CN111346234A - 去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种去铁胺‑八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物及其合成方法,还涉及所述的去铁胺‑八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物在延长去铁胺在体内的循环时间及降低去铁胺的毒性方面的应用,属于医药技术领域。所述的去铁胺‑八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物制备方法如下:将八臂聚乙二醇衍生物在催化剂的作用下与去铁胺反应,得到去铁胺‑八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物,并通过透析的方式纯化,最后通过冷冻干燥得到最终产物。本发明的去铁胺‑八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物可以极大延长去铁胺的体内循环时间,并显著降低去铁胺的毒性。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明具体涉及一种去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物及其合成方法,还涉及所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物在延长去铁胺在体内的循环时间及降低去铁胺的毒性方面的应用,属于医药技术领域。
【背景技术】
去铁胺(DFO)是一种铁离子螯合剂,作为极少数被FDA批准的药物用铁离子螯合剂,广泛应用于β-地中海贫血,帕金森,阿尔兹海默症等与体内铁离子过载有关疾病的临床治疗上。
然而,进入人体血液内的去铁胺会迅速被酶所降解,这使得去铁胺的体内循环时间很短,其体内循环半衰期(t1/2)只有大约5.5分钟。除此之外,较高剂量的去铁胺会有较大的毒性,这会对患者的听觉与视觉造成严重的损伤。目前临床上常用的去铁胺给药方式多为低剂量长时间静脉滴注。但是这种给药方式往往需要持续长达5-7天,每天8-12小时的长时间给药,严重地影响到了患者用药时的顺应性,极大的影响到了去铁胺在临床上的应用。
目前,许多研究都致力于通过对去铁胺进行结构改造或者利用新型制剂技术来延长去铁胺的体内循环时间,降低毒性以及克服去铁胺其他的一些缺点。例如糖蛋白类靶向基团修饰的去铁胺载药纳米粒,超枝化聚甘油去铁胺大分子结合物等。这些研究虽然在一定程度上改善了去铁胺的缺点,但是由于新型制剂制备工艺复杂,以及用于结构改造的高分子化合物的复杂结构及合成工艺,这些方法在实际应用中仍存在较大的限制和不便。
聚乙二醇(PEG)以其较低的毒性和免疫原性所带来的良好的生物适应性成为了为数不多的被FDA批准的可用于静脉给药的合成大分子化合物。目前在很多已经报道的研究中,通过将治疗性分子与PEG分子共价结合形成PEG化的大分子结合物的方法,可以显著提高治疗分子的稳定性,延长体内循环时间,降低毒性。但是由于直链聚乙二醇特殊的化学结构导致了药物分子的连接位点并不会随着链的延长而增加,这极大的限制了聚乙二醇大分子结合物的载药量。为了应对这个情况,可以通过使用多臂星型聚乙二醇(8-arm-PEG)的方法,增加支链的数量来提供更多的链端连接位点,在保持聚乙二醇分子优点的同时提高药物分子的连接量。
【发明内容】
本发明提供了一种去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物。此种结合物可以通过温和高效的化学反应合成。所得到的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物可以显著延长去铁胺的体内循环时间,降低去铁胺的毒性。
本实验通过以下技术方案实现上述目标:
本发明是通过将八臂聚乙二醇衍生物与去铁胺分子通过桥连基团连接得到去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物,其结构通式如下:
其中,
R=六甘油核心连接结构;
所述的桥连基团为取代或未取代的C1-C10羧酸、C1-C10二元羧酸,所述取代基可以为羟基、硝基、氨基、醛基等。
所述八臂聚乙二醇衍生物的相对分子质量可以为10000Da~40000Da。
进一步地,
所述的桥连基团为戊二酸、丁二酸、羟基乙酸;
聚乙二醇链与桥连基团连接的化学键为碳氧键或酯键,去铁胺与桥连基团连接的化学键为酰胺键或腙键。
进一步地,本发明优选如下结构的八臂星型聚乙二醇衍生物。
R=六甘油核心连接结构
所述八臂聚乙二醇衍生物的相对分子质量可以为10000Da~40000Da。
本发明还提供了所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物的合成方法。具体方法如下:
将八臂聚乙二醇衍生物在催化剂的作用下与去铁胺反应,得到去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物,并通过透析的方式纯化,最后通过冷冻干燥得到最终产物。
所述的催化剂为:N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA),三乙胺,N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)等弱碱性催化剂。
反应溶剂为:无水二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、无水二氯甲烷优选无水二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。
所述的八臂聚乙二醇衍生物为八臂星型聚乙二醇戊二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯、八臂星型聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺琥珀酸酯、八臂星型聚乙二醇羧酸、优选为八臂星型聚乙二醇戊二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯。
所述的八臂聚乙二醇衍生物为八臂星型聚乙二醇戊二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯,其结构式如下:
去铁胺的结构式如下:
具体地,在催化剂的作用下,八臂聚乙二醇衍生物和去铁胺分子的反应在无水二甲基亚砜中进行。反应温度为20℃~30℃,反应时间为18小时~30小时。
优选地,八臂聚乙二醇衍生物(8-arm-PEG-SG)的相对分子质量可以为10000Da~40000Da。
进一步优选地,八臂聚乙二醇衍生物(8-arm-PEG-SG)的相对分子质量优选20000Da。
优选地,催化剂可以为N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA),三乙胺,N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)等弱碱性催化剂。
进一步优选N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)。
优选地,透析纯化的过程中所使用的是再生纤维素透析袋,截留分子量为3500Da~10000Da。
进一步优选地,截留分子量为7000Da。
去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物的合成反应如下:
本发明还提供所述去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物的应用。
本发明所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物或所述的铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物的制备方法制得的铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物能够延长去铁胺体内循环时间,降低去铁胺的毒性。
【附图说明】
图1为实施例1中桥连基团为戊二酸,并通过酯键与八臂星型聚乙二醇主体骨架连接,并通过酰胺键与去铁胺分子连接,八臂星型聚乙二醇分子量为20000Da的去铁胺八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(8-arm-PEG20k-DFO)的结构式。
图2为实施例1中所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(8-arm-PEG20k-DFO)的1H-NMR谱图。
图3为实施例2中所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(8-arm-PEG20k-DFO)和DFO的HPLC谱图。
图4为实施例3中所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(8-arm-PEG20k-DFO)和DFO的铁离子螯合能力图。
图5为实施例4中所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(8-arm-PEG20k-DFO)和DFO的细胞毒MTT实验结果。
图6为实施例5中所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(8-arm-PEG20k-DFO)和DFO的药物动力学实验结果。
【具体实施方式】
下列实施例旨在进一步举例描述本发明,而不是以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1:以相对分子质量为20000Da的八臂星型聚乙二醇戊二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯为主体骨架的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物的合成。
称取(200mg 0.01mmol)相对分子质量为20000Da的八臂星型聚乙二醇戊二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯和(56mg 0.085mmol)的去铁胺分别溶于5ml二甲基亚砜中,将去铁胺溶液逐滴加入到八臂星型聚乙二醇戊二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯溶液中,然后加入50μL N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA),N2保护下室温搅拌过夜,置于截留相对分子质量为7000Da的透析袋中,通过在蒸馏水中透析的方法进行纯化,再通过冷冻干燥的方法除去溶剂得到白色粉末的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物。采用核磁共振氢谱来确定实施例1中化合物的结构,结果如图2所示,波谱解析如下:
3.7ppm对应八臂星型聚乙二醇骨架上的H;3.6ppm对应去铁胺分子中的H-5,H-12,和H-19;3.1ppm对应去铁胺分子中的H-1,H-8和H-15;2.7ppm对应去铁胺分子中的H-6和H-13,2.4ppm对应去铁胺分子中的H-14和H-7;2.1ppm对应-CH3;1.6ppm对应去铁胺分子中的H-2,H-4,H-11,H-18;1.4ppm对应去铁胺分子中的H-9和H-16;1.2ppm对应去铁胺分子中的H-3,H-10和H-17;2.3ppm,2.2ppm,和1.8ppm对应的式八臂星型聚乙二醇戊二酸衍生物中戊二酸上的H-1,H-2和H-3。
实施例2:分别取(6.6mg 0.01mmol)去铁胺和(31.6mg 0.01mmol)去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(结合物与去铁胺游离药有等量的去铁胺),分别溶于10ml的蒸馏水中,将两种溶液与等量的10mM硫酸亚铁铵溶液混合均与并孵育30分钟,使用高效液相色谱法进行检测。
结果如图3所示。
从图3中可以得出,在与八臂星型聚乙二醇衍生物结合后,去铁胺的保留时间有1.40分钟延长到1.96分钟,而且无去铁胺的峰存在,表明去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物合成及纯化的成功。
实施例3:分别取(6.6mg 0.01mmol)去铁胺和(31.6mg 0.01mmol)去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(结合物与去铁胺游离药有等量的去铁胺),分别溶于10ml的蒸馏水中,将两种溶液与等量的10mM硫酸亚铁铵溶液混合均与并孵育30分钟,采用紫外可见光分光光度法在波长430nm处测定吸光度来考察铁离子螯合能力。
结果如图4所示。
去铁胺螯合铁离子的特征吸收峰在430nm。8-arm-PEG20k-DFO螯合铁离子后吸收峰也在430nm处。根据去铁胺浓度-吸光度标准曲线计算8-arm-PEG20k-DFO的去铁胺含量,结果表明与分子结构式中的理论含量是一致的。综上所述,本文中合成的8-arm-PEG20k-DFO与等摩尔浓度的去铁胺有着相同的铁离子螯合能力。将去铁胺结合到八臂星型聚乙二醇大分子上不影响其对铁离子的螯合能力。
实施例4:细胞毒性
采用MTT法检测细胞毒性,采用的样品分别为DFO与8-arm-PEG20K-DFO。将上述的样品分别溶于磷酸盐缓冲液PBS中配制成DFO等效浓度为1mM的溶液,用于接下来的细胞毒实验时,使用DMEM完全培养基稀释成DFO等效浓度为500μM,250μM,125μM,62.5μM,31.25μM,15.625μM,7.8125μM,3.90625μM的溶液。对照组采用等体积的磷酸盐缓冲液。将RAW246.7小鼠单核巨噬细胞种于96孔板种,密度为每孔3×103个,培养12小时后弃去培养基更换为上述含有不同浓度的DFO和8-arm-PEG20K-DFO的DMEM完全培养基。继续培养48小时,然后采取MTT法检测RAW246.7小鼠单核巨噬细胞毒性。
细胞毒性MTT检验结果如图5所示。
从图中可以看出,当DFO等效浓度高于62.5μM时8-arm-PEG20K-DFO对于小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW246.7的毒性要明显低于同浓度的DFO。这表明,在形成去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物后,DFO的毒性明显降低。
实施例5:去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物的药代动力学研究
取10只雄性健康大鼠,体重200-250g,随机分为2组,每组5只,按照DFO等效剂量50mg/kg称取DFO和8-arm-PEG20K-DFO并溶于适量的生理盐水中,通过尾静脉注射的方式分别给予上述的DFO和8-arm-PEG20K-DFO溶液。于规定时间眼眶取血,离心获得血浆,通过配备了二极管阵列检测器(Diode array detector,DAD)的高效液相色谱测定血浆中药物的浓度。
药代动力学研究结果如图6所示;
药代动力学研究参数如表1所示;
从图6中可以看出,在尾静脉注射给药后的30分钟内,游离的DFO就已经被清除殆尽,而结合了八臂星型聚乙二醇衍生物的8-arm-PEG20K-DFO显示出了较慢的代谢过程,并在给药24小时后代谢完全。
结果如表1,由于连接了大分子的八臂星型聚乙二醇衍生物,使得DFO分子在体内的循环时间明显延长,药时曲线下面积(AUC)明显提高。实验结果表明,通过将DFO分子与八臂星型聚乙二醇衍生物共价结合形成去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物,可以减少DFO分子被血液内酶的降解,延长DFO分子在体内循环的时间。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
表1去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物(8-arm-PEG20k-DFO)的药物动力学参数
Claims (10)
2.如权利要求1所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物,其特征在于,所述的桥连基团为戊二酸、丁二酸、羟基乙酸。
3.如权利要求1所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物,其特征在于,聚乙二醇链与桥连基团连接的化学键为碳氧键或酯键,去铁胺与桥连基团连接的化学键为酰胺键或腙键。
5.如权利要求1所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物的制备方法,其特征在于,将八臂聚乙二醇衍生物在催化剂的作用下与去铁胺反应,得到去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为:N,N-二异丙基乙胺,三乙胺,N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,反应溶剂为:无水二甲基亚砜、无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、无水二氯甲烷。
8.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所得到的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物使用再生纤维素透析袋透析纯化,截留分子量为3500Da~10000Da。
9.权利要求1-4中任何一项所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物在延长去铁胺体内循环时间中的应用。
10.权利要求1-4中任何一项所述的去铁胺-八臂星型聚乙二醇结合物在降低去铁胺毒性中的应用。
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