CN111331806A - 制造胶粘剂丝的方法和胶粘剂丝 - Google Patents
制造胶粘剂丝的方法和胶粘剂丝 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及由压敏胶粘剂制造胶粘剂丝的方法,包括以下步骤:提供压敏胶粘剂;将压敏胶粘剂成形为材料束;将钝化层施加在材料束的表面上。此外,本发明涉及胶粘剂丝、用于实施所述方法的装置和胶粘剂卷以及打印的元件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制造胶粘剂丝(胶粘剂丝状物)的方法。本发明还涉及用于实施该方法的装置、胶粘剂丝、胶粘剂卷和打印的元件(印刷元件)。
背景技术
在增材制造领域中存在许多可用来生成式制造物体的方法。它们用于制造原型、工具和最终产品。通常,在增材制造工艺中,将工件逐层堆积在构建板上。因此,制造不是以从实心体去除材料(例如在铣削的情况下)而是以补充(即增添)材料的方式进行的。如果直接生产最终产品,它是所谓的“直接制造”。在这种情况下,最终产品应理解为是指根据预期使用、件数从一件起的具有系列特性的可销售产品。
最终产品的层状结构是通过添加材料或通过材料从液态或粉状到固态的相变来实现的。制造通常在不使用模具和专用工具的情况下进行。股线铺设工艺(连续铺设工艺,Strangablegeverfahren)(英文为:Fused Deposition Modelling(熔融沉积成型),)或者Fused Filament Fabrication,FFF(熔丝制造))尤其是众所周知的,其中带有挤出机喷嘴的加热打印头使热塑性材料熔化,然后将软化或液化的材料铺设(沉积)在构建板上,或铺设(沉积)在产品上用来进行另外的层构造。该方法通常称为“3D打印”。热塑性材料通常以所谓的丝(Filament)的形式被供应到打印头和处于其中的挤出机喷嘴。在这种情况下,将丝(丝状物)从卷轴上解开,并通过导孔和/或导辊供应至加热的打印头。丝通常由热塑性塑料组成,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丙交酯或ABS。
尽管用热塑性塑料进行加工已经非常普遍,但是几乎没有建立对压敏胶粘性材料,即压敏胶粘剂的使用。
从US 5,121,329 A已知如下的设备,其通过以受控的速率将从分配头排出的材料施加到基座构件上来产生三维物体。可通过沉积由可硬化材料构成的重复的层来产生这些三维物体,其中所述材料可为自固化蜡、热塑性树脂、融化金属、双组份环氧树脂(zweiteilige Epoxide)、泡沫塑料或玻璃。也可使用热熔胶。
从文献EP 1 349 900 B1已知用于压敏胶粘性图案的喷墨印刷的方法和组合物。该组合物通常包含可固化的液体组合物(即,压敏性的胶粘剂前体)。
固化后,形成压敏胶粘剂。
从文献EP 1 562 751 B1已知用于制造粘合部件的方法。压敏胶粘剂基础物具有低粘度,并且可例如用狭缝式模头(Breitschlitzdüse)或通过喷涂来施加。在涂布压敏胶粘剂基础物后,使其交联直至达到预定的粘度。交联例如通过辐射或通过加热进行。
这些前述方法被称为多射流成型(Poly-Jet Modeling)或多喷嘴成型(Multi JetModeling),其中通过逐行施加可交联例如UV交联或热交联的材料来进行逐层构建过程。在此,仅将低粘度的胶粘剂施加到部件或载体材料上,然后在从外部引发的交联反应中提高胶粘剂的粘度。
从文献EP 2985327A1已知用于制造压敏胶粘剂层的方法和装置,所述方法由以下步骤组成:将可交联的聚合物组合物施加到压辊的空腔中,引发或进行交联反应以形成至少部分交联的压敏胶粘剂层,和从空腔移除至少部分交联的压敏胶粘剂层。
从文献DE 198 20 366 C2已知用反应介质填充用于压敏胶粘剂层的模板,然后在排出氧气的情况下在UV路径中固化。
这些前述方法是印刷工艺,其中通过模制(成型)或填充空心模具或模板来提供胶粘剂模制件。
缺点在于,已知的方法不能通过连续铺设工艺来加工较高粘度的压敏胶粘剂,并且不能以轮廓分明且分层的方式将压敏胶粘剂施加到部件或载体上。
原则上,在增材制造过程中使用压敏胶粘剂逐层地制造打印元件是一个大的、有时是无法解决的问题。特别地,存在以下问题:压敏胶粘性材料不能或仅能不充分地在增材制造机器内输送,因为它们立即粘合(粘住)。此外,压敏胶粘性的胶粘剂丝的运输和储存是有问题的,因为它们在与其他物体或与自身接触时立即粘合。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供开头提及的用于制造胶粘剂丝的方法,所述胶粘剂丝允许在不发生粘合的情况下进行加工。
在第二方面,本发明的目的是提供开头提及的胶粘剂丝,该胶粘剂丝易于制造并且允许在不发生粘合的情况下进行加工。
在另一方面,本发明的目的是提供开头提及的胶粘剂丝,其可在现有的制造机器中使用并且可制造打印的元件。
所述目的通过根据本发明的用于制造胶粘剂丝的方法来实现。由从属权利要求给出有利的扩展方式。
因此,本发明涉及用于由压敏胶粘剂制造胶粘剂丝的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供压敏胶粘剂;
b)将压敏胶粘剂成形为材料束(材料股线);
c)将钝化层施加在材料束的表面上。
材料束应理解为是指成形为条状的材料,也就是说,其在纵向上的延伸(尺寸)比其在垂直于纵向上的延伸大许多倍。材料束的条形状特别适合于在按照连续铺设工艺起作用的增材制造机器中使用。这种材料束优选地通过挤出工艺制造,并且也被称为塑料丝。在本发明的意义上,挤出工艺应理解为是指其中固态至粘性的可固化的物料(组合物)在压力下从成形孔中连续出现的所有工艺。此外,对于本领域技术人员来说,这里提到的制造机器也被称为“3D打印机”。通常,在这种制造机器中使用塑料丝。优选地,材料束具有圆形的横截面。在此,特别优选的是,直径为几毫米。然而,材料束也可具有其他横截面形状,例如正方形、矩形、五边形、六边形、七边形或八边形的横截面。同样地,材料束可具有由多个几何基本形状组成的复杂造型。于是,直径被理解为是指材料束的横截面的两个边界之间的最长距离。
根据本领域技术人员的一般理解,压敏胶粘剂应理解为是指如下的粘弹性组合物,其在凝固的干燥状态下在室温下是永久粘性的并且保持粘性以及通过轻的接触压力可粘合在多种基底例如塑料、金属、玻璃、石材、木材或纸上。
优选地,压敏胶粘剂包括至少一种合成橡胶,其中优选的一种或多种合成橡胶选自无规共聚的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯二嵌段和三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)、丁二烯橡胶(BR)、合成聚异戊二烯(IR)、丁基橡胶(IIR)、卤化丁基橡胶(XIIR)、丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)和聚氨酯和/或其共混物。
优选地,压敏胶粘剂包括至少一种树脂组分。在此,有利地以至多70重量%的比例包括增加粘合性的(增粘)树脂,基于压敏胶粘剂的总混合物。作为待添加的增粘树脂,可毫无例外地使用所有先前已知的并且在文献中描述的胶粘树脂。可提及的代表是蒎烯-、茚-和松香树脂,它们的歧化、氢化、聚合、酯化的衍生物和盐,脂族和芳族烃树脂,萜烯树脂和萜烯酚醛树脂以及C5-、C9-和其他烃树脂。这些和其他树脂的任何组合可用于根据需要调整所得压敏胶粘剂的性能。通常,可使用所有与丁腈橡胶相容的(可溶的)树脂,特别地提及所有脂族、芳族、烷基芳族烃树脂,基于纯单体的烃树脂,氢化的烃树脂,官能化烃树脂以及天然树脂。可明确提及Donatas Satas的"Handbook of Pressure Sensitive AdhesiveTechnology"(van Nostrand,1989)中对知识状态的描述。
压敏胶粘剂中树脂组分的重量比例为70至30重量%。重量比例优选地在60重量%至40重量%之间。在特别优选的实施方式中,压敏胶粘剂中树脂组分的重量比例为55%至45%。树脂组分也可为反应性树脂。非常优选的反应性树脂包括环氧树脂。对于聚合物环氧树脂,优选的环氧树脂的分子量MW从100g/mol变化到最大10,000g/mol。环氧树脂例如包括双酚A和表氯醇的反应产物,表氯醇,缩水甘油酯,表氯醇和对-氨基苯酚的反应产物。
在本发明的意义上,术语“施加”应理解为是指将材料施加到材料束的表面的至少一个子区域上。表面应理解为是指垂直于材料束的纵向方向延伸的材料束的表面。该表面通常在制造机器内的运输过程中与机器的各部分接触,因此在不进行根据本发明的加工的情况下将立即粘附在其上。然而,例如通过定长切割材料束而产生的材料束的端面也可被表面的概念所覆盖。
在本申请的意义上,钝化层应理解为是指降低材料束的接触粘性的层。原则上,钝化层可由本身为非压敏胶粘性的材料组成。在本发明的意义上,构成钝化层的材料称为钝化材料。通过施加钝化层,材料束的压敏胶粘性表面被部分或完全地覆盖。由此,随后可更容易地处理和/或加工胶粘剂丝。
施加钝化层的结果是,材料束表面的压敏胶粘性不太明显,也就是说,接触粘性变低或甚至降低到不再存在接触粘性的程度。本领域技术人员将理解接触粘性是指压敏胶粘剂的在接触时粘附于多种材料的性质。所述粘附在此可在有或没有额外压力作用(按压)的情况下进行。接触粘性对本领域技术人员而言也称为“粘性”或“胶粘性”。为了确定压敏胶粘性材料的接触粘性,存在多种方法,例如ASTM D 3121-94、AFERA-4015、FSTM-9或PSTC-11。通常,使用滚球测量方法,其为本领域技术人员以名称PSTC-6已知。在滚球测量方法中,不锈钢滚珠轴承球从65mm高的坡道上滚下并吸收动能。在坡道的尽头,球滚动到展平的压敏胶粘剂材料上,其中由于接触粘性而使球减速。为了测试根据本发明的胶粘剂丝,在将球放置在其上之前,用根据本发明的方法加工所述压敏胶粘剂材料。测量直到球停止的距离以及将该距离以毫米为单位给出,并代表测试结果。斜坡的结构和测试装置在PSTC-6中进行了描述,此处不再赘述。除了PSTC-6中的测试定义外,还使用直径为7/16英寸并且质量为5.70g±0.5g的不锈钢滚珠轴承球来确定接触粘性,所述不锈钢滚珠轴承球在测试之前用丙酮清洗,并且每个不锈钢滚珠轴承球仅使用一次。由于该测试方法也是温度敏感的,因此在23℃±1℃的球和测量点的温度下进行测试。对于具有高接触粘性的压敏胶粘剂,测量结果为不锈钢滚珠轴承球的较短的滚动距离,通常为几厘米,而对于具有低接触粘性的压敏胶粘剂,测量结果则为不锈钢滚珠轴承球的较长的滚动距离,通常为几十厘米至一米或数米。
在本发明的意义上,当根据滚球法的滚动距离得到40cm或更高的距离时,压敏胶粘性的胶粘剂层的表面不再具有接触粘性。于是,压敏胶粘性低至在制造机器中使用时胶粘剂丝不再在机器内粘住的程度。优选地,滚动距离大于50cm,特别优选地,滚动距离大于60cm。接触粘性此时降低至可轻松地在制造机器中进行加工的程度。特别地,根据本发明的胶粘剂丝的接触粘性降低至使得其在制造机器中被输送并被供给到挤出机喷嘴中的程度。
钝化层的厚度优选地在1μm至500μm之间。特别优选的是,厚度在10μm和100μm之间。
根据本发明的方法的优点在于,可提供由压敏胶粘剂组成但可在现有的用于热塑性聚合物丝的制造设备中使用的胶粘剂丝。在此,取决于制造机器,可能有必要对各个机器参数进行调整,以改善或实现胶粘剂丝的加工。钝化层的低重量百分比仅轻微地或根本不影响压敏胶粘剂的性能,特别是粘合力。当在制造机器中处理或加工根据本发明的胶粘剂丝时,胶粘剂丝熔化(融化),由此使压敏胶粘剂软化并且将钝化层引入压敏粘合剂中,例如通过制造机器的挤出机喷嘴。因此,钝化层对压敏胶粘剂的化学和胶粘性能的影响可忽略不计。
此外,在根据本发明的方法中有利的是,它是成本有效的并且可主要利用现有的和容易获得的组件(组分)来实施。根据发明方法甚至反驳了技术人员的如下偏见,即压敏胶粘性材料不适合于制造机器,因为它们不能被输送或因为它们在制造机器中粘住。
通过用共挤出工艺将钝化层施加到材料束的表面上,可有利地扩展根据本发明的方法。通常,共挤出工艺是已知的。在本发明的上下文中相关的共挤出是双极共挤出,其中在挤出工艺中由至少两个挤出机提供不同的材料。因此,双极共挤出不同于单级共挤出,在单级共挤出中将不同的材料在一个挤出工艺中、即在单独的挤出机中进行加工。然而,这不应该排除如下情况,即在用至少两个挤出机工作的共挤出工艺中,也不可能在每个挤出机中都加工多种材料。这恰好可以是特别优选的,因为压敏胶粘剂可由不同的材料组分组成,并且可以有利的方式在一个挤出机中加工这些材料组分,因为这些材料组分在挤出机中融化并同时混合。这形成压敏胶粘剂,其材料尽可能均匀地分布在材料束中。
当使用共挤出工艺将钝化层施加到材料束上时,钝化层优选地包括热塑性材料,特别是热塑性塑料。特别地,优选乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物或聚乙烯或硬质聚乙烯或聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯以形成钝化层。钝化层特别优选地由乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物组成。
在根据本发明的方法中,将压敏胶粘剂在第一挤出机中进行加工并通过挤出工具成形为材料束。挤出工具是一种特殊形状的喷嘴,也称为模头、挤出模头或喷头。在挤出工具中,提供至少一个入口,离开挤出机的软化的材料通过该入口进入挤出工具并被引导到第一通道阵列中。该第一通道阵列将软化的材料引导到挤出工具的出口。为了使软化的材料在挤出工具中不固化,通过加热元件对挤出工具进行加热。挤出工具的出口的几何形状则确定材料束的几何形状。通过第二挤出机软化并提供钝化材料。然而,第二挤出机也可以是挤出泵或熔体泵。该第二挤出机将钝化材料经由第二入口输送到挤出工具中,并通过第二通道阵列引导至挤出工具的出口。在此,软化的钝化材料应理解为是指由于温度影响而处于液相(即材料的液态)和固相(即材料的凝固态)之间的过渡区域的材料。对于塑料、特别是对于热塑性塑料,形成固相和液相之间的过渡区域,优选地在所述过渡区域中对材料进行加工。过渡区域开始和结束时的温度在很大程度上依赖于材料,并且在宽范围内变化。
挤出工具被配置成能够将钝化材料施加到材料束的表面的至少一部分上。这是通过如下方式来完成的:在挤出工具中或在将材料从挤出工具排出时或在将材料从挤出工具排出后,将钝化材料施加到材料束上并由此形成钝化层。该钝化层要么完全地包覆材料束,要么钝化层仅部分地形成在材料束上。然而,在任何情况下都形成层状结构。在其上施加有钝化层的表面的部分上,材料束不再是但至少仅略有压敏胶粘性的。
至少,当钝化层包括上述材料时,将钝化层施加到材料束上会带来进一步的优点。
一方面,一种或多种前述材料的钝化层具有阻挡作用。这意味着具有上述厚度的薄的钝化层已可防止水分渗透到压敏胶粘剂中,因为气态水和滴状水都不能穿透钝化层。换句话说,钝化层降低了水蒸气透过率(Water Vapor Transmission Rate)。由于钝化层的阻挡作用还减少了气体例如氧气从周围空气通过扩散过程渗透到压敏胶粘剂中。由于钝化层减少了水、湿气和氧气的渗透而有利地延长了胶粘剂丝的保存期限,因为可减慢压敏胶粘剂的与水和氧气有关的老化过程。还可规定,向形成钝化层的材料中混入添加剂以实现上述特性。
通过使热塑性材料不透光,特别地使其吸收或反射来自紫外线波长范围的光,还可改善根据本发明的胶粘剂丝的保存期限和/或可减少根据本发明的胶粘剂丝中的老化过程。热塑性材料本身可已经具有这种效果。然而也可向热塑性材料添加特别适合于吸收或反射光的添加剂。通过光作用,可在压敏胶粘剂中引发化学反应,特别是光化学反应,这导致压敏胶粘剂改变其性质。例如,粘合力可降低或压敏胶粘剂的弹性可降低。其他光诱导的化学反应也可对压敏胶粘剂的性能产生不利影响。只要钝化层是不透光的,特别是UV光不可透过的,则可通过根据本发明的胶粘剂丝减少或消除这些缺点。为此,热塑性材料的颜色优选为黑色,例如通过添加颜料。还可规定,除了上述添加剂之外,向热塑性材料添加一种或多种其他添加剂以获得上述特性。例如,可向钝化材料中添加或混入老化抑制剂。此外,即使在胶粘剂丝的加工之后,即在它已经在制造机器的挤出机喷嘴中融化并重塑成元件之后,该老化抑制剂也可保持活性,从而保护打印的元件免受老化。特别有利的可为,仅在对胶粘剂丝进行加工的时间点才将包含在钝化材料中的老化抑制剂混入压敏胶粘剂中或通过挤出机喷嘴引入。
由一种或多种上述材料制成的钝化层的另一优点是,通过降低吸收水分的倾向,可更好地在加工机器中加工胶粘剂丝。通过吸收水分,胶粘剂丝的直径可增加,从而增加了胶粘剂丝在加工机器中阻塞、然后弯曲和/或折断的风险。利用钝化层也可避免或减少加工过程中的另外的问题。如果胶粘剂丝例如经由周围空气中的水分而吸收水分,则这可导致吸收的水分在熔化时被释放到加工机器的挤出机喷嘴中。由于挤出机喷嘴中通常在130℃-280℃之间的高温,水蒸气强烈膨胀并导致挤出机喷嘴内的压力升高。这通常导致材料突然增加地从挤出机喷嘴被挤出,这种现象被技术人员称为过度挤出,由此材料流动不再均匀,并且打印的元件的表面品质大大降低。另外,挤出机喷嘴由于压力差而易于被部分或完全堵塞,这导致挤出不足并且还降低了打印的元件的表面品质。在挤出机喷嘴被完全堵塞的情况下,这甚至导致制造机器停止运转,以便清洁挤出机喷嘴。通过钝化层可避免或减少这些问题,因为可减少甚至完全避免钝化层吸收水分。
通过在材料束的表面上利用膜形成钝化层,可有利地扩展根据本发明的方法。膜应理解为是指仅能吸收拉力的、成形为薄层的扁平材料。膜可为透明或不透明的,并且通常由热塑性塑料制成。但其他塑料也可为合适的。膜可完全或仅部分地被施加到材料束的表面上。在此,该膜优选地在材料束的表面上形成无缝的钝化层。这种类型的膜允许通过挤出工艺以及通过共挤出工艺特别好地生产。在共挤出工艺中,优选地首先成形材料束,然后在其上成形膜。如上所述,这通过挤出工具的设计来完成。
特别优选的是,膜围绕材料束形成膜管并且包覆材料束。膜管应理解为是指由膜组成的管。在这种情况下,挤出工具被设计成,周向地围绕挤出工具的用于排出材料束的出口布置用于排出钝化材料的另外的狭缝形出口。因此,可将钝化材料施加到材料束上,从而将钝化层施加到材料束上。
优选地,通过以比钝化层或钝化材料大的材料进料挤出材料条来形成这样的膜管。为此,相应地调节至少两个挤出机的出口量。这样可实现,将材料束比共挤出的钝化层更快地从挤出工具排出,结果是,材料束将钝化材料从挤出工具的周向缝隙形出口中“拉出”。由于在钝化层上产生的拉力,钝化层在材料束的纵向方向上伸长。此外,钝化材料由于拉力而在材料束的纵向方向上逐渐变细。这意味着材料的厚度减小,并且同时膜管的直径在材料束的纵向方向上逐渐变细。因此,膜管还被施加到材料束的压敏胶粘性的表面上并将其包覆起来。
膜管可有利地通过乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物或乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或高压聚乙烯形成。然而也可有利地使用其他材料,优选热塑性材料。
借助于膜管的包覆(包护)是特别有利的,因为压敏胶粘性的材料束的表面此时被钝化材料完全覆盖,并且如此提供的胶粘剂丝在胶粘剂丝的整个表面上不再是或仅是略微压敏胶粘性的。由此允许特别容易地处理和加工胶粘剂丝而不会粘住。
钝化层成形为膜管的另一优点是,膜管此外特别适合于吸收拉力。这是有利的,因为制造机器被设计用于加工塑料丝,并且因此根据本发明的胶粘剂丝经常暴露于高的拉力。这样做的原因是,制造机器被设计成通过将塑料丝的一小段夹持在开卷装置例如两个反向旋转的从动滚轮中而将塑料丝从卷绕芯上解绕。同样,通过偏转、例如由制造机器中的导辊导致的偏转,胶粘剂丝中的拉力增加。相比于具有低抗拉强度的材料,具有高抗拉强度的材料可更好地吸收这种高的拉力。通过施加钝化层,由材料束和钝化层组成的材料复合物的拉伸强度与这样的材料束的拉伸强度相比升高。优选地,钝化材料具有比压敏胶粘剂更高的拉伸强度。如下可为特别优选的:膜管由单轴拉伸的聚丙烯或单轴拉伸的聚乙烯组成。这些材料可特别好地吸收拉力,因此仅在比未拉伸的材料高的拉力下才撕裂。
因此,形成一种材料复合物,其中钝化层吸收作用在胶粘剂丝上的拉力的主要部分,而压敏胶粘剂的材料束吸收作用的拉力的一小部分。当钝化层被构造为膜管时,这种效果尤其明显。
钝化层可特别优选地包括单轴拉伸的聚丙烯或单轴拉伸的聚乙烯。这些材料的特征在于具有明显改善的纵向机械性能,其中纵向方向在此对应于胶粘剂丝的纵向方向。特别地,根据本发明的胶粘剂丝可通过使用单轴拉伸的聚丙烯或单轴拉伸的聚乙烯作为钝化层来吸收特别高的拉力。特别地,胶粘剂丝在不撕裂的情况下可吸收的拉力在使用这些材料的情况下比使用未经单轴拉伸的聚丙烯或聚乙烯的情况大。因此,相比于通过用未经单轴拉伸的聚丙烯或聚乙烯实施的情况,钝化层可通过单轴拉伸的聚丙烯或单轴拉伸的聚乙烯在材料复合物的恒定的拉力下被更薄地实施。
由热塑性材料制成的钝化层的有利效果在完全被钝化层包覆的材料束的情况下尤为明显。
通过施加粉状材料来施加钝化层,可以有利地扩展根据本发明的方法。
在此,术语粉状(粉状的)也可理解为是指粉末状或粉尘状或面粉状。因此,还可通过将粉末状材料涂覆到压敏胶粘性的材料束上来形成根据本发明的钝化层。有利地,滑石粉或粉末状白垩或热解二氧化硅或石英粉或石灰石粉或研磨的重晶石或研磨的云母粉适合作为粉末状材料。钝化层可包含这些物质中的一种或多种,或仅由这些物质中的一种构成。
粉末状材料由多种材料颗粒组成。在此,材料颗粒的直径优选为1μm至100μm。直径的数据是指材料颗粒的当量直径(等效直径)。有利的情形是,材料颗粒的当量直径小于胶粘剂丝直径的三十分之一,优选地,当量直径小于材料束的直径的五十分之一。
通过施加粉末状材料可确保胶粘剂丝不会粘合,因为粉末状物质粘附在材料束的压敏胶粘性表面上。钝化层优选地被构造在材料束的整个表面上。结果,然后可特别容易地处理和加工胶粘剂丝而不会在该过程中粘合。
根据本发明的方法可有利地通过在另一步骤中将胶粘剂丝缠绕到卷绕芯上来扩展。因此,使胶粘剂丝处于可特别良好地运输并节省空间地进行储存的形式。另一方面,卷绕芯特别好地适合用于现有的加工机器中,因为现有的塑料丝也从卷绕芯上解绕。
该目的在其第二方面通过具有本发明的特征的胶粘剂丝来实现。有利的扩展方式由从属权利要求给出。
因此,本发明涉及包括压敏胶粘剂和钝化层的胶粘剂丝,其中压敏胶粘剂具有材料束的形式,并且钝化层被沉积在材料束的表面上。对于根据本发明的胶粘剂丝的性质和优点,参考前述说明。
根据本发明的胶粘剂丝可通过如下方式被有利地进一步扩展:压敏胶粘剂包括至少一种填料,特别地,压敏胶粘剂包括热解二氧化硅或石英粉或石灰石粉或者研磨的白垩或重晶石或滑石或云母或者实心玻璃球或中空玻璃球。
此外,压敏胶粘剂可包括至少一种填料。通过填料可调节胶粘剂丝的机械和/或化学性质。填料优选地为热解二氧化硅、石英粉、石灰石粉、研磨的白垩、重晶石、滑石粉、云母或实心玻璃球。这些材料对合成橡胶和树脂组分主要是化学惰性的。进一步优选地,可使用中空玻璃球。这种填料的优点在于,它对胶粘剂是化学惰性的,并且另外几乎不降低胶粘剂丝的加工后的接触粘性。
根据本发明的胶粘剂丝可通过如下方式被有利地进一步扩展:钝化层的厚度为1μm至500μm,优选地20μm至300μm。对于根据本发明的胶粘剂丝的性质和优点,参考前述说明。
根据本发明的胶粘剂丝可通过如下方式被有利地进一步扩展:胶粘剂丝的直径为1.75mm±0.15mm或2.85mm±0.25mm或3.0mm±0.25mm。这些直径是特别有利的,因为现有的制造机器可优选地在不调整机器的情况下加工这些直径。如下可为特别优选的:1.75mm或更小的公称直径,因为较细的胶粘剂丝在挤出机喷嘴中具有较低的背压,并因此导致较低的挤出机喷嘴的负载。此外,如下可为优选的:胶粘剂丝的公称直径为2.85mm或3.00mm或更大。因为当在加工过程中在制造机器中输送胶粘剂丝时,胶粘剂丝于是不易拉伸和/或压缩。
根据本发明的胶粘剂丝可通过如下方式被有利地进一步扩展:压敏胶粘剂包括至少一种填料。通过填料可调节胶粘剂丝的机械和/或化学性质。填料优选地为热解二氧化硅、石英粉、石灰石粉、研磨的白垩、重晶石、滑石粉、云母或实心玻璃球。这些材料对合成橡胶和树脂组分主要是化学惰性的。进一步优选地,可使用中空玻璃球。这种填料的优点在于,它对胶粘剂是化学惰性的,并且另外几乎不降低胶粘剂丝的加工后的接触粘性。
根据第三方面,本发明涉及一种具有上述根据本发明的胶粘剂丝的胶粘剂卷。在这种情况下,胶粘剂卷具有卷绕芯,其中胶粘剂丝缠绕在卷绕芯上。由于通过上述方法,胶粘剂丝在表面上不再是压敏胶粘性的,因此多个叠加(叠置)的层可卷绕在卷绕芯上。以此方式,胶粘剂丝允许特别容易地运输并且节省空间地储存。另一方面,这种胶粘剂卷特别适合在现有的加工机器中提供胶粘剂丝,因为在现有的加工机器中,塑料丝也从卷上解绕。因此,不需要对现有的加工机器进行调整或仅需要对现有的加工机器进行略微的调整。
根据第四方面,本发明涉及由根据本发明的胶粘剂丝组成或包括根据本发明的胶粘剂丝的打印的元件。打印的元件是完全或部分地由胶粘剂丝构成的元件。为此目的,将胶粘剂丝在加工机器中在挤出机头中融化,并通过挤出机喷嘴铺设在构建底板上,然后在所述构建底板上将融化的根据本发明的胶粘剂丝再次固化。由于胶粘剂丝已经融化,因而钝化层和任选地钝化剂已经与胶粘剂混合。结果,钝化层和任选地钝化剂不再处于表面上,并且压敏胶粘剂在其表面上再次为压敏胶粘性的。然而,打印的元件也可直接铺设在部件上并以至少一层的形式施加在部件上。
打印的元件应理解为打印的粘合元件,即打印的压敏胶粘性元件。通过在打印过程中根据连续铺设工艺产生如这里所述的打印的元件并且其中对这里描述的胶粘剂丝进行加工,能够以多种几何形状来产生打印的元件或打印的粘合元件。
附图说明
依据图1中的实施例来描述本发明。相同的元件具有相同的附图标记。附图示出了:
图1穿过根据本发明的胶粘剂丝的横截面
具体实施方式
图1以示例的方式示出了未按比例绘制的根据本发明的胶粘剂丝10的横截面。该横截面垂直于胶粘剂丝的纵向。胶粘剂丝10由成形为材料束1的压敏胶粘剂和钝化层2组成。钝化层完全包围由压敏胶粘剂形成的材料束1并钝化表面。钝化层的厚度为数10μm,并且相对于胶粘剂丝的直径而言非常小(未按比例绘制)。胶粘剂丝的直径通常为1.75mm或2.75mm或3.0mm。然而,材料束也可具有其他直径,特别是在上述直径之间的直径。
附图标记列表
1 由压敏胶粘剂形成的材料束
2 钝化层
10 胶粘剂丝
Claims (19)
1.由压敏胶粘剂制造胶粘剂丝(10)的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供压敏胶粘剂;
b)将压敏胶粘剂成形为材料束(1);
c)将钝化层(2)施加在材料束(1)的表面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在步骤b)中,通过挤出工艺由压敏胶粘剂成形材料束(1)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中在步骤c)中,通过共挤出工艺将钝化层(2)施加到材料束(1)的表面上。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其中在步骤c)中,钝化层(2)通过膜在材料束(1)的表面上形成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中钝化层(2)的施加通过施加粉末状材料来进行。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其中在另外的步骤中,将胶粘剂丝(10)缠绕在卷绕芯上。
7.用于实施根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法的装置,其特征在于,
该装置包括用于成形压敏胶粘剂的成形元件和用于将钝化层(2)施加在材料束(1)的表面上的处理装置。
8.胶粘剂丝(10),其包括压敏胶粘剂和钝化层(2),其中压敏胶粘剂具有材料束(1)的形式,并且钝化层(2)被施加到材料束(1)的表面上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,钝化层(2)是粉末状物质。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,
钝化层(2)包括滑石粉或粉末状白垩或热解二氧化硅或石英粉或石灰石粉或研磨的重晶石或研磨的云母。
11.根据权利要求8所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,钝化层(2)由热塑性材料形成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,热塑性材料包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或聚丙烯或聚乙烯或硬质聚乙烯。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,钝化层(2)包括单轴拉伸的聚丙烯或单轴拉伸的聚乙烯。
14.根据权利要求11至13之一所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,钝化层(2)通过膜形成。
15.根据权利要求8至14之一所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,钝化层(2)的厚度为1μm至500μm,优选10μm至100μm。
16.根据权利要求8至15之一所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,胶粘剂丝(10)的直径为1.75mm±0.15mm或2.85mm±0.25mm或3.0mm±0.25mm。
17.根据权利要求8至16之一所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其特征在于,压敏胶粘剂包括至少一种填料,特别地压敏胶粘剂包括热解二氧化硅或石英粉或石灰石粉或研磨的白垩或重晶石或滑石或云母或实心玻璃球或中空玻璃球。
18.胶粘剂卷,其具有根据权利要求8至17之一所述的胶粘剂丝(10),其中胶粘剂丝(10)缠绕在卷绕芯上。
19.打印的元件,其特征在于,该打印的元件包括根据权利要求8至17之一所述的胶粘剂丝(10)或由根据权利要求8至17之一所述的胶粘剂丝(10)组成。
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