CN111318552B - Kitchen waste pretreatment device and pretreatment method - Google Patents

Kitchen waste pretreatment device and pretreatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111318552B
CN111318552B CN202010234272.3A CN202010234272A CN111318552B CN 111318552 B CN111318552 B CN 111318552B CN 202010234272 A CN202010234272 A CN 202010234272A CN 111318552 B CN111318552 B CN 111318552B
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sand
kitchen waste
belt conveyor
outlet
pulp
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CN111318552A (en
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任弘毅
赵光杰
谷孟涛
梁伍一
徐程浩
王益嗣
蒋超群
闫哲
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China United Engineering Corp Ltd
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China United Engineering Corp Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C7/00—Sorting by hand only e.g. of mail
    • B07C7/04—Apparatus or accessories for hand picking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种厨余垃圾预处理装置及预处理方法，可以分选出厨余垃圾中的不能降解的物质，提高厌氧发酵的效率，延长厌氧发酵的设备寿命。破袋机与人工分选皮带机连接；人工分选皮带机与挤压机上料皮带机连接；挤压机上料皮带机与挤压机连接；挤压机与挤压干料出料皮带机连接和挤压湿料收集输送螺旋机连接；挤压干料出料皮带机与干料缓存皮带仓连接；挤压湿料收集输送螺旋机与进浆料口连接；水力洗浆机与砂水分离器连接；细格栅与螺旋压榨机连接；砂水分离器与厨余除砂池和垃圾箱连接；厨余除砂池与循环排沙泵连接；循环排沙泵与旋流除砂器连接；厨余除砂池与出料螺杆泵连接，出料螺杆泵与厌氧系统连接；旋流除砂器与厨余除砂池连接。

The present invention provides a kitchen waste pretreatment device and a pretreatment method, which can sort out non-degradable substances in kitchen waste, improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation, and extend the life of anaerobic fermentation equipment. The bag breaking machine is connected to the manual sorting belt conveyor; the manual sorting belt conveyor is connected to the extruder feeding belt conveyor; the extruder feeding belt conveyor is connected to the extruder; the extruder is connected to the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor and the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw machine; the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor is connected to the dry material buffer belt bin; the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw machine is connected to the pulp inlet; the hydraulic pulp washer is connected to the sand and water separator; the fine grid is connected to the screw press; the sand and water separator is connected to the kitchen waste desanding tank and the garbage bin; the kitchen waste desanding tank is connected to the circulating sand discharge pump; the circulating sand discharge pump is connected to the cyclone desanding device; the kitchen waste desanding tank is connected to the discharging screw pump, and the discharging screw pump is connected to the anaerobic system; the cyclone desanding device is connected to the kitchen waste desanding tank.

Description

Kitchen waste pretreatment device and pretreatment method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a kitchen waste pretreatment device and a pretreatment method, which are mainly used for kitchen waste treatment.
Background
Kitchen waste mainly refers to waste generated in daily life and food service, and comprises discarded food waste such as vegetable leaves, fruit peels, eggshells, bones, fruit pits and the like and food residues. Compared with other household garbage, the kitchen garbage has rich organic matter content and high water content, is easy to rot and stink in a short time, breeds mosquitoes and flies, and pollutes the surrounding environment. In daily life, people often mix kitchen waste and household garbage together, put the kitchen waste and the household garbage into a garbage can after bagging the kitchen waste and the household garbage by using plastic, and send the kitchen waste and the household garbage into an incineration plant for incineration or landfill. Kitchen garbage and household garbage are not suitable for being mixed together for treatment. If the kitchen garbage is treated in a direct incineration mode, harmful substances such as dioxin and the like are generated due to insufficient combustion of an incinerator because of high moisture content and low heat value of the kitchen garbage, and if the kitchen garbage is treated in a landfill mode, a large amount of percolate is easily generated because of high moisture content and high salt content of the kitchen garbage, and groundwater and soil can be influenced. Therefore, the kitchen waste is necessary to be specially treated.
At present, the main domestic kitchen waste treatment technology is anaerobic fermentation, and organic substances in kitchen waste are degraded into micromolecular organic acids under the action of anaerobic bacteria, and finally converted into biogas. However, the kitchen garbage usually contains other undegradable household garbage such as plastic sheets, glass bottles and the like, which cannot participate in anaerobic fermentation reaction, and small-particle inert substances such as sand and the like, which abrade the anaerobic reactor and accumulate in the anaerobic reactor to influence the anaerobic fermentation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides the kitchen waste pretreatment device and the kitchen waste pretreatment method which are reasonable in structural design, so that undegradable substances in kitchen waste can be separated, the anaerobic fermentation efficiency is improved, and the anaerobic fermentation equipment life is prolonged.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is that the kitchen waste pretreatment device is characterized by comprising a kitchen waste pretreatment system and a kitchen waste wet material pretreatment system;
The kitchen garbage pretreatment system comprises a garbage grab bucket crane, a chain plate conveyor, a bag breaker, a manual sorting belt conveyor, a first iron remover, a first iron material buffer bin, a transfer belt conveyor, an extruder feeding belt conveyor, an extruder, an extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor, a second iron remover, a second iron material buffer bin, a dry material buffer belt bin, an extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw I and an extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw II, wherein the garbage grab bucket crane is matched with the bag breaker through the chain plate conveyor;
The kitchen garbage wet material pretreatment system comprises a hydraulic pulp washer, a top pulp outlet control valve, a lower pulp outlet control valve, an industrial water tank, an industrial water control valve, a grating canal, a fine grating, a screw press, a first dustbin, a sand conveying screw conveyor, a sand-water separator, a shaftless screw conveyor, a second dustbin, a kitchen Yu Chusha pond, a circulating sand discharge pump, a cyclone sand remover, a stop valve, a gate valve, a return valve, a discharge screw pump, a discharge control valve and an anaerobic system, wherein the hydraulic pulp washer is provided with a water inlet, a pulp outlet, a top pulp outlet and a lower pulp outlet, the top pulp outlet is positioned at the top of the hydraulic pulp washer, the lower pulp outlet is positioned at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer, the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw is connected with the water inlet of the hydraulic pulp washer through the industrial water control valve, the top pulp outlet control valve is connected with the grating canal, the lower pulp outlet is connected with the sand pump through the lower pulp outlet control valve, the sand outlet is connected with the sand pump, the sand pump is connected with the sand pump through the lower pulp outlet control valve, the sand outlet is connected with the sand pump through the water outlet, the lower pulp outlet and the sand pump is connected with the sand pump through the water outlet, the water outlet is connected with the water outlet of the water pump, the water outlet is connected with the water inlet of the water pump through the water inlet of the water pump, the water pump and the water outlet is connected with the water pump through the water outlet and the water outlet. The discharging screw pump is connected with the anaerobic system, the water outlet of the rotational flow sand remover is connected with the kitchen waste sand removing pool, and the sand discharging port is connected with the sand water separator.
The kitchen waste pretreatment system also comprises a waste bin, and the manual sorting belt conveyor is matched with the waste bin.
The two top slurry outlets are arranged up and down, and each top slurry outlet control valve comprises a first top slurry outlet control valve and a second top slurry outlet control valve, and the two top slurry outlets are connected with the grid canal through the first top slurry outlet control valve and the second top slurry outlet control valve respectively.
The bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer is provided with a first emptying valve.
The hydraulic pulp washer is also provided with an overflow pipe.
The bottom of the sand-water separator is provided with a second emptying valve.
The shaftless screw conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the sand-water separator.
The kitchen waste pretreatment method is carried out by adopting the kitchen waste pretreatment device and comprises the following steps:
The kitchen waste material is fed to a chain plate conveyor by a grab bucket crane and then is conveyed to a bag breaker, a plastic bag of the kitchen waste is punctured, the crushed material is conveyed to a manual sorting belt conveyor, large inorganic matters in the material are sorted manually, the large inorganic matters are magnetically separated by a first iron remover, the iron material magnetically separated by the first iron remover is conveyed to an iron material buffer bin I, the manually separated material is conveyed to an extruder by a transfer belt conveyor and an extruder feeding belt conveyor, the kitchen waste is extruded and separated into dry material and wet material by the extruder, the extruded dry material is conveyed to an extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor, the dry material falls into a dry material buffer belt bin after being magnetically separated by the second iron remover, the iron material magnetically separated by the second iron remover is conveyed to an iron material buffer bin II, and the extruded wet material is conveyed to a slurry inlet of a hydraulic slurry washer by an extrusion wet material collecting conveying screw I and an extrusion wet material collecting screw II;
Industrial water of an industrial water tank is input into a water inlet of a hydraulic pulp washer under the action of an industrial water control valve, industrial water and slurry are mixed in the hydraulic pulp washer, slurry at the top of the hydraulic pulp washer is conveyed to a grid canal, light scum is separated and conveyed to a first garbage bin through a fine grid and a screw squeezer, the rest slurry in the grid canal flows into a kitchen waste sand removing tank, slurry at the lower part of the hydraulic pulp washer is conveyed to a sand-water separator for sand-water separation, sand at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer is also conveyed to the sand-water separator through a sand conveying screw conveyor, sand in the sand-water separator is deposited and then conveyed to a second garbage bin through a shaftless screw conveyor, the rest slurry overflows to the kitchen waste sand removing tank, sediment at the bottom of the kitchen waste sand removing tank is sucked out under the action of a circulating sand pump and conveyed to a rotational flow sand remover for sand-water separation, the separated mud sand is discharged to the sand separator from a discharge port at the bottom of the rotational flow sand remover, and the slurry after sand removal is returned to the kitchen waste sand removing tank through a water outlet of the rotational flow sand pump 5326, and the slurry is also conveyed to a material discharging system for uniform discharge system in the kitchen waste sand removing tank through the rotational flow pump 5326.
Compared with the prior art, the anaerobic fermentation process has the advantages of reasonable design, low energy consumption and high efficiency, can effectively extract organic slurry in kitchen waste and remove impurities such as sand and stone in the slurry, improves the anaerobic fermentation efficiency, and prolongs the equipment life of anaerobic fermentation. Specifically, the bag of the kitchen waste is broken in the kitchen waste pretreatment process flow, and non-degradable substances such as large garbage, glass bottles, metals and the like are removed to ensure the efficient operation of the extruder. The effective separation of dry and wet materials of the waste is subsequently achieved by means of an extruder. The dry material can be sent to incineration for power generation, and the wet material can be used for anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas and fertilizer. In order to further refine the slurry, the kitchen waste wet material pretreatment system removes heavy impurities and light scum in the slurry through a hydraulic washer, and the slurry of the hydraulic washer is conveyed to a kitchen waste sand removal tank after further separating the impurities through a grid and a sand-water separator. The slurry at the middle bottom of the kitchen waste sand removal tank is continuously pumped to the cyclone sand remover through the circulating sand discharge pump to further remove sand, and the slurry after sand removal flows back to the kitchen waste sand removal tank, so that the organic matter slurry with uniform mixing and low impurity content is finally obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the kitchen waste pretreatment device according to the embodiment of the invention comprises a kitchen waste pretreatment system A and a kitchen waste wet material pretreatment system B.
The kitchen waste pretreatment system A is used for breaking bags of kitchen waste and removing large garbage, metal, glass bottles and other non-degradable substances to ensure the efficient operation of the extruder. The effective separation of dry and wet materials of the waste is subsequently achieved by means of an extruder. The dry material can be sent to incineration for power generation, and the wet material can be used for anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas and fertilizer.
The kitchen garbage pretreatment system A comprises a garbage grab crane A1, a chain plate conveyor A2, a bag breaker A3, a manual sorting belt conveyor A4, a waste bin A5, a first iron remover A6, a first iron material buffer bin A7, a transfer belt conveyor A8, a feeding belt conveyor A9 of an extruder, a first extruder A10, a discharging belt conveyor A11 for extruding dry materials, a second iron remover A12, a second iron material buffer bin A13, a second dry material buffer belt bin A14, a first extrusion wet material collection and conveying screw A15 and a second extrusion wet material collection and conveying screw A16.
The garbage grab bucket crane A1 is matched with the bag breaker A3 through a chain plate conveyor A2, the bag breaker A3 is connected with the manual sorting belt conveyor A4, a first iron remover A6 is arranged above a head roller of the manual sorting belt conveyor A4, the first iron remover A6 is connected with the first iron material buffering bin A7 through a chute, the manual sorting belt conveyor A4 is matched with the garbage bin A5, the manual sorting belt conveyor A4 is connected with an extruder feeding belt conveyor A9 through a transfer belt conveyor A8, the extruder feeding belt conveyor A9 is connected with an inlet of the extruder A10, a dry material outlet of the extruder A10 is connected with an extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor A11, a wet material outlet is connected with an extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw A15, a second iron remover A12 is arranged above a head roller of the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor A11, the second iron remover A12 is connected with the second iron material buffering bin A13 through a chute, the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor A11 is connected with the dry material buffering bin A14, and the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw A15 is connected with the extrusion wet material collecting screw A16.
The bag breaker A3 is provided with two rollers which are horizontally arranged, and wing-shaped peak knives are arranged on the rollers to puncture the garbage bags, so that the effect of separating dry materials and wet materials of the extruder is improved.
The extruder A10 can slurry organic matters such as fruits, vegetables and meats in kitchen waste, extrude the organic matters under the action of high pressure, separate wet components from the kitchen waste, and dehydrate the residual materials under the action of high pressure to form dry components.
The kitchen waste wet material pretreatment system B is used for further refining the slurry and removing solid impurities such as fine sand, plastic sheets and the like in the slurry so as to obtain the organic matter slurry which is uniformly mixed and has low impurity content.
The kitchen waste wet material pretreatment system B comprises a hydraulic pulp washer B1, a top pulp outlet control valve, a lower pulp outlet control valve B6, an industrial water tank B2, an industrial water control valve B3, a grid canal B7, a fine grid B8, a screw squeezer B9, a dustbin I B10, a blow-out valve I B11, a sand conveying screw conveyor B12, a sand water separator B13, a shaftless screw conveyor B27, a dustbin II B14, a blow-out valve II B15, a kitchen waste sand removal tank B16, a circulating sand pump B17, a rotational flow sand remover B18, a stop valve B19, a gate valve B20, a reflux valve B21, a discharge screw pump, a discharge control valve and an anaerobic system B26. The discharge screw pump comprises a first discharge screw pump B23 and a second discharge screw pump B25, and the discharge control valve comprises a first discharge control valve B22 and a second discharge control valve B24.
The hydraulic washer B1 is provided with a water inlet, a slurry inlet, a sand outlet, a top slurry outlet and a lower slurry outlet, wherein the top slurry outlet is arranged at the top of the hydraulic washer B1, the lower slurry outlet is arranged at the lower part of the hydraulic washer B1, the squeezing wet material collecting and conveying screw A16 is connected with the slurry inlet, the industrial water tank B2 is connected with the water inlet of the hydraulic washer B1 through the industrial water control valve B3, the number of the top slurry outlets is two, the top slurry outlet control valves are arranged up and down, each top slurry outlet control valve comprises a first top slurry outlet control valve B4 and a second top slurry outlet control valve B5, the two top slurry outlets are respectively connected with the grid canal B7 through the first top slurry outlet control valve B4 and the second top slurry outlet control valve B5, and the lower slurry outlet is connected with the sand-water separator B13 through the lower slurry outlet control valve B6. The sand discharge port at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer B1 is connected with a sand-water separator B13 through a sand conveying screw conveyor B12. The bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer B1 is provided with a blow valve B11. The hydraulic pulp washer B1 is also provided with an overflow pipe.
A fine grid B8 is arranged in the grid canal B7 and is used for separating light scum, the fine grid B8 is connected with a screw press B9, and the screw press B9 is connected with a dustbin B10. The outlet of the tail end of the grid canal B7 is connected with a kitchen waste sand removal pool B16.
The overflow port of the sand-water separator B13 is connected with a kitchen waste sand removal pool B16, and the bottom of the sand-water separator B13 is provided with a blow-down valve B15. The bottom of the sand-water separator B13 is provided with a shaftless screw conveyor B27, the shaftless screw conveyor B27 is connected with a dustbin II B14, sand particles sink into the shaftless screw conveyor B27 due to self weight, and are lifted to the dustbin through the shaftless screw conveyor B27.
The bottom of the kitchen waste sand removal tank B16 is provided with a sand suction pipe, a sand discharge port of the sand suction pipe is connected with a circulating sand discharge pump B17 through a stop valve B19, the stop valve B19 is used for cutting off a pipeline of a slurry inlet when the circulating sand discharge pump B17 is overhauled, the circulating sand discharge pump B17 is connected with a cyclone sand remover B18 through a gate valve B20, the circulating sand discharge pump B17 is also connected with a slurry inlet of the kitchen waste sand removal tank B16 through a return valve B21, the cyclone sand remover B18 for removing the outlet slurry of the circulating sand discharge pump B17 or the return slurry flows back to the kitchen waste sand removal tank B16 through the gate valve B20 and the return valve B21, a slurry outlet of the kitchen waste sand removal tank B16 is connected with a first discharge screw pump B23 through a discharge control valve B22, the first discharge screw pump B23 is connected with an anaerobic system B26, the slurry outlet of the kitchen waste sand removal tank B16 is also connected with a second discharge screw pump B25 through a second discharge control valve B24, and the second discharge screw pump B25 is connected with the anaerobic system B26.
The water outlet of the rotational flow sand remover B18 is connected with a kitchen waste sand removal pool B16. The sand discharge port of the cyclone sand remover B18 is connected with the sand-water separator B13. The cyclone sand remover B18 generates strong rotation motion after slurry enters the equipment from the inlet of the sand remover in a tangential direction under a certain pressure according to the principle of centrifugal sedimentation and density difference, and the slurry with low density rises due to different stress under the action of centrifugal force, centripetal buoyancy and fluid drag force due to different densities of the sand and the slurry, and is discharged from a water outlet, and the sand with high density is discharged from a bottom sand discharge port.
The hydraulic pulp washer B1 can remove sediment and scum in the slurry, improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency and reduce the sediment accumulation problem in the anaerobic reactor.
The kitchen waste pretreatment method is carried out by adopting the kitchen waste pretreatment device and comprises the following steps:
Kitchen garbage is discharged into a kitchen garbage storage pit by an environmental sanitation vehicle, and after being fed into a receiving hopper of a chain plate conveyor A2 by a garbage grab crane A1, the material is conveyed to a bag breaker A3 to puncture a plastic bag of the kitchen garbage so as to improve the working efficiency of a subsequent extruder. The crushed materials are conveyed to a manual sorting belt conveyor A4, materials which can affect the work of the extruder, such as glass bottles, large objects and the like, are manually sorted, and are magnetically separated through an iron remover A6. The materials such as glass bottles, large objects and the like which are manually separated fall into a waste box A5. The iron materials magnetically selected by the iron remover A6 are sent into the iron material buffer bin A7 through the chute. The materials after manual sorting are conveyed to an extruder A10 through a transfer belt conveyor A8 and an extruder feeding belt conveyor A9. The extruding machine A10 can extrude and separate kitchen waste into dry materials and wet materials, the extruded dry materials are conveyed to the extruding dry material discharging belt conveyor A11, magnetically separated by the iron remover A12 and fall into the dry material buffering belt bin A14, and then the dry materials are loaded outside and conveyed to an incineration plant for incineration power generation. The iron materials magnetically selected by the iron remover II A12 are sent into the iron material buffer bin II A13 through a chute, and the extruded wet materials are sent into the kitchen garbage wet material pretreatment system B through the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw I15 and the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw II A16.
The kitchen waste wet material enters a slurry inlet of the hydraulic washer B1, and meanwhile, the industrial water of the industrial water tank B2 is input into a water inlet of the hydraulic washer B1 under the action of an industrial water control valve B3; stirring and mixing industrial water and slurry in a hydro-washer B1; the top slurry of the hydraulic pulp washer B1 is conveyed to a grid canal B7 through a fine grid B8 and a screw press B9 to separate light scum and convey the light scum to a dustbin B10, the rest slurry in the grid canal B7 flows into a kitchen waste sand removing pool B16, the slurry at the lower part of the hydraulic pulp washer B1 is conveyed to a sand-water separator B13 to carry out sand-water separation, the sand at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer B1 is also conveyed to the sand-water separator B13 through a sand conveying screw conveyor B12, the rest slurry overflows to a kitchen waste sand removing pool B16 through a shaftless screw conveyor B27 after sand precipitation in the sand-water separator B13, the deposited silt at the bottom of the kitchen waste sand removing pool B16 is sucked out under the action of a circulating sand pump B17 and conveyed to a cyclone sand remover B18 to carry out water separation, the rest slurry after separation flows back to the kitchen waste sand removing pool B16 through a sand pump B16 through a sand conveying screw conveyor B12, the bottom of the kitchen waste sand removing pool B16 is also conveyed to a sand-water separator B14 through a sand-water outlet of the kitchen waste sand removing pool B16, and a sand-water outlet of the kitchen waste sand removing pool B16 is directly conveyed to the kitchen waste sand removing pool B16 through a sand pump B16, and a sand-water outlet system is conveyed to the kitchen waste sand pump B16, and the bottom through a sand pump B16 is conveyed to the kitchen waste sand pump B16.
According to the invention, the dry materials and the wet materials in the garbage can be effectively separated by bag breaking, manual sorting and extrusion, and the sand setting and the scum in the wet materials can be further removed by a hydraulic pulp washer, a sand-water separator and a cyclone sand remover, so that the organic matter slurry with uniform mixing and less impurities can be obtained, the subsequent anaerobic fermentation process is facilitated, and meanwhile, the problems of abrasion of an oxidation reactor and the like can be reduced.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may vary from part to part, from name to name, etc., and the above description in the present specification is merely illustrative of the structure of the present invention. All equivalent or simple changes of the structure, characteristics and principle according to the inventive concept are included in the protection scope of the present patent. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions in a similar manner without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (8)

1.一种厨余垃圾预处理装置，其特征在于：包括厨余垃圾前处理系统和厨余垃圾湿物料前处理系统；1. A kitchen waste pretreatment device, characterized by comprising a kitchen waste pretreatment system and a kitchen waste wet material pretreatment system; 厨余垃圾前处理系统包括垃圾抓斗起重机、链板输送机、破袋机、人工分选皮带机、除铁器一、铁料缓存仓一、转运皮带机、挤压机上料皮带机、挤压机、挤压干料出料皮带机、除铁器二、铁料缓存仓二、干料缓存皮带仓、挤压湿物料收集输送螺旋一和挤压湿物料收集输送螺旋二；垃圾抓斗起重机通过链板输送机与破袋机配合；破袋机与人工分选皮带机连接；人工分选皮带机设置有除铁器一；除铁器一与铁料缓存仓一连接；人工分选皮带机通过转运皮带机与挤压机上料皮带机连接；挤压机上料皮带机与挤压机的进口连接；挤压机的干料出口与挤压干料出料皮带机连接，湿料出口与挤压湿料收集输送螺旋一连接；挤压干料出料皮带机设置有除铁器二；除铁器二与铁料缓存仓二连接；挤压干料出料皮带机与干料缓存皮带仓连接；挤压湿料收集输送螺旋一与挤压湿料收集输送螺旋二连接；The kitchen waste pre-treatment system includes a garbage grab crane, a chain conveyor, a bag breaker, a manual sorting belt conveyor, an iron remover 1, an iron material buffer bin 1, a transfer belt conveyor, an extruder feeding belt conveyor, an extruder, an extruded dry material discharging belt conveyor, an iron remover 2, an iron material buffer bin 2, a dry material buffer bin, an extruded wet material collecting and conveying screw 1 and an extruded wet material collecting and conveying screw 2; the garbage grab crane cooperates with the bag breaker through the chain conveyor; the bag breaker is connected to the manual sorting belt conveyor; the manual sorting belt conveyor is provided with an iron remover 1; The first iron remover is connected to the first iron material buffer bin; the manual sorting belt conveyor is connected to the extruder feeding belt conveyor through the transfer belt conveyor; the extruder feeding belt conveyor is connected to the inlet of the extruder; the dry material outlet of the extruder is connected to the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor, and the wet material outlet is connected to the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw one; the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor is provided with the second iron remover; the second iron remover is connected to the second iron material buffer bin; the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor is connected to the dry material buffer belt bin; the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw one is connected to the extrusion wet material collecting and conveying screw two; 厨余垃圾湿物料前处理系统包括水力洗浆机、顶部出浆料口控制阀、下部出浆料口控制阀、工业水罐、工业水控制阀、格栅渠、细格栅、螺旋压榨机、垃圾箱一、输砂螺旋输送机、砂水分离器、无轴螺旋输送机、垃圾箱二、厨余除砂池、循环排沙泵、旋流除砂器、截止阀、闸阀、回流阀、出料螺杆泵、出料控制阀和厌氧系统；水力洗浆机设有进水口、进浆料口、排砂口、顶部出浆料口和下部出浆料口，顶部出浆料口位于水力洗浆机顶部，下部出浆料口位于水力洗浆机下部；挤压湿料收集输送螺旋二与进浆料口连接；工业水罐通过工业水控制阀与水力洗浆机的进水口连接；顶部出浆料口通过顶部出浆料口控制阀与格栅渠连接；下部出浆料口通过下部出浆料口控制阀与砂水分离器连接；水力洗浆机的排砂口通过输砂螺旋输送机与砂水分离器连接；格栅渠内设有细格栅，细格栅与螺旋压榨机连接，螺旋压榨机与垃圾箱一连接；格栅渠末端出口与厨余除砂池连接；砂水分离器的溢流口与厨余除砂池连接；砂水分离器通过无轴螺旋输送机与垃圾箱二连接；厨余除砂池排砂口通过截止阀与循环排沙泵连接；循环排沙泵通过闸阀与旋流除砂器连接，循环排沙泵还通过回流阀与厨余除砂池进浆料口连接；厨余除砂池的出浆料口通过出料控制阀与出料螺杆泵连接，出料螺杆泵与厌氧系统连接； 旋流除砂器的出水口与厨余除砂池连接，排砂口与砂水分离器连接。The kitchen waste wet material pre-treatment system includes a hydraulic pulp washer, a top pulp outlet control valve, a lower pulp outlet control valve, an industrial water tank, an industrial water control valve, a screen channel, a fine screen, a screw press, a garbage bin one, a sand conveying screw conveyor, a sand-water separator, a shaftless screw conveyor, a garbage bin two, a kitchen waste sand removal tank, a circulating sand discharge pump, a cyclone desander, a stop valve, a gate valve, a reflux valve, a discharge screw pump, a discharge control valve and an anaerobic system; the hydraulic pulp washer is provided with a water inlet, a pulp inlet, a sand discharge port, a top pulp outlet and a lower pulp outlet, the top pulp outlet is located at the top of the hydraulic pulp washer, and the lower pulp outlet is located at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer; the second squeezing wet material collection and conveying screw is connected to the pulp inlet; the industrial water tank is connected to the water inlet of the hydraulic pulp washer through the industrial water control valve; the top pulp outlet is connected to the water inlet of the hydraulic pulp washer through the industrial water control valve The top slurry outlet control valve is connected to the grid channel; the lower slurry outlet is connected to the sand-water separator through the lower slurry outlet control valve; the sand outlet of the hydraulic pulp washer is connected to the sand-water separator through the sand conveying screw conveyor; a fine grid is provided in the grid channel, the fine grid is connected to the screw press, and the screw press is connected to the garbage bin one; the outlet at the end of the grid channel is connected to the kitchen waste desanding tank; the overflow port of the sand-water separator is connected to the kitchen waste desanding tank; the sand-water separator is connected to the garbage bin two through the shaftless screw conveyor; the sand outlet of the kitchen waste desanding tank is connected to the circulating sand discharge pump through the stop valve; the circulating sand discharge pump is connected to the cyclone desanding device through the gate valve, and the circulating sand discharge pump is also connected to the slurry inlet of the kitchen waste desanding tank through the reflux valve; the slurry outlet of the kitchen waste desanding tank is connected to the discharge screw pump through the discharge control valve, and the discharge screw pump is connected to the anaerobic system; the water outlet of the cyclone desanding device is connected to the kitchen waste desanding tank, and the sand outlet is connected to the sand-water separator. 2.根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾预处理装置，其特征在于：所述的厨余垃圾前处理系统还包括废物箱，人工分选皮带机与废物箱配合。2. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the kitchen waste pretreatment system also includes a waste box, and the manual sorting belt conveyor cooperates with the waste box. 3.根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾预处理装置，其特征在于：所述的顶部出浆料口为两个，上下设置，顶部出浆料口控制阀包括顶部出浆料口控制阀一和顶部出浆料口控制阀二，两个顶部出浆料口分别通过顶部出浆料口控制阀一和顶部出浆料口控制阀二与格栅渠连接。3. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: there are two top slurry outlets, which are arranged up and down, and the top slurry outlet control valves include top slurry outlet control valve 1 and top slurry outlet control valve 2, and the two top slurry outlets are connected to the grid channel through the top slurry outlet control valve 1 and the top slurry outlet control valve 2 respectively. 4.根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾预处理装置，其特征在于：所述的水力洗浆机底部设有放空阀一。4. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a vent valve is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer. 5.根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾预处理装置，其特征在于：所述的水力洗浆机还设有溢流管。5. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic pulp washer is also provided with an overflow pipe. 6.根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾预处理装置，其特征在于：所述的砂水分离器底部设有放空阀二。6. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a second drain valve is provided at the bottom of the sand-water separator. 7.根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾预处理装置，其特征在于：所述的无轴螺旋输送机设置在砂水分离器的底部。7. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the shaftless screw conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the sand-water separator. 8.一种厨余垃圾预处理方法，其特征在于：采用权利要求1-7任一权利要求所述的厨余垃圾预处理装置进行，包括如下步骤：8. A method for pre-processing kitchen waste, characterized in that: the method is carried out using the kitchen waste pre-processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps: 厨余垃圾物料由垃圾抓斗起重机上料至链板输送机后输送到破袋机，将厨余垃圾的塑料袋刺破；破碎后的物料输送至人工分选皮带机，由人工进行分选，并通过除铁器一磁选，除铁器一磁选出的铁料送入铁料缓存仓一；人工分选后的物料通过转运皮带机和挤压机上料皮带机输送至挤压机；挤压机将厨余垃圾挤压分离为干物料和湿物料，挤压出的干物料输送至挤压干料出料皮带机，并经过除铁器二磁选后，落入干料缓存皮带仓；除铁器二磁选出的铁料送入铁料缓存仓二；挤压出的湿物料通过挤压湿料收集输送螺旋一和挤压湿料收集输送螺旋二，送入水力洗浆机的进浆料口；The kitchen waste material is loaded by the garbage grab crane onto the chain conveyor and then transported to the bag breaker to puncture the plastic bags of the kitchen waste; the crushed material is transported to the manual sorting belt conveyor for manual sorting and magnetic separation by the iron remover 1, and the iron material magnetically separated by the iron remover 1 is sent to the iron material buffer bin 1; the manually sorted material is transported to the extruder through the transfer belt conveyor and the extruder feeding belt conveyor; the extruder squeezes the kitchen waste into dry material and wet material, and the extruded dry material is transported to the extrusion dry material discharging belt conveyor, and after magnetic separation by the iron remover 2, it falls into the dry material buffer belt bin; the iron material magnetically separated by the iron remover 2 is sent to the iron material buffer bin 2; the extruded wet material is sent to the pulp inlet of the hydraulic pulp washer through the extrusion wet material collection and conveying screw 1 and the extrusion wet material collection and conveying screw 2; 工业水罐的工业水在工业水控制阀的作用下输入水力洗浆机的进水口，工业水和浆料在水力洗浆机内混合；水力洗浆机的顶部浆料输送至格栅渠，经细格栅和螺旋压榨机将轻质浮渣进行分离后输送至垃圾箱一，格栅渠中其余浆料流入厨余除砂池；水力洗浆机下部浆料输送至砂水分离器进行砂水分离；水力洗浆机底部的砂通过输砂螺旋输送机也送至砂水分离器；砂水分离器中的砂沉淀通过无轴螺旋输送机送至垃圾箱二，其余浆料溢流至厨余除砂池；厨余除砂池底部的沉积泥沙在循环排沙泵作用下被吸出并送至旋流除砂器进行砂水分离，分离后的泥砂由旋流除砂器底部的排砂口排出至砂水分离器，除砂后的浆料从旋流除砂器的出水口返流回厨余除砂池；厨余除砂池底部浆料通过循环排沙泵直接输回至厨余除砂池，用于均匀厨余除砂池内的浆料；厨余除砂池内的浆料通过出料控制阀和出料螺杆泵输送至厌氧系统。The industrial water in the industrial water tank is input into the water inlet of the hydraulic pulp washer under the action of the industrial water control valve, and the industrial water and pulp are mixed in the hydraulic pulp washer; the pulp at the top of the hydraulic pulp washer is transported to the screen channel, and the light scum is separated by the fine screen and the screw press and then transported to the garbage bin 1, and the rest of the pulp in the screen channel flows into the kitchen waste sand removal pool; the pulp at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer is transported to the sand-water separator for sand-water separation; the sand at the bottom of the hydraulic pulp washer is also transported to the sand-water separator through the sand conveying screw conveyor; the sand sediment in the sand-water separator is transported to the Garbage bin two, the remaining slurry overflows into the food waste desanding tank; the sediment at the bottom of the food waste desanding tank is sucked out by the circulating sand discharge pump and sent to the cyclone desanding device for sand and water separation, and the separated mud and sand are discharged from the sand discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone desanding device to the sand-water separator, and the slurry after desanding flows back to the food waste desanding tank from the water outlet of the cyclone desanding device; the slurry at the bottom of the food waste desanding tank is directly transported back to the food waste desanding tank through the circulating sand discharge pump to even the slurry in the food waste desanding tank; the slurry in the food waste desanding tank is transported to the anaerobic system through the discharge control valve and the discharge screw pump.
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