CN111316859A - Method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers - Google Patents
Method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316859A CN111316859A CN202010130861.7A CN202010130861A CN111316859A CN 111316859 A CN111316859 A CN 111316859A CN 202010130861 A CN202010130861 A CN 202010130861A CN 111316859 A CN111316859 A CN 111316859A
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- bamboo shoot
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly discloses a method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers, which comprises the following steps: mixing bamboo shoot powder, cottonseed hulls, bran and lime to obtain a culture material, then bagging, inoculating, spawn running, performing fruiting management and finally harvesting. The invention realizes the resource utilization of the bamboo shoot leftovers and reduces the environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers.
Background
Under the new international agricultural pattern, the research and popularization of edible fungus cultivation technology need to follow the sustainable road of the combination of economic benefit and environmental protection by taking the standardization of green edible fungi as a reference and following the development requirement of the market. Therefore, the cultivation technology of domestic edible fungi needs to be continuously improved and innovated, and the cultivation technology which is more beneficial needs to be developed by combining with scientific strength. At present, the substrates for cultivating edible fungi mainly comprise cottonseed hulls, corncobs, rice hull chaff, rice bran, lotus seed hulls, wheat, wood dust and the like, China is a big country for bamboo shoot production, and in the process of bamboo shoot production and processing, the rejected and discarded bamboo shoot hulls, the inedible bamboo shoot hulls and the leftovers of bamboo shoot heads account for more than 50 percent, so that great waste is caused.
In the traditional cultivation method, corncobs, cottonseed hulls, sawdust, straws, bagasse and the like are mainly used as cultivation raw materials, but because the raw materials are widely applied in other fields and are used in more amount, the situation of shortage of goods sources and price rise is inevitably caused to a certain extent, and the control on the production cost of edible fungi is extremely unfavorable. Therefore, the research of novel culture materials except for traditional raw materials becomes the key point of research in related fields.
In the prior art, cottonseed hulls and corncobs are mainly used, and sugars and other auxiliary materials are added into a culture medium, so that the production cost is greatly increased, and the process is complicated. The corncob particles are large, the hardness is high, and the water absorption and retention capacity is poor; the cultivation raw material resources in the prior art are in short supply and limited in sources, and the cultivation raw material is widely applied to other fields, and has negative influence on the planting income of mushroom farmers.
A large amount of fresh and tender bamboo shoot shells, bamboo shoot heads and the like can be left after the processing of the bamboo shoots, particularly, when the spring bamboo shoots are on the market, discarded bamboo shoot processing leftovers can be seen everywhere beside street lanes and village roads, except for part of the leftovers which are intensively transported to a garbage dump for landfill, the rest leftovers are all stacked in the field and the river, and some leftovers drift along with water, so that the problems of stink and environmental pollution can be caused for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the bamboo shoot leftovers in the sun, crushing, and sieving to obtain bamboo shoot powder;
s2, mixing the bamboo shoot powder obtained in the step S1 with cottonseed hulls, bran and lime to obtain a culture material;
s3, bagging the compost obtained in the step S2 to obtain a fungus bag, and then sterilizing;
s4, after the temperature of the sterilized fungus bag of the S3 is cooled to the room temperature, inoculation is carried out, and fungus starting is carried out after the inoculation is finished;
s5, standing for 5-7 days after the mycelia in the inoculated fungus bags are full in S4, obtaining mature fungus bags of the mycelia when the mycelia are mature and a few fungus bags have fruiting body primordia, and then performing fruiting management;
and S6, when the mycelium mature fungus bags in the S5 grow mushroom, the fungus caps become thin, and the fungus bags are harvested when the fungus bags do not open.
Preferably, in S1, the crushing width of the bamboo shoot powder is 0.01-0.04 cm.
Preferably, in S2, the water content of the culture material is 50-70%, and the pH value is 7.5-8.5.
Preferably, in S2, the bamboo shoot leftovers account for 70-90% of the culture material, the cottonseed hulls, the bran and the lime account for 10-30% of the culture material, and the mass ratio of the cottonseed hulls, the bran and the lime is 3-5:10-13: 2.
More preferably, in S2, the components in the compost respectively account for 80% of leftovers of bamboo shoots, 5% of cottonseed hulls, 13% of bran and 2% of lime by mass.
Preferably, in S3, the sterilization method is autoclaving, the sterilization temperature is 120-125 ℃, and the sterilization time is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, in S4, in the inoculation process, the surface strains are removed first, and then the strains are taken out by using sterilized forceps and inoculated into the strain bags.
Preferably, in S4, the inoculation process is performed in an aseptic environment, in the spawn running process, the spawn running temperature is controlled to be 23-27 ℃, the relative humidity is 60% -75%, the illumination intensity is 0-50lx, the air is kept smooth, and the spawn bags are turned over once every 6-8 days.
Preferably, in S5, the primary humidification mode for forming the mycelium-matured mycelium bags is spray humidification, and when the pileus grows to 1 to 3cm, the humidification mode is spray humidification.
Preferably, in S5, the fruiting management specifically comprises: the temperature is controlled to be 10-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 80% -95%, and scattered light is provided and ventilation is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the leftovers from bamboo shoot processing are utilized to cultivate the edible fungi, so that the leftovers can be recycled, and the problem of environmental pollution is solved, thereby achieving two purposes at one time.
2. The bamboo shoot processing leftovers are used for cultivating edible fungi, can promote the efficiency increase of the bamboo industry, increase the income of farmers, prolong the industrial chain and provide technical support for the new strategy of country vibration.
3. The leftovers from bamboo shoot processing are used as the main raw materials of the edible fungus culture medium, so that the localization of the edible fungus culture raw materials is realized, the culture cost is reduced, and the benefit is improved.
4. The edible fungi cultivated by the bamboo shoot processing leftovers are green and safe, can be used as characteristic tourism products of bamboo production areas, and are beneficial to promoting the development of bamboo industry, edible fungus industry and green edible fungus food processing industry, promoting the development of local economy, creating local tourism industry and realizing the concept of countryside joy, local abundance and national abundance development.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the bamboo shoot leftovers in the sun, crushing the bamboo shoot leftovers to the width of 0.01-0.04cm, and sieving the bamboo shoot leftovers by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot powder;
s2, mixing the bamboo shoot powder obtained in the step S1 with cottonseed hulls, bran and lime, adjusting the water content to 60%, and adjusting the pH value to 8 to obtain a culture material, wherein the components in the culture material comprise 80% of bamboo shoot leftovers, 5% of cottonseed hulls, 13% of bran and 2% of lime in percentage by mass;
s3, bagging the compost obtained in the step S2, and then carrying out autoclaving at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 2 hours;
s4, after the temperature of the fungus bags sterilized in the S3 is cooled to room temperature, inoculating the fungus bags in an aseptic environment, wherein the edible fungus strain is a pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated species, in the inoculating process, firstly, surface strains are removed, then, the strains are taken out by using sterilized tweezers and are inoculated into the fungus bags, fungus starting is carried out after the inoculating is finished, in the fungus starting process, the fungus starting temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, the illumination intensity is 20lx, the air smoothness is kept, the fungus bags are turned over once every 7 days, and each fungus bag is turned over for 180 degrees;
and S5, standing for 5 days after the mycelia in the inoculated mushroom bags are full in S4, obtaining mature mycelium bags when the mycelia are physiologically mature and a few mushroom bags have fruiting body primordia, wherein the primary humidifying mode of fruiting bodies in the mature mycelium bags is space spray humidifying, the humidifying mode is water spray when pileus grows to 1-3cm, fruiting management is carried out, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃ in the management process, the relative humidity of air is 90%, and scattered light and ventilation are provided.
Example 2:
the method for cultivating the edible fungi by using the bamboo shoot leftovers is basically the same as the step of the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
in S2, the water content of the compost is 50%, the pH value is 7.5, and the mass fractions of the components in the compost are 70% of bamboo shoot leftovers, 6% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of bran and 4% of lime;
in S3, autoclaving at 121 deg.C for 1.5 h;
in the S4, in the spawn running process, the spawn running temperature is controlled to be 23 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 60%, the illumination intensity is 0lx, and the spawn bags are turned over once every 6 days;
in the step S5, in the fruiting management process, the temperature is controlled to be 10 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 80%.
Example 3:
the method for cultivating the edible fungi by using the bamboo shoot leftovers is basically the same as the step of the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
in S2, the water content of the compost is 70%, the pH value is 8.5, and the mass fractions of the components in the compost are 90% of bamboo shoot leftovers, 2.5% of cottonseed hulls, 6.25% of bran and 1.25% of lime;
in S3, autoclaving at 125 deg.C for 0.5 h;
in S4, in the spawn running process, the spawn running temperature is controlled to be 27 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 75%, the illumination intensity is 50lx, and the spawn bags are turned over once every 7 days;
in the step S5, in the fruiting management process, the temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 95%.
Example 4:
the method for cultivating the edible fungi by using the bamboo shoot leftovers is basically the same as the step of the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that: the edible fungus strain used in inoculation is the hybrid eucalyptus mushroom cultivated species.
Example 5:
the method for cultivating the edible fungi by using the bamboo shoot leftovers is basically the same as the step of the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that: the edible fungus strain used in inoculation is the hybrid eucalyptus mushroom cultivated species.
Example 6:
the method for cultivating the edible fungi by using the bamboo shoot leftovers is basically the same as the step in the embodiment 3, and is characterized in that: the edible fungus strain used in inoculation is the hybrid eucalyptus mushroom cultivated species.
The discarded leftovers of the bamboo shoots used in the invention are sourced from local bamboo shoot growers and bamboo shoot processing factories; the phoenix mushroom cultivars and the hybrid you mushroom cultivars used in all embodiments of the invention are all low-temperature cultivars and are purchased through edible fungus cultivation bases provided by Fujian Sanming research institute.
It should be noted that, during inoculation, preferably 2 persons are used in one group, bag opening is opened, inoculation and sealing are continuously carried out, the action is fast, the inoculation time is shortened as much as possible, and the contamination of mixed bacteria is prevented.
In conclusion, the invention provides a method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers, which realizes resource utilization of the leftovers and solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the waste bamboo shoots by cultivating the edible fungi by using the waste bamboo shoot leftovers as main culture materials.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drying the bamboo shoot leftovers in the sun, crushing, and sieving to obtain bamboo shoot powder;
s2, mixing the bamboo shoot powder obtained in the step S1 with cottonseed hulls, bran and lime to obtain a culture material;
s3, bagging the compost obtained in the step S2 to obtain a fungus bag, and then sterilizing;
s4, after the temperature of the sterilized fungus bag of the S3 is cooled to the room temperature, inoculation is carried out, and fungus starting is carried out after the inoculation is finished;
s5, standing for 5-7 days after the mycelium in the inoculated mushroom bag is full in S4, obtaining a mature mycelium bag when the mycelium is mature and sporophore primordium appears in the mushroom bag, and then performing fruiting management;
and S6, when the mycelium mature fungus bags in the S5 grow mushroom, the fungus caps become thin, and the fungus bags are harvested when the fungus bags do not open.
2. The method for cultivating edible fungi using leftovers of bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulverized width of the bamboo shoot powder in S1 is 0.01-0.04 cm.
3. The method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the water content of the compost is 50-70%, and the pH value is 7.5-8.5.
4. The method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers according to claim 3, wherein in S2, the bamboo shoot leftovers account for 70-90% of the mass of the culture material, the cottonseed hulls, the bran and the lime account for 10-30% of the mass of the culture material, and the mass ratio of the cottonseed hulls, the bran and the lime is 3-5:10-13: 2.
5. The method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers according to claim 4, wherein in S2, the mass fractions of the components in the culture material are 80% of bamboo shoot leftovers, 5% of cottonseed hulls, 13% of bran and 2% of lime respectively.
6. The method for cultivating edible fungi using bamboo shoot leftovers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization method in S3 is autoclaving, the sterilization temperature is 120-125 ℃, and the sterilization time is 0.5-2 h.
7. The method for cultivating edible fungi using bamboo shoot leftovers according to claim 1, wherein in the inoculation process of S4, the surface strains are firstly removed, and then the strains are taken out by using sterilized tweezers and inoculated into the fungus bags.
8. The method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers according to claim 7, wherein in the step S4, the inoculation process is carried out in an aseptic environment, the spawn running temperature is controlled to be 23-27 ℃, the relative humidity is 60% -75%, the illumination intensity is 0-50lx, the air is kept smooth, and the fungus bags are turned over once every 6-8 days.
9. The method for cultivating edible mushrooms using bamboo shoot leftovers according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the initial humidification of the fruiting body in the mycelium maturation mushroom bag is performed by spraying water in space, and when the pileus grows to 1-3cm, the humidification is performed by spraying water.
10. The method for cultivating edible fungi by using bamboo shoot leftovers according to claim 9, wherein in the step S5, the fruiting management specifically comprises: the temperature is controlled to be 10-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 80% -95%, and scattered light is provided and ventilation is achieved.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112616563A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 宁化县万菌达生态农业有限公司 | Method for making fungus bag by using bamboo shoot leftovers |
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Application publication date: 20200623 |