat, 2-3 leaves are left, and the lower parts of the branches are cut to be oblique.
2.3 rooting solution treatment
And (3) placing the treated branches into a rooting solution for about 1 hour, taking out, airing, and inserting into plain sand according to the plant row spacing of 7 x 10 cm. Wherein 100 single-leaf chaste tree cuttings were used per treatment.
2.4 survival Rate statistics
Inserting the cutting slips into plain sand, thoroughly watering with water, building a shade shed, and watering according to conditions. The statistics of the survival condition of the cutting in 10 months are as follows:
TABLE 1 survival Rate Table for cuttings treated differently
The survival rate of the cuttings after the cutting is treated by different preparation ratios of the indoleacetic acid and the naphthylacetic acid and the solubility of the rooting solution can be seen, the ratio of the indoleacetic acid to the naphthylacetic acid is 1:2, the survival rate of the cutting is the highest under the treatment of the solubility of 300mg/L, and the rapid propagation expansion work of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia can be carried out on the saline-alkali soil under the formula.
4. Investigation of the field
After 2 years of planting, a branch is detected to be white (the branch should be blue) by periodically going to the field for investigation and is marked.
5. Propagation of mutant branch
5.1 Single-leaf Vitex trifolia shoot treatment
Cutting about 20cm long strips of the single-leaf chastetree branches of the white flower by using scissors in month 5, cutting the upper parts of the strips to be flat, leaving 2-3 leaves, and cutting the lower parts of the strips to be oblique.
5.2 rooting solution treatment
And (3) putting the treated cutting slips into rooting solution with the ratio of indoleacetic acid to naphthylacetic acid being 1:2 and the solubility being 300mg/L for 1h, taking out and airing.
5.3 daily management
And (3) performing direct insertion or oblique insertion in plain sand according to the plant row spacing of 7 × 10cm, wherein the cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the cuttings, compacting by hands, watering thoroughly once, building a shading shed, preventing the cuttings from dying due to overhigh temperature, and performing sprinkling irrigation at proper time.
5.4 permanent planting
According to the rooting condition, the field planting is carried out at the interval of 0.5 × 1 meters.
6. Observation of stability
6.1 Observation of the 1 st generation plant Performance after propagation
6.1.1 observe whether the plants still blossoming after propagation. If not, the hole is dug out.
6.1.2 if white flowers are bloomed, reserving and carrying out mass propagation on the bloomed plants and recording the mother plants of the propagated plants.
6.2 Observation of the 2 nd Generation of the expanded plant
And observing whether the 2 nd generation plants after propagation bloom. If the white flower is not opened, digging out the propagation plant and digging out the 1 st generation plant of the propagation plant. If the white flower blooms, carrying out 3 rd generation propagation and recording the parent plant.
6.3 Observation of the plant emergence in the 3 rd generation propagation
And observing whether the 3 rd generation plants after propagation bloom. If the white flower does not bloom, the plant is dug out. And if the white flowers bloom, counting the proportion of the white flowers bloom after the 2 nd generation propagation. If the 3 rd generation blooms 100% white flowers, the 2 nd generation plants are new varieties with stable inheritance. And if 50-99% of the white flowers in the 3 rd generation are bloomed, continuously propagating until 100% of the offspring are bloomed. And if the proportion of white flowers in the 3 rd generation is less than 50%, digging out the 2 nd generation mother plant.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art; where combinations of features are mutually inconsistent or impractical, such combinations should not be considered as being absent and not within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia on saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting plants: planting the processed seeds of the vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil;
(2) optimizing the formula of a rooting solution: the proportion of the rooting solution is determined according to the survival rate of the cutting slips by preparing the rooting solution with different concentrations and proportions;
(3) initially selecting a new variety: investigating whether a mutation branch exists in a single-leaf vitex planting area; if the branch exists, marking and taking a part of the branch to propagate by a vegetative propagation technology;
(4) new variety check: carrying out mutation character observation according to the asexual propagation plants obtained by primary selection, and carrying out continuous 3-generation propagation on stably inherited plants and recording;
(5) selecting new varieties: and investigating the expansion plant obtained by checking, and if the expansion plant continuously keeps the mutation character, the plant is a new variety.
2. The method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for identifying the survival rate in the step (2) comprises the following steps: the rooting solution with different concentrations and proportions is used for treating the cuttings and then is uniformly managed, and finally, the optimal rooting solution of the vitex rotundifolia is determined according to the survival condition of the cuttings.
3. The method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rooting solution comprises indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid, and the proportion of the indoleacetic acid to the naphthylacetic acid is as follows: 1-4: 1-2, wherein the concentration of the rooting solution is as follows: 200-400 mg/L.
4. The method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the selection method of the mutant branch in the step (3) comprises the following steps: selecting branches according to different colors shown by the planted varieties; if the flower colors are different, the branch is a mutation branch.
5. The method for breeding a new variety of vitex rotundifolia in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for judging stable inheritance in the step (4) comprises the following steps: depending on the trait exhibited on the selected mutant shoots, stable inheritance is achieved if the trait can be maintained continuously by asexual propagation.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114375751A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | Coastal saline-alkali site restoration method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200703 |