CN116078799A - Kitchen and kitchen waste sorting treatment system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kitchen and kitchen waste sorting treatment system and method, belonging to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, comprising the following steps: the device comprises a feeding device, a sorting device, a crushing and washing device, a dewatering device, an aerobic fermentation device and an oil removal device, wherein the feeding device is provided with a spiral feeding end capable of spiral extrusion and conveying of materials; the sorting device comprises a bag breaking part and a sorting part; the crushing and washing device is used for crushing materials and washing the crushed materials; the dewatering device is used for extruding and dewatering the washed material; the aerobic fermentation device is used for fermenting the materials to obtain organic fertilizer; the oil removing device is communicated with the feeding device, the crushing and washing device and the dewatering device and is used for separating waste residues, oil and water with heavier particles; the invention adopts a multi-stage process to treat, which not only ensures reasonable and standard sorting of various garbage, but also greatly reduces the total running cost of the comprehensive wastewater.

Description

A system and method for sorting and treating kitchen and kitchen waste

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a sorting and processing system and method for kitchen waste and kitchen waste.

Background technique

With the increase of urban population in our country, food waste and fruit and vegetable waste are increasing day by day, and the output of food waste is increasing rapidly. If such huge food waste is not properly disposed of, traditional methods can only be landfilled and incinerated, which not only occupies land, but also contains harmful components such as heavy metals, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, organic pollutants and odors, etc. A major public hazard affecting urban environmental sanitation. Therefore, proper and scientific treatment of sludge, as an urgent environmental problem, has attracted more and more attention.

Standardized collection and treatment of food waste can effectively curb food waste from entering the unhealthy breeding industry and counterfeit production and sales activities, directly reduce the number of "soil oil" and "soil pigs" entering the market, and prevent harmful substances from the source Entering the human food chain has laid the foundation for ensuring food hygiene and safety and the health of residents.

There are some kitchen waste disposals on the market now, and the waste is landfilled after crushing and other steps. For example, a self-contained fully automatic kitchen waste shredder provided by the publication number CN102114436A mainly includes a shell. Motor, there is a crushing chamber above the motor, and the crushing cutter driven by the motor is installed in the crushing chamber, and there are water inlet pipes and sewage pipes with deodorization to realize the crushing of garbage; but the swill in the kitchen waste also enters the domestic waste for a long time For landfill treatment, the waste water produced in kitchen waste (swill) contains a large amount of oil, fat, suspended matter and other impurities. Once these enter the leachate treatment system in large quantities, the oil will lead to the paralysis of the biochemical system, and the membrane behind it will also be damaged. It will be blocked in a short time.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, to propose a sorting and processing system and method for kitchen waste and kitchen waste, and to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention has taken the following technical solutions:

In the first aspect, the technical solution of the present invention provides a sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste, including: feeding device, sorting device, crushing and washing device, dehydration device, aerobic fermentation device and oil removal device, The feeding device, sorting device, crushing and washing device, dehydration device, and aerobic fermentation device are arranged in sequence,

The feeding device has a screw feeding end capable of screw extruding and conveying materials, and a water filter end is formed under the screw feeding end;

The sorting device includes a bag-breaking part and a sorting part. The bag-breaking part corresponds to the discharge end of the screw feeding end and is used to tear up the bag material. The sorting part is located under the bag-breaking part to sort out Inorganic substances and iron nuggets;

The crushing and washing device is used for crushing materials and washing the crushed materials;

The dehydration device is used to squeeze and dehydrate the washed materials;

Aerobic fermentation device, used to ferment materials to obtain organic fertilizer;

The oil removal device is connected with the feeding device, the crushing water washing device and the dehydration device. The oil removal device is used to separate oil, water and waste residue with a set weight.

In some embodiments, the feeding device includes a material receiving part and a material guiding part, the material receiving part is arranged in the receiving material platform for receiving incoming materials, and the material guiding part is arranged between the material receiving part and the sorting device, for Transport the materials in the receiving parts to the sorting device.

In some embodiments, the material receiving part includes a silo, a sealing cover and a spray head. The sealing cover is arranged on the mouth of the silo and connected to the silo through a cylinder. The water pump in the water tank is connected, used for washing the grease on the kitchen surface and washing the silo.

In some embodiments, the material guide includes a screw conveyor, one end of the screw conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the silo and communicates with the silo, and the other end of the screw conveyor extends to one side of the sorting device for conveying raw organic matter. Garbage, the bottom of the screw conveyor is provided with a water filter hole.

In some embodiments, the bag breaking section includes a bag breaking machine for shredding plastic bags;

The sorting part includes a belt conveyor and a magnetic separator. The belt conveyor is located under the bag breaking machine to accept the materials dropped from the bag breaking machine. A belt conveyor is formed on the belt conveyor for workers to manually sort out the inorganic substances in the garbage. The other end of the manual sorting position and the belt conveyor is equipped with a magnetic separator for sorting out the iron in the garbage. The belt conveyor is used to transport the materials to the end close to the magnetic separator through the manual selection position.

In some embodiments, the broken water washing device includes a first conveyor, a crusher, a second conveyor and a drum washing machine,

The first conveyor is used to transport the materials sorted by the sorting device to the crusher;

The crusher is a double-shaft shredder, which is used to crush organic waste, and crush 80% of organic waste to a particle size below 10mm;

The second conveyor is used to transport the crushed materials to the drum washing machine;

The drum washing machine is equipped with a drum screen, a spiral blade and a cleaning head. The spiral blade is set in the drum screen and can rotate to stir the material. The cleaning head is used to spray water towards the material in the drum screen for cleaning and degreasing. During the desalination process, the material is continuously conveyed forward. One side of the drum screen forms a sewage discharge end for the mixed discharge of washed oil, salt and water, and one side of the drum washing machine forms an inorganic substance for garbage discharge. discharge end.

In some embodiments, the dehydration device includes a dehydration press, which corresponds to the discharge end of the crushing and washing device, and is used to press and dehydrate the washed materials, and the water content of the garbage treated by the dehydration press is 55%. -60%.

In some embodiments, the aerobic fermentation device includes a lifting conveyor, a horizontal conveyor and several fermentation bins,

One end of the lifting conveyor is connected with the discharge end of the dehydration device, and the other end of the lifting conveyor is connected with the horizontal conveyor;

A plurality of fermentation bins are arranged below the horizontal conveyor along the length direction of the horizontal conveyor;

The horizontal conveyor is placed horizontally and horizontally, and it has a plurality of discharge ports corresponding to multiple fermentation bins, and each discharge port is equipped with an electric gate valve. When it is detected that the fermentation bin is full of materials, the first fermentation bin is full. The electric gate valve is automatically closed to allow the material to enter the next fermentation bin.

In some embodiments, the oil removal device includes a three-phase centrifuge, a heating tank and several storage tank pools,

The feeding end of the heating tank is connected with the feeding device, the crushing and washing device and the dehydration device, and is used to heat the kitchen filtrate;

The feed end of the three-phase centrifuge is connected to the heating tank, which is used to separate oil, water and waste residue with a set weight under centrifugal action;

Each storage tank pool is respectively connected with the outlet end of the three-phase centrifuge, and is respectively used for temporarily storing separated water, waste residue and grease.

In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a sorting and processing method for kitchen and kitchen waste, which is applied to the above-mentioned sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste. The method includes:

S100: First, the food waste enters the feeding device. When the screw feeding device is running, the material is conveyed by extrusion, and 70% of the water will be squeezed to the water filter end;

S200: The garbage conveyed by the screw goes to the broken bag part, the broken bag part tears the plastic bag, so that the garbage falls in the sorting part, and the inorganic matter and iron are sorted out through the sorting part, and 99% of the waste will be cleaned out at this stage Inorganic matter;

S300: Use the crushing and washing device to crush the organic matter to less than 10mm, wash it with water after crushing, remove 90% of the oil and salt on the surface, and then use the dehydration device to squeeze and dehydrate the material. The moisture content of the extruded material is 60%, and finally enters the aerobic Fermentation device for fermentation;

S400: The filtrate discharged from the feeding device, crushing and washing device and dehydration device passes through the degreasing device to separate waste residue, oil and water and store them separately. The degreasing efficiency reaches 97% to 99.5%.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

According to the complex characteristics of kitchen waste, screw extrusion + bag breaking + manual sorting + magnetic separation + crushing + washing sorting + dehydration + aerobic fermentation are carried out on kitchen waste, and the multi-stage process is used for treatment, which can not only guarantee all kinds of The garbage sorting is reasonable and standardized, and can greatly reduce the total operating cost of comprehensive wastewater and improve the economic benefits of the project;

In the pretreatment stage, manual sorting + crushing sorting + washing sorting + dehydration pressing are adopted, and the organic matter sorting rate reaches 99%. Further aerobic fermentation can decompose the organic matter with a water content of about 60%, and the decomposition rate reaches 90%; After fermentation, the moisture content after fermentation is greatly reduced, and the temperature during fermentation can reach 65-75 degrees, which can ensure the killing of various pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds, etc., and can produce safe and high-quality organic fertilizers; oil, which can better realize oil-water separation, and the oil removal efficiency is 97% to 99.5%, so as to ensure the stable operation of subsequent sewage biochemistry;

Compared with other current treatment processes, the present invention has more thorough sorting effect, smaller investment, low energy consumption, small footprint, and is more convenient for system management and operator operation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the degreasing device of an embodiment of the sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the feeding device of the sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a method flowchart of an embodiment of the method for sorting and treating kitchen waste and kitchen waste provided by the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Feeding device; 11. Material receiving part; 111. Material bin; 112. Sealing cover; 113. Nozzle; 12. Material guide; 121. Screw conveyor;

1. Sorting device; 21. Bag breaking part; 211. Bag breaking machine; 22. Sorting part; 221. Belt conveyor; 222. Magnetic separator;

3. Crushing and washing device; 31. The first conveyor; 32. Crusher; 33. The second conveyor; 34. Drum washing machine;

4. Dehydration device; 41. Dehydration press;

5. Aerobic fermentation device; 51. Lifting conveyor; 52. Horizontal conveyor; 53. Fermentation bin;

6. Oil removal device; 61. Three-phase centrifuge; 62. Heating tank; 63. Storage tank pool; 7. Unattended intelligent weighing device.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a sorting and processing system and method for kitchen waste and kitchen waste, including: a feeding device 1, a sorting device 2, a crushing and washing device 3, a dehydrating device 4, The aerobic fermentation device 5, the oil removal device 6, the feeding device 1, the sorting device 2, the crushing and washing device 3, the dehydration device 4, and the aerobic fermentation device 5 are arranged in sequence.

The feeding device 1 has a screw feeding end capable of screw extruding and conveying materials, and a water filter end is formed below the screw feeding end.

The sorting device 2 includes a bag-breaking part 21 and a sorting part 22. The bag-breaking part 21 corresponds to the discharge end of the screw feed end and is used to tear up the bag material. The sorting part 22 is located below the bag-breaking part 21. , To sort out inorganic matter and iron.

The crushing and washing device 3 is used for crushing materials and washing the crushed materials.

The dehydration device 4 is used for extruding and dehydrating the washed materials.

The aerobic fermentation device 5 is used to ferment materials to obtain organic fertilizers.

The deoiling device 6 communicates with the feeding device 1 , the crushing and washing device 3 and the dehydration device 4 , and the deoiling device 6 is used to separate oil, water and waste residue of a set weight.

In this device, by arranging the feeding device 1, sorting device 2, crushing and washing device 3, dehydration device 4, and aerobic fermentation device 5 in sequence, the materials are fed through the feeding device 1, and then pass through the sorting device 2 in sequence. , crushing and washing device 3, dehydration device 4 and aerobic fermentation device 5 for processing. First, the screw feed end can squeeze and transport the material, and the moisture in the material will be squeezed and overflowed and discharged through the water filter end, while the material will be It is transported to the bag breaking part 21, and the bag body material is shredded by the bag breaking part 21. The shredded material enters the sorting part 22 and is sorted out inorganic substances and iron blocks, and then it is divided into two parts by the crushing and washing device 3. The selected materials are crushed and washed with water, then squeezed and dehydrated by the dehydration device 4, and finally enter the aerobic fermentation device 5 for fermentation in order to obtain high-quality organic fertilizers. Feeding device 1, crushing and washing The sewage discharged from the device 3 and the dehydration device 4 will be discharged into the degreasing device 6, and the oil, water and waste residue of a set weight will be separated by the degreasing device 6 to realize the classification of garbage.

Further, the sorting processing system also includes an unattended intelligent weighing device 7 and a deodorizing system.

Unattended intelligent weighing device 7 uses the latest computer software and hardware technology, adopts IC card access control one-card system, Bluetooth or RFID radio frequency technology to bind electronic license plates, infrared positioning to prevent vehicles from weighing up and down errors, and intelligent barrier system to control vehicle distance , Real-time video photography, video recording and transmission, voice broadcast system intelligent reminder, with intelligent weighing software to realize unattended weighing in the weighing room.

According to the particularity of the odor of kitchen waste, the deodorization system mainly uses the alkali washing cycle washing + biological liquid cycle washing deodorization method to treat the waste gas generated during the operation of each workshop. The function is to enter the odor alkali washing cycle washing device from the collection pipeline for pretreatment, mainly to treat the oily components and a small part of the odorous substances in the exhaust gas, and to further humidify the gas, adjust the concentration and temperature, etc., after alkali washing The treated gas enters the biological treatment system for biological deodorization to ensure that the exhaust gas is implemented in accordance with the national "Odor Pollutant Emission Standard" (GB14554-93) secondary standard.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, in some embodiments, the feeding device 1 includes a material receiving part 11 and a material guide 12, the material receiving part 11 is arranged in the receiving material platform for receiving incoming materials, and the material guide 12 It is arranged between the material receiving part 11 and the sorting device 2 for transporting the materials in the material receiving part 11 to the sorting device 2 .

The material receiving part 11 includes a material bin 111, a sealing cover 112 and a nozzle 113. The sealing cover 112 is set on the mouth of the material bin 111 and is connected to the material bin 111 through a cylinder. The contact surface between the sealing cover 112 and the material is welded by 304 stainless steel. The structure is strong and durable, and the sealing cover 112 is controlled by the air pressure system. After the vehicle enters the discharge position, the sealing cover 112 is opened, and the opening of the sealing cover 112 will not affect the working space of the garbage truck. The silo 111 is mainly used for the waste disposal process. The starting end receives, buffers and transmits materials to the lower-level equipment. The nozzle 113 is located in the silo 111, and the nozzle 113 is connected with the water pump in the external water tank through a pipeline, which can wash the grease on the surface of the kitchen. The silo 111 is rinsed to effectively remove the remaining garbage and odor on the surface.

Guide member 12 comprises screw conveyor 121, and one end of screw conveyor 121 is arranged on the bottom of feed bin 111 and communicates with feed bin 111, and the other end of screw feeder 121 extends to sorting device 2 one side, makes feed bin 111 The garbage inside will fall into the screw conveyor 121, and the organic garbage collection vehicle will pour the organic garbage into the bin 111 and then be transported to the sorting device 2 by the screw conveyor 121 for subsequent sorting operations. The screw conveyor 121 uses It is made of 304 stainless steel and adopts shaftless screw conveyor. There is a water filter hole under the screw conveyor 121, which has a water filter function. The structure is sturdy and durable, with forward and reverse functions and overload protection.

Further, there are two screw conveyors 121, and the two screw conveyors 121 are docked and communicated. The material in the silo 111 first enters one of the screw conveyors 121, and is transferred from the screw conveyor 121 to the other. The screw conveyor 121 conveys, and finally enters another screw conveyor 121 to convey to the sorting device 2 .

Further, the screw conveyor 121 includes a screw rod, a motor and a connecting pipe, the two devices are connected by the connecting pipe, and the motor drives the screw rod to rotate, thereby performing screw feeding.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the bag breaking part 21 includes a bag breaking machine 211 for shredding plastic bags, and the shredded garbage falls onto a belt conveyor 221 .

The sorting part 22 includes a belt conveyor 221 and a magnetic separator 222. The belt conveyor 221 is located below the bag breaking machine 211 for receiving the materials dropped from the bag breaking machine 211. A belt conveyor 221 is formed on the belt conveyor 221 for workers to use. The manual sorting position for manually sorting out the inorganic matter in the garbage, the other end of the belt conveyor is provided with a magnetic separator 222 for sorting out the iron in the garbage, and the manual sorting mainly separates hard porcelain, glass and plastic The inorganic matter is sorted out, and the manual sorting position can accommodate 2-4 simultaneous operations. The magnetic separator 222 is used to sort out the iron pieces in the garbage by magnetic suction, and then collect them in a separate garbage bin for transportation. The belt conveyor 221 can transport the materials It is transported to the end close to the magnetic separator 222 through the manual selection position, so that the garbage can be manually sorted, and the manually sorted garbage is then screened by the magnetic separator 222, which can improve the sorting effect.

Further, the belt conveyor 221 includes a belt, a pulley, a motor and a frame, the pulley is provided with more than two and is rotatably mounted on the frame, the belt is sleeved on the outside of the pulley, and the drive shaft of the motor is connected with the pulley. It is used to drive the pulley to rotate to move the garbage on the conveyor belt.

Furthermore, the magnetic separator 222 is mainly composed of a cylinder, a roller, a brush roller, a magnetic system, a tank body, and a transmission part. The cylinder is made of 2-3mm stainless steel plate rolled and welded into a cylinder, and the end cover is cast aluminum or workpiece. The cylinder is connected with stainless steel screws, and the motor drives the cylinder, magnetic roller and brush roller to rotate through a reducer or directly with a stepless speed-adjusting motor. The magnetic block is installed on the bottom plate of the yoke with stainless steel bolts. The shaft of the yoke extends out of the cylinder, and the shaft end is fixed with a crank arm. "Magnetic chain", under the action of magnetic force, the iron block moves to the magnetic pole and is adsorbed on the cylinder, so as to realize the sorting of garbage.

Further, in some embodiments, the crushing and washing device 3 includes a first conveyor 31 , a crusher 32 , a second conveyor 33 and a drum washing machine 34 .

The first conveyor 31 is used to transport the materials sorted by the sorting device 2 to the crusher 32 .

Crusher 32 is a twin-shaft shredder, which is used to crush organic waste, and crush 80% of the organic waste to a particle size below 10mm for subsequent pressing and biochemical treatment. The double-shaft shredder is used, and the process is reliable. High performance, low energy consumption, simple operation and less maintenance, integrates all the technologies required for high-efficiency crushing; due to its high-quality production quality and mature design concept, the primary crusher can process any material, at the same time, it can guarantee low With high processing capacity under operating costs, it can run 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

The second conveyor 33 is used to transport the pulverized material to the drum washing machine 34 .

The drum washing machine 34 is provided with a drum screen, a spiral blade and a cleaning head, the spiral blade is arranged in the drum screen and can rotate to stir the material, and the cleaning head is used to spray water towards the material in the drum screen to realize the cleaning Washing, one side of the drum screen forms a sewage discharge end for the mixed discharge of cleaned oil, salt and water, and one side of the drum washing machine 34 forms an inorganic matter discharge end for garbage discharge. Under the joint action of the cleaning head, the material can also be continuously transported forward during the process of cleaning, degreasing and desalting, so that the cleaned material can be automatically transported to the inorganic discharge end for discharge, and the cleaned oil, salt and water are mixed together It will be discharged from the sewage discharge end, and the desalination and oil removal treatment of the kitchen waste will greatly reduce the oil and salt content in the kitchen waste after treatment, which is conducive to the subsequent fermentation treatment.

Further, in some embodiments, the dehydration device 4 includes a dehydration press 41, and the dehydration press 41 corresponds to the discharge end of the crushing and washing device 3, and is used for pressing and dehydrating the washed materials. The water content of the treated garbage is about 55%-60%.

Furthermore, the twin-shaft shredder, the drum washing machine 34 and the dehydration press 41 are all prior art, and are widely used in waste plastics, waste rubber, wood and other bulky wastes, and can be understood with reference to their working principles.

Further, in some embodiments, the aerobic fermentation device 5 includes a lifting conveyor 51 , a horizontal conveyor 52 and several fermentation bins 53 .

One end of the lifting conveyor 51 communicates with the discharge end of the dewatering device 4 , and the other end of the lifting conveyor 51 communicates with the horizontal conveyor 52 .

A plurality of fermentation bins 53 are arranged below the horizontal conveyor 52 along the length direction of the horizontal conveyor 52 .

The horizontal conveyor 52 is placed horizontally and horizontally, and has a plurality of discharge ports corresponding to the fermentation bins 53, each discharge port is provided with an electric gate valve.

The pretreated material is lifted by the lifting conveyor 51 and then enters the horizontal conveyor 52. The horizontal pipeline extends to the last fermentation bin 53 of this production line. The connection between the conveying pipeline and the fermentation bin 53 is controlled by an electric gate valve. When the fermentation bin 53 is full of materials, the electric gate valve of the first fermentation bin 53 is automatically closed, and the material enters the next fermentation bin 53, and so on until the last fermentation bin 53 of the unit is full; the moisture content is lower than 30% When the water content is low, the ability of aerobic bacteria to extract nutrients in water is reduced, and the decomposition of organic matter is slow; when the water content is lower than 12% to 15%, the activity of microorganisms almost stops, on the contrary, when the water content exceeds 65%, the water will be full of materials The gaps between the particles block the passage of the air, so that the air content is greatly reduced, the fermentation is transformed from an aerobic state to anaerobic state, and the temperature drops sharply. As a result, a stinky intermediate product is formed. for the best conditions.

As shown in FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, the oil removal device 6 includes a three-phase centrifuge 61 , a heating tank 62 and several storage tank pools 63 .

The feeding end of the heating tank 62 is in communication with the feeding device 1, the crushing and washing device 3 and the dehydration device 4, and is used for heating the kitchen filtrate at high temperature.

The heating tank 62 is mainly heated by coal, electricity or natural gas, and water is used as the heating medium to generate heat energy to heat the materials in the tank

The feed end of the three-phase centrifuge 61 communicates with the heating tank 62, and is used for separating oil, water and waste residue of a set weight under centrifugal action.

The working principle of the three-phase centrifuge is that two liquid phases and one solid phase enter the centrifuge, and rely on the centrifugal force field to enlarge them thousands of times. The solid phase is settled under the action of centrifugal force, and the two liquid phases also appear to be stratified. , so as to achieve solid-liquid-liquid three-phase separation, and are discharged from the body under the action of a special mechanism. The whole feeding and separation process is continuous, closed and automatic.

The three-phase centrifuge is mainly composed of a drum, a screw, a differential, a frame, a casing, a motor and other components. When the material to be separated is transported into the drum of the centrifuge by the feed pump, the drum rotating at high speed generates a strong centrifugal force to settle the solid phase particles with a higher density than the liquid phase to the inner wall of the drum. Due to the different speeds of the screw and the drum , There is relative motion between the two (that is, speed difference, adjustable), and the dense solid (slag) settles on the drum wall. Two supernatants with different densities form concentric cylinders, with the lighter liquid phase in the inner layer and the heavier liquid phase in the outer layer. The thickness of different liquid rings can be adjusted through the liquid adjusting plate (that is, the water content in the oil or the oil content in the water can be adjusted), and the slag deposited on the wall of the drum is conveyed to the cone end of the drum by the screw conveyor, and is discharged from the discharge The material port is discharged into the solid volume material box, and the water and oil are respectively discharged from their respective outlets. The whole three-phase separation process of oil, water and slag is automatically fed and discharged.

Each storage tank pool 63 communicates with the outlet end of the three-phase centrifuge 61 respectively, and is respectively used for temporarily storing separated water, waste residue and grease, and after being heated by the heating tank 62, the solid grease in the kitchen waste is liquefied, and at the same time Reduce the viscosity of the material and improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation. In addition, the traditional gravity sedimentation oil separation is changed to centrifugal separation and coarse-grained separation, which shortens the oil separation time and improves the oil-water separation efficiency. The kitchen filtrate treated by the heating tank 62 , enter the three-phase centrifuge 61 through the delivery pump, and under the action of centrifugal force, the waste residue, oil, and water of heavier particles are separated, and the separated oil, water, and waste residue are all sent to the storage tank pool 63 for temporary storage, and the storage tank The grease in the pool 63 is sold to a company with grease treatment qualifications by a grease collection and transportation vehicle for advanced treatment. The separated water is pumped to the sewage treatment system, and the separated waste residue is received by the trash can and then transported outside.

Furthermore, the first conveyor 31 , the second conveyor 33 , the lifting conveyor 51 and the horizontal conveyor 52 are all screw conveyors.

In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a sorting and processing method for kitchen and kitchen waste, which is applied to the above-mentioned sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste. The method includes:

S100: firstly, the food waste with a moisture content of about 85% enters the feeding device 1, and when the screw feeding device 1 is in operation, 70% of the water will be squeezed to the filter water end by squeezing and conveying the material;

S200: The garbage conveyed by the screw goes to the bag-breaking part 21. The bag-breaking part 21 tears the plastic bag to make the garbage fall in the sorting part 22. The inorganic matter and iron are sorted out by the sorting part 22, which will be cleaned at this stage Out of 99% of inorganic substances;

S300: Use the crushing and washing device 3 to crush the organic matter to less than 10mm, wash it with water after crushing, remove 90% of the oil and salt on the surface, and then use the dehydration device 4 to perform extrusion dehydration. The moisture content of the extruded material is about 60%, and finally enter Carry out fermentation to aerobic fermentation device 5;

S400: The filtrate discharged from the feeding device 1, the crushing and washing device 3 and the dehydration device 4 passes through the degreasing device 6 to separate waste residue, oil and water and store them separately. The degreasing efficiency reaches 97%-99.5%.

What needs to be explained here is that the corresponding methods provided by the above embodiments can implement the technical solutions described in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

The present invention also provides a more specific embodiment to illustrate the above steps S100-S400:

Step 1. When the garbage is dumped, the air cylinder drives the sealing cover 112 to open, and the food waste with a moisture content of about 85% is poured into the bin 111 on the receiving platform, and the nozzle 113 in the bin 111 sprays water on the material to Rinse the grease on the surface of the food waste, and the food waste then falls into the screw conveyor 121, passes through the screw conveyor 121, and the screw conveyor 121 conveys the material by extrusion, which will squeeze 70% of the water until it is filtered out from the bottom ;

Step 2: The garbage conveyed by the screw goes to the bag breaking machine 211, and the bag breaking roller in the bag breaking machine 211 tears the plastic bag when it rotates, and the garbage after bag breaking falls on the belt conveyor 221, and the belt conveyor 221 Carry out the transportation of materials. During the transportation, workers stand at the manual sorting position to sort inorganic materials such as hard porcelain, glass and plastics. The manually sorted garbage then enters the magnetic separator 222, and uses the magnetic separator 222 screen out the iron in the garbage, and this stage can clean up 99% of the inorganic matter;

Step 3. Use the first conveyor 31 to transport the material to the crusher 32. The crusher 32 crushes the organic matter to a particle size below 10 mm. After the crushing, the second conveyor sends the material to the drum washing machine 34 for washing to remove the surface of the kitchen waste. 90% oil and salt, and then use the dehydration press 41 to carry out extrusion dehydration, and the moisture content of the extruded material is about 60%, and finally sent to the horizontal conveyor 52 through the lifting conveyor 51 for transportation, and the corresponding electric motor during transportation The gate valve is opened, and the material enters the fermentation bin 53 immediately. When the material level gauge detects that the fermentation bin 53 is full of materials, the electric gate valve of the first fermentation bin 53 is automatically closed, and the material enters the next fermentation bin 53, so that the material can be processed. fermentation;

Step 4: The filtrate discharged from the garbage screw extrusion, water washing, dehydration and other processes will be discharged to the heating tank 62. After being heated at a high temperature in the heating tank 62, the material will enter the three-phase centrifuge 61. The heavy particles of waste residue, oil, and water are separated, and the separated oil, water, and waste residue are sent to the storage tank pool 63 for temporary storage, and the oil in the storage tank pool 63 is sold to enterprises with oil treatment qualifications through the oil collection and transportation vehicle Advanced treatment is carried out, the separated water is pumped to the sewage treatment system, and the separated waste residue is received by the trash can, and then transported outside, the oil removal efficiency reaches 97% to 99.5%;

Step 5. The odor generated in all stages is collected by the odor pipeline, absorbed by the odor fan and entered into the odor scrubber for treatment.

According to the complex characteristics of kitchen waste, the present invention performs spiral extrusion + bag breaking + manual sorting + magnetic separation + crushing + washing sorting + dehydration + aerobic fermentation on kitchen waste, and adopts multi-stage processes for processing, which can not only ensure The sorting of all kinds of garbage is reasonable and standardized, and can greatly reduce the total operating cost of comprehensive wastewater and improve the economic benefits of the project.

In the pretreatment stage, the present invention adopts manual sorting + crushing and sorting + washing and sorting + dehydration pressing, and the organic matter sorting rate reaches 99%, and further aerobic fermentation can decompose the organic matter with a water content of about 60%, and the decomposition rate reaches 90%. %; After fermentation, the moisture content after fermentation is greatly reduced (generally less than 35%), and the temperature during fermentation can reach 65-75 degrees, which can ensure the killing of various pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds, etc., and can produce safe High-quality organic fertilizer; through oil removal, oil-water separation can be better achieved, and the oil removal efficiency is 97% to 99.5%, so as to ensure the stable operation of subsequent sewage biochemistry.

Compared with other current treatment processes, the present invention has more thorough sorting effect, smaller investment, low energy consumption, small footprint, and is more convenient for system management and operator operation.

The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical concept of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste, characterized in that it includes: a feeding device, a sorting device, a crushing and washing device, a dehydration device, an aerobic fermentation device and an oil removal device, the feeding device device, sorting device, crushing and washing device, dehydration device, and aerobic fermentation device are arranged in sequence, The feeding device has a screw feeding end capable of screw extruding and conveying materials, and a water filter end is formed under the screw feeding end; The sorting device includes a bag-breaking part and a sorting part. The bag-breaking part corresponds to the discharge end of the screw feeding end and is used to tear up the bag material. The sorting part is set at the breaking part. The bottom part of the bag is used to sort out inorganic substances and iron pieces; The crushing and washing device is used for crushing materials and washing the crushed materials; The dehydration device is used to squeeze and dehydrate the washed material; The aerobic fermentation device is used to ferment materials to obtain organic fertilizers; The deoiling device is in communication with the feeding device, the crushing and washing device and the dehydration device, and the deoiling device is used to separate oil, water and waste residue with a set weight. 2. A sorting and processing system for kitchen waste and kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, the feeding device includes a material receiving part and a material guiding part, and the material receiving part is arranged on the receiving material The platform is used to receive incoming materials, and the material guide is arranged between the material receiving member and the sorting device for transporting the materials in the receiving member to the sorting device. 3. A sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, the material receiving part includes a silo, a sealing cover and a nozzle, and the sealing cover is set on the The mouth of the silo is rotatably connected with the silo through a cylinder, the nozzle is arranged in the silo, and the nozzle is connected with the water pump in the external water tank through a pipeline, and is used for washing the grease and oil on the surface of the kitchen. Flush the silo. 4. A sorting and processing system for kitchen waste and kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that the material guide includes a screw conveyor, and one end of the screw conveyor is set at the silo The bottom of the screw conveyor communicates with the silo, the other end of the screw conveyor extends to one side of the sorting device for transporting raw organic waste, and a water filter hole is arranged under the screw conveyor. 5. A sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bag breaking part includes a bag breaking machine for shredding plastic bags; The sorting part includes a belt conveyor and a magnetic separator. The belt conveyor is located under the bag breaking machine for receiving materials dropped from the bag breaking machine. The manual sorting position for sorting out the inorganic matter in the garbage, the other end of the belt conveyor is equipped with a magnetic separator for sorting out the iron in the garbage, and the belt conveyor is used to pass the material through the manual selection position Convey to the end close to the magnetic separator. 6. A sorting and processing system for kitchen waste and kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the crushing and washing device includes a first conveyor, a crusher, a second conveyor and a drum washing machine, The first conveyor is used to transport the materials sorted by the sorting device to the crusher, and the; The crusher is a two-shaft shredder, which is used to crush organic waste, and crush 80% of the organic waste to a particle size below 10mm; The second conveyor is used to transport the pulverized material to the drum washing machine; The drum washing machine is equipped with a drum screen, a spiral blade and a cleaning head. The spiral blade is arranged in the drum screen and can rotate to stir the material. The cleaning head is used to face the material in the drum screen. Spray water to continuously convey the material forward during the process of cleaning, degreasing and desalting. One side of the drum screen forms a sewage discharge end for the mixed discharge of cleaned oil, salt and water. The drum washing machine One side is formed with an inorganic substance discharge end for garbage discharge. 7. A sorting and processing system for kitchen waste and kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehydration device comprises a dehydration press, and the discharge of the dehydration press and the crushing and washing device Corresponding to the end, it is used to press and dehydrate the washed materials. The water content of the garbage after the dehydration press is 55%-60%. 8. A sorting and processing system for kitchen waste and kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the aerobic fermentation device includes a lifting conveyor, a horizontal conveyor and several fermentation bins, One end of the lifting conveyor communicates with the discharge end of the dewatering device, and the other end of the lifting conveyor communicates with the horizontal conveyor; A plurality of the fermentation bins are arranged below the horizontal conveyor along the length direction of the horizontal conveyor; The horizontal conveyor is placed horizontally and horizontally, and it has a plurality of discharge ports corresponding to the plurality of fermentation bins, each of the discharge ports is provided with an electric gate valve, when it is detected that the fermentation bin is full of materials, The electric gate valve of the first fermentation bin is automatically closed when it is full, so that the material can enter the next fermentation bin. 9. A sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the degreasing device includes a three-phase centrifuge, a heating tank and several storage tanks, The feeding end of the heating tank is connected with the feeding device, the crushing washing device and the dehydration device, and is used to heat the kitchen filtrate; The feeding end of the three-phase centrifuge is connected to the heating tank, and is used to separate oil, water and waste residue with a set weight under centrifugal action; Each of the storage tanks is respectively connected to the outlet of the three-phase centrifuge, and is respectively used for temporarily storing separated water, waste residue and grease. 10. A sorting and processing method for kitchen and kitchen waste, which is applied to the sorting and processing system for kitchen and kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises: S100: firstly, the food waste enters the feeding device, and when the screw feeding device is in operation, the material is conveyed by extrusion, and 70% of the water will be squeezed to the filter water end; S200: The garbage conveyed by the screw goes to the bag-breaking part, and the bag-breaking part tears the plastic bag to make the garbage fall into the sorting part, and the inorganic matter and iron blocks are sorted out by the sorting part, This stage will clean up 99% of inorganic matter; S300: Use the crushing and washing device to crush the organic matter to less than 10mm, wash it with water after crushing, remove 90% of the oil and salt on the surface, and then use the dehydration device to perform extrusion dehydration. The moisture content of the extruded material is 60%, and finally enter the Aerobic fermentation device for fermentation; S400: The filtrate discharged from the feeding device, crushing and washing device and dehydration device passes through the degreasing device to separate waste residue, oil and water and store them separately. The degreasing efficiency reaches 97% to 99.5%.

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