CN115887376A - 一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药、制备方法及应用。通过对去氢骆驼蓬碱进行衍生化修饰,以去氢骆驼蓬碱作为疏水内核,二硫代二丙酸作为连接臂,聚乙二醇为亲水骨架材料,合成还原敏感两亲性聚合物材料去氢骆驼蓬碱接枝聚乙二醇,即去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药;将其在水溶液中自组装,得到一种载药纳米胶束系统,用作药物递送的载体材料。本发明提供的去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药应用于制备纳米胶束载药系统,由于其在水溶液中可自组装形成稳定的纳米级胶束体系,从而能够高效的递送药物到肿瘤部位,提高去氢骆驼蓬碱的抗肿瘤效果,降低毒副作用,同时改善水溶性,为去氢骆驼蓬碱在抗肿瘤方面的应用提供更多可能性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药,属于药用高分子聚合物材料及自组装纳米递送技术领域,尤其涉及一种去氢骆驼蓬碱衍生化还原响应性修饰药、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
自然资源中蕴藏着丰富的可利用药材。去氢骆驼蓬碱Harmine (7- methoxy -1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole )最初于1847年从药用植物骆驼蓬种子中分离得到,具有核心吲哚环和吡啶环结构的平面三环系统,是一种典型的β-carboline类生物碱,因具有强烈的氢/电子供体-受体相互作用,能产生多种药理学特性,包括抗炎、神经保护、抗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、杀虫活性等作用。之前的研究表明,去氢骆驼蓬碱在体外和体内都显示出显著的抗癌潜力,作为一个小分子,去氢骆驼蓬碱很容易通过扩散进入细胞,但由于不具有肿瘤特异性且溶解性不好,这使其生物利用度很低,抗癌作用得不到有效发挥。同时,去氢骆驼蓬碱具有强烈的神经毒性,在实验动物模型中,典型的症状包括抽搐、震颤、跳跃、躁动、共济失调等,其神经毒性呈现剂量依赖性,这更进一步阻碍了其向临床广泛的应用和发展。研究表明,对去氢骆驼蓬碱分子结构进行部分修饰或封装,可以有效地减少其神经毒性和/或增强其抗癌活性。
目前,药物递送策略被认为是一种解决化疗药物,尤其是以去氢骆驼蓬碱为代表的一类难溶性药物存在的诸多不足的有效策略。纳米载药体系作为药物载体具有保护药物不被降解,促进药物吸收,改善药物在组织中的分布,在生理条件下具有较好的稳定性等优点。现有技术公开一种新型自组装聚合物乳糖-棕榈酰三甲基壳聚糖(Lac-TPCS),并将其作为载体包载去氢骆驼蓬碱以增强抗肿瘤活性并减少其不良反应(参见文献:Bei, Y.Y., etal., Application of the central composite design to op- timize thepreparation of novel micelles of harmine. Int J Nanomedicine , 2013. 8: p.1795-808.)。体内抗肿瘤实验结果表明,Lac - TPCS2/HM可显著抑制肿瘤生长,并延长H22荷瘤小鼠的寿命。初给药后,胶束组小鼠仅个别出现轻微震颤反应,说明胶束封装去氢骆驼蓬碱后可有效降低其神经毒性。上述聚合物胶束借助乳糖的主动靶向作用高效递送去氢骆驼蓬碱到病灶部位,不过,由于机体内环境复杂,仅利用物理方法通过疏水相互作用将药物包封在胶束的疏水核心,可能会因周围环境影响而存在提前释药的风险。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有智能响应功能的去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药、制备方法及应用;本发明提供的还原响应性聚合物前药分子可在水溶液中自组装为纳米胶束载药体系,能有效包覆难溶性药物,实现药物的控制释放。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是提供一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药,它的结构式为:
n为重复单元数。
本发明技术方案还提供一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一,去氢骆驼蓬碱衍生物的制备
(1)在氮气保护、无水条件下,按摩尔份数计,将1~5份去氢骆驼蓬碱,2~10份氢化钠溶解于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,活化反应后加入2~10份N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺,反应完全后淬灭,萃取,洗涤有机相,干燥,过滤,浓缩,沉淀产物后过滤,得到产物N9-(4-(1,3-二氧异吲哚啉-2-基)丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱,记作HM-Pht;
(2)在氮气保护、无水条件下,按摩尔份数计,将1~4份HM-Pht溶解于有机溶剂乙醇或甲醇中,加入20~80份80%水合肼,加热回流搅拌反应,反应完全后萃取,过滤,浓缩,得到产物N9-(4-氨基丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱,记作HM-NH2;
(3)按摩尔份数计,将1~2份二硫代二丙酸和7~20份乙酰氯加热回流搅拌反应,反应完全后浓缩,沉淀,过滤,洗涤,得到二硫代二丙酸酐,记作DTDPA;
(4)按摩尔份数计,将1~1.5份HM-NH2和1~4.5份DTDPA溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌反应,待反应完全后,柱层析纯化,得到产物N9-(5-(3-((2-羧乙基)二硫烷基)丙酰氨基)丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱,记作HM-SS-COOH;
步骤二,去氢骆驼蓬碱接枝聚乙二醇的制备
(1)在氮气保护、无水条件下,按摩尔份数计,将2~4份HM-SS-COOH、4~8份1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和3~6份N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺溶解在无水有机溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜中,搅拌条件下混合均匀,反应得到活化液;
(2)按摩尔份数计,将1~3份甲氧基聚乙二醇氨基(mPEG-NH2)和2~4份三乙胺溶解在溶剂中,所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或水,再逐滴滴加活化液反应;得到的反应液经透析,除去未反应的原料,将产物冷冻干燥,得到去氢骆驼蓬碱接枝聚乙二醇,即为去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药。
本发明技术方案包括一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药的应用,将去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药在水溶液中自组装,得到一种载药纳米胶束系统,用作药物递送的载体材料。
具体的应用为:将去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药溶解于有机溶剂二甲基亚砜或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,经去离子水透析后,过滤、冷冻干燥,得到药物纳米胶束系统。
本发明提供的去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药的制备方法,反应式如下:
说明书中涉及到化合物的结构如下:
去氢骆驼蓬碱
N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺
二硫代二丙酸
1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐
N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺
甲氧基聚乙二醇氨基(mPEG-NH2)
优先的技术方案,甲氧基聚乙二醇氨基的平均分子量为600~20000。
本发明将聚合物前药应用于纳米药物领域,具体方法为采用化学键合方法将抗癌药物通过刺激-响应化学键连接在功能型聚合物上形成聚合物前药,其在水溶液中可自组装形成胶束体系,得到的载药胶束更加稳定。这种方法将小分子药物大分子化,从根本上改变了药物的体内分布和代谢特征,同时保留了胶束的优势。形成的胶束具有纳米尺寸可通过“增强渗透滞留效应”(EPR效应)在病灶部位累积,提高药物在病灶部位的有效作用浓度。小分子药物既可作为胶束疏水性内核亦可作为载体包载其他抗癌药物,胶束亲水性外壳能够有效防止药物的降解,避免被机体内网状内皮系统(RES)非特异性摄取,从而延长药物体内循环时间。正常细胞和肿瘤细胞中的氧化还原电位不同,谷胱甘肽(Glutathione , GSH)是人体细胞中的生物还原剂,肿瘤细胞中GSH含量高于正常细胞约4倍,可以利用这一差别来实现药物的还原响应释放。因此,本发明设计中采用具有还原敏感特性的二硫键作为连接键,具有二硫键的还原敏感纳米粒在生理条件下保持稳定,而在肿瘤细胞内高谷胱甘肽的环境中,二硫键断裂发生缓慢的胞内释药行为,可有效控制负载药物的释放速度,改善体内药物分布,降低药物毒副作用,实现药物的靶向递送。
本发明的原理是:通过对去氢骆驼蓬碱(HM)进行衍生化修饰得到(HM -SS –COOH),再采用酸胺缩合反应,接枝PEG得到具有还原敏感性的去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药;修饰药可在水溶液中自发组装成纳米胶束体系,胶束通过EPR效应到达肿瘤部位后,在肿瘤细胞内高谷胱甘肽的环境作用下,二硫键断裂,进一步释放去氢骆驼蓬碱,杀伤肿瘤。
与现有技术相比,本发明技术方案的有益效果在于:
1.本发明在利用肿瘤微环境的基础上,构建了一种具有还原敏感的去氢骆驼蓬碱前药胶束,其中衍生化修饰的去氢骆驼蓬碱既是载体材料的一部分,作为疏水核心形成胶束内核,同时也作为药物直接发挥抗肿瘤的作用。
2.本发明提供的胶束能高效的递送药物,有效提高去氢骆驼蓬碱的抗肿瘤效果,降低毒副作用,改善水溶性,为其在抗肿瘤方面的应用提供更多参考。
附图说明
图1、2、3分别是本发明实施例中合成的中间产物HM-Pht、HM-NH2和HM-SS-COOH的1H-NMR图谱;
图4是本发明实施例中反应原料mPEG-NH2(a图)、产物HPG(b图)的1H-NMR图谱;
图5是本发明实施例产物HPG-NPs的粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药、制备方法及其应用。
去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药的具体制备步骤如下:
步骤1:去氢骆驼蓬碱的衍生化修饰
(1)N9-(4-(1,3-二氧异吲哚啉-2-基)丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱(HM-Pht)的合成:称取HM 1.06 g 和氢化钠400 mg,30 mL 无水 DMF 溶解,氮气保护,搅拌反应 2 h,加入 N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺 2.08 g,室温搅拌反应,薄层色谱监测反应(二氯甲烷:甲醇=10:1,取少量反应液,氯化铵淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取)。反应完全后,大量乙酸乙酯稀释,过量氯化铵溶液淬灭,饱和氯化钠溶液多次水洗,有机相干燥浓缩,加入过量石油醚,过滤收集沉淀,通风橱内干燥,得到的产物记作HM-Pht,产率71.66%。
(2)N9-(4-氨基丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱(HM-NH2)的合成:称取 1.6 g HM-Pht,加入适量乙醇加热溶解,加入 4.8 mL 水合肼,78℃加热冷凝回流,薄层色谱监测反应(二氯甲烷:甲醇=10:1)。反应完全后,加入大量二氯甲烷,过滤沉淀,旋干溶液,多次加入二氯甲烷并旋干,得到的产物记作 HM-NH2,产率70.45%。
(3)二硫代二丙酸酐(DTDPA)的合成:称取2g二硫代二丙酸(3, 3'-Dithiodipropionic acid, DTDP),加入 10 mL 乙酰氯,65℃搅拌反应 3 h。反应结束后,旋蒸浓缩,加入过量乙醚,搅拌 3 h,过滤,乙醚多次洗涤沉淀,沉淀置于通风橱内干燥,得到的产物 记作DTDPA,产率为72.47%。
(4)N9-(5-(3-((2-羧乙基)二硫烷基)丙酰氨基)丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱(HM-SS-COOH)的合成:称取 HM-NH2 283 mg 置于烧瓶中,3 mL DMF 搅拌溶解,称取 DTDPA384 mg,3mL DMF 溶解,室温搅拌反应,薄层色谱监测反应(二氯甲烷:甲醇=5:1),待反应完全后,旋干反应液,甲醇溶解,硅胶粉制样,硅胶柱层析分离产物(二氯甲烷:甲醇=10:1, 0.1%三乙胺),完成对去氢骆驼蓬碱的衍生化修饰,得到的产物记作HM-SS-COOH,产率为48.20%。
步骤2:制备去氢骆驼蓬碱接枝聚乙二醇(HPG)
称取 HM-SS-COOH 47.5 mg,3mL 无水DMF溶解,加入38.2mg 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC • HCl)和17.4 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺( NHS),在氮气保护和无水条件下室温搅拌活化过夜。称取 100mg 甲氧基聚乙二醇氨基(mPEG-NH2)(MWCO=2000),2mL无水DMF溶解,将活化后的 HM-SS-COOH 缓慢滴入,搅拌反应 24 h,将反应产物装入透析袋(MWCO=1000)置于去离子水中,磁力搅拌 24 h 除去催化剂以及未反应完的原料,冷冻干燥,得到产物去氢骆驼蓬碱接枝聚乙二醇,即为去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药,记作HPG。
步骤3:制备还原响应性HPG前药胶束(HPG-NPs)
采用探头超声法制备前药胶束:称取 5 mg 去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药(HPG)溶解于5mL pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,探头超声(200 W,工作 1 s 停 1 s)处理30min,再采用0.22 μm 滤膜过滤得到HPG前药胶束,记作HPG-NPs。
下面对本实施例中得到的各化合物进行表征及产物的性能测定。
1.中间产物HM-Pht、 HM-NH2、HM-SS-COOH 的核磁表征
将10mg HM-Pht、 HM-NH2、HM-SS-COOH 分别溶于0.6mL氘代 DMSO中,在400MHz核磁共振仪上测试,1H-NMR图谱分别如附图1、2、3所示。
参见附图1,HM-Pht中各个氢信号归属如下 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.14(d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 5H), 7.19(d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.84(m, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 2H),2.90 (s, 3H), 1.73 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 4H).
参见附图2,HM-NH2中各个氢信号归属如下 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.16(d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22(d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.87(dd, J = 8.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 3H),3.91 (s, 3H), 2.94 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 4H), 2.74(t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.79 (t, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.59 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H).
参见附图3,HM-SS-COOH中各个氢信号归属如下 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.16 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H),7.87 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.2Hz, 1H), 4.55 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.10 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H),2.94 (s, 3H), 2.85 (td, J = 7.1, 4.4 Hz, 4H), 2.55 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.43(t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.78 – 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.49 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H).
2.去氢骆驼蓬碱聚合物前药HPG的核磁表征
将10mgmPEG-NH2和HPG分别溶解于0.6mL的氘代DMSO中,在400MHz核磁共振仪上测试,1H-NMR图谱如附图4所示。a图为mPEG-NH2的1H-NMR图谱,b图为产物HPG的1H-NMR图谱;对图中各峰进行归属,结果如下:δ3.2~3.6 ppm 归属为 PEG长链结构中氢特征峰。与mPEG-NH2相比,HPG的1H-NMR图谱中δ6.8- 8.2 ppm 出现了去氢骆驼蓬碱芳香杂环的氢特征峰,δ1.24 ppm 归属为 PEG长链末端与HM-SS-COOH接枝酰胺键中氢特征峰,表明去氢骆驼蓬碱成功接枝聚乙二醇。
3.去氢骆驼蓬碱聚合物前药胶束(HPG-NPs )的粒径分布
按本实施例提供的制备方法步骤1、2和3,平行制备3份样品去氢骆驼蓬碱聚合物前药胶束HPG-NPs,分别记作HPG-NPs1、HPG-NPs2和HPG-NPs3。通过 Nano ZS90 纳米粒度及zeta电位分析仪分析测定载体粒径、多分散系数(polydispersity, PDI)。
参见附图5,是本实施例提供的产物HPG-NPs的粒径分布图。
表1是本实施例中样品HPG-NPs的粒径和多分散系数(PDI)的测定结果。
表1
Claims (4)
2.一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤一,去氢骆驼蓬碱衍生物的制备
(1)在氮气保护、无水条件下,按摩尔份数计,将1~5份去氢骆驼蓬碱,2~10份氢化钠溶解于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,活化反应后加入2~10份N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺,反应完全后淬灭,萃取,洗涤有机相,干燥,过滤,浓缩,沉淀产物后过滤,得到产物N9-(4-(1,3-二氧异吲哚啉-2-基)丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱,记作HM-Pht;
(2)在氮气保护、无水条件下,按摩尔份数计,将1~4份HM-Pht溶解于有机溶剂乙醇或甲醇中,加入20~80份80%水合肼,加热回流搅拌反应,反应完全后萃取,过滤,浓缩,得到产物N9-(4-氨基丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱,记作HM-NH2;
(3)按摩尔份数计,将1~2份二硫代二丙酸和7~20份乙酰氯加热回流搅拌反应,反应完全后浓缩,沉淀,过滤,洗涤,得到二硫代二丙酸酐,记作DTDPA;
(4)按摩尔份数计,将1~1.5份HM-NH2和1~4.5份DTDPA溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌反应,待反应完全后,柱层析纯化,得到产物N9-(5-(3-((2-羧乙基)二硫烷基)丙酰氨基)丁基)去氢骆驼蓬碱,记作HM-SS-COOH;
步骤二,去氢骆驼蓬碱接枝聚乙二醇的制备
(1)在氮气保护、无水条件下,按摩尔份数计,将2~4份HM-SS-COOH、4~8份1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和3~6份N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺溶解在无水有机溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜中,搅拌条件下混合均匀,反应得到活化液;
(2)按摩尔份数计,将1~3份甲氧基聚乙二醇氨基和2~4份三乙胺溶解在溶剂中,所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或水,再逐滴滴加活化液反应;得到的反应液经透析,除去未反应的原料,将产物冷冻干燥,得到去氢骆驼蓬碱接枝聚乙二醇,即为去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药的应用,其特征在于:将去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药在水溶液中自组装,得到一种载药纳米胶束系统,用作药物递送的载体材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药的应用,其特征在于:将去氢骆驼蓬碱修饰药溶解于有机溶剂二甲基亚砜或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,经去离子水透析后,过滤、冷冻干燥,得到药物纳米胶束系统。
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