CN111302862A - Organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping nursery stocks and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping nursery stocks and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111302862A CN111302862A CN202010279138.5A CN202010279138A CN111302862A CN 111302862 A CN111302862 A CN 111302862A CN 202010279138 A CN202010279138 A CN 202010279138A CN 111302862 A CN111302862 A CN 111302862A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and discloses an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping nursery stocks, a preparation method and application thereof. The invention has simple process and full nutrition, improves the microbial environment of the root system of the nursery stock, has obvious insecticidal and bacteriostatic effects, prevents the root of the nursery stock from being eroded by bacteria to influence the growth of the nursery stock, delays the plant aging and increases the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is rich in a large number of nutrient elements and trace elements required by seedling growth, can maintain normal growth of seedlings, is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, has a good slow release effect, can effectively adjust the release rate of the fertilizer and improve the soil structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and particularly relates to an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art:
in urban ecological environment, landscaping is a means for realizing the harmony between human and natural environment to keep ecological balance and effectively reform the urban environment without environmental pollution. The landscaping takes plants as main bodies, takes various functions of gardens and takes the ecological and economic principles as guidance, so that ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are coordinately developed, garden landscapes are formed, various garden products are produced under possible conditions, the biological diversity is protected, and the most ideal clean, comfortable, beautiful and civilized modern ecological environment is created for human beings.
Urban landscaping is an infrastructure of urban construction and an important component of urban construction. The method plays a remarkable role in improving the urban ecological environment, beautifying the city and improving the life quality of people, and is also an important embodiment for building a harmonious and nice city. The good urban landscaping can provide a place with good rest, cultural entertainment, close to nature and meeting the natural desire of people for urban residents, and is an important measure for protecting ecological environment and improving urban living environment. Landscaping uses abundant natural resources, gardens constructed by artistic conception and a complete green land system to provide cities with city features of being full of life and beautiful and having various characteristics. Landscaping is an important mark for measuring urban civilization level in many countries.
However, with the development of specialization, industrialization and scale of nursery stock planting in China, the requirements for fertilizers are continuously upgraded, and the novel fertilizers are prepared aiming at specific ecological environment and special requirements and aiming at improving the added value of products. The common garden greening seedling fertilizer in the market at present mainly comprises quick-acting chemical fertilizers or urea and other chemical fertilizers, has single nutrient components and large environmental pollution, leads to low disease resistance and poor quality of seedlings, directly influences economic benefit, simultaneously causes soil hardening due to long-term overuse of the chemical fertilizers, influences continuous development of seedling planting and increases planting economic cost.
ZL200610161312.6 provides a special fertilizer for nursery stock, which is characterized in that the special fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, sulfur, ferrous sulfate and malathion according to a proportion, although the special fertilizer has the effects of promoting root growth, preventing diseases and preventing insects, the special fertilizer is mainly chemical fertilizer, so that the fertilizer efficiency time is short, the added value is low, multiple applications are needed, the labor intensity is high, time and labor are wasted, and the fertilizer application cost is high.
ZL200810014485.4 provides a special controlled release fertilizer for ornamental plant cedar and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared by compounding sulphur coated urea, thermoplastic resin coated urea with different coating amounts, a thermoplastic resin coated compound fertilizer, a potassium chloride compound fertilizer and the like. CN101928189A (201010264389.2) provides a long-acting fertilizer for landscaping seedlings and preparation and application thereof. The raw materials are different types of controlled release fertilizers: the long-acting fertilizer for the nursery stock for the landscaping is prepared by compounding various coating fertilizer raw materials by using sulfur-added high-molecular polymer coated urea, 8% thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea, 10% recycled thermoplastic resin coated urea, 5% modified epoxy resin coated diammonium phosphate at a urea bottom coating, 5% modified epoxy resin coated potassium nitrate at the urea bottom coating and diammonium phosphate, and according to the nutrient release rule in soil. The fertilizer efficiency can be prolonged by applying a plurality of coating materials, and can reach 2-3 years. However, the fertilizer mainly contains N, P, K major elements, which cannot well meet the requirements of seedlings on medium and trace elements, and needs to be supplemented separately, thus increasing the fertilization cost.
Therefore, a new organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings and a preparation method thereof are needed to solve the defects of the existing fertilizer and meet the requirement of fertilization of the landscaping seedlings.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing landscaping seedling fertilizer mainly comprises quick-acting chemical fertilizers or urea and other chemical fertilizers, has single nutrient components and large environmental pollution, causes low disease resistance and poor quality of seedlings, and directly influences economic benefits. Meanwhile, due to the long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers, soil hardening is caused, the continuous development of seedling planting is influenced, and the planting economic cost is increased.
(2) The fertilizer is mainly chemical fertilizer, has short fertilizer efficiency time, low added value, large labor intensity, time and labor waste and higher fertilizer application cost, and needs to be applied for multiple times.
(3) The existing fertilizer mainly uses N, P, K and other major elements, cannot well meet the requirements of seedlings on medium and trace elements, and needs to be supplemented independently, so that the fertilizer application cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer is suitable for landscaping nursery stocks and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-25 parts of distiller's grains residue, 6-15 parts of needle mushroom residue, 8-20 parts of rice bran residue, 9-20 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 5-8 parts of potassium nitrate, 4-6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2-3 parts of sulfur powder, 6-17 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of silkworm excrement, 6-13 parts of sophora flower bud, 4-7 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 5-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2.5-4 parts of a soil conditioner, 0.8-1.5 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 1.5-3 parts of a trace element additive, 2-3 parts of an adhesion agent, 0.2-0.7 part of an insecticide and a proper amount of water.
Further, the soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 1.5-2 parts of oxalic acid powder, 1-1.3 parts of borax, 3-7 parts of weathered coal, 1-4 parts of vermiculite powder and 4-8 parts of calcined kaolin.
Further, the compound microbial inoculum comprises 0.1 to 0.3 portion of aspergillus niger, 0.5 to 1.2 portions of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1 to 3 portions of plant probiotics, 1.5 to 3 portions of bacillus licheniformis and 0.7 to 1 portion of streptomyces griseus according to the weight portion.
Further, the microelement additive comprises, by weight, 3-4 parts of manganese humate, 1.5-2 parts of zinc humate, 0.7-1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-0.8 part of copper sulfate, 1-1.2 parts of ferrous sulfate and 4-6 parts of ammonium iron xanthohumate.
Further, the adhesion agent comprises, by weight, 1-4 parts of a slow-release synergist, 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 1-2 parts of vinyl acetate.
Further, the preparation process of the slow release synergist comprises the following steps:
mixing xanthan gum, epoxidized soybean oil and octadecyl primary amine acetate, adding dimethylformamide, heating and stirring, adding octadecyl isocyanate, heating and stirring, adding epoxy resin and octadecyl primary amine, and continuously stirring to obtain the slow-release synergist.
Further, the pesticide is more than one of 5% diazinon granules, 2.5% methylisothiazole granules or 5% methyl stirring and octyl powder.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
step one, placing the sophora japonica into water, weighing the water by using a meter to be 2-3 times of the sophora japonica, boiling and concentrating the water by using a heating device to 1/5 of the original volume, stopping heating to obtain sophora japonica thick slurry, and standing for 20-24 hours at room temperature for later use;
step two, grinding the soil conditioner into pulp by using the sophora flower bud concentrated pulp obtained in the step one by using a grinding device, adding vinasse, flammulina velutipes fungus residues and rice bran residues, and continuing grinding for 15-20 minutes to obtain mixed concentrated pulp;
step three, mixing the silkworm excrement, the fermented soybean meal, the bone meal, the decomposed chicken manure, the composite microbial inoculum and the trace element additive by using a stirring device, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
dissolving ammonium bicarbonate, calcium hydrophosphate and sulfur powder in a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution A; heating and melting urea and potassium nitrate, adding the urea and the potassium nitrate into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution B;
step five, mixing the mixed thick slurry obtained in the step two and the premix obtained in the step three with the mixed solution B, adding the insecticide and the adhesive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
step six, adding a proper amount of water into the mixture obtained in the step five, stirring until the water content of the material is 40% -60%, and performing composting fermentation in a greenhouse; monitoring the temperature and the humidity of the fermentation in real time, and adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the fermentation by using a temperature adjusting device, a humidifier and a dehumidifier;
and step seven, after fermentation is finished, feeding the fermented material into a dryer for drying, and extruding and granulating.
Further, in the sixth step, the compost fermentation time is 20-30 days, the compost is turned at intervals, and the temperature is controlled within the range of 40-60 ℃.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for controlling preparation of organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer for nursery stock for landscaping, which controls the method for preparing organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer for nursery stock for landscaping according to claims 8 to 9, wherein the system for controlling preparation of organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer for nursery stock for landscaping comprises:
the preparation flow presetting module is connected with the main control module and is used for presetting the preparation flows and related parameters related to each flow;
the weighing module is connected with the main control module and is used for weighing raw materials by using the meter;
the heating module is connected with the main control module and is used for carrying out heating treatment by using a heating device;
the grinding module is connected with the main control module and is used for grinding the raw materials by using the grinding device;
the stirring module is connected with the main control module and is used for mixing and stirring based on the stirring device;
the temperature detection module is connected with the main control module and is used for monitoring the prepared temperature in real time by using a temperature sensor;
the humidity detection module is connected with the main control module and is used for monitoring the prepared humidity in real time by utilizing the humidity sensor;
the main control module is connected with the preparation flow presetting module, the weighing module, the heating module, the grinding module, the stirring module, the temperature detection module, the humidity detection module, the temperature regulation module, the humidity regulation module, the drying module and the output module, and is used for controlling the modules to work in sequence based on the preset preparation flow and relevant parameters;
the temperature adjusting module is connected with the main control module and is used for adjusting the environmental temperature based on the preset optimal temperature by using the temperature adjusting device;
the humidity adjusting module is connected with the main control module and used for adjusting the humidity by utilizing the humidifier and the dehumidifier based on the preset optimal humidity;
the drying module is connected with the main control module and is used for drying by using a dryer;
and the output module is connected with the main control module and used for granulating by utilizing a granulator and outputting the prepared organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
the invention uses the wastes such as farmyard manure such as vinasse, rice bran and the like as main raw materials, and the wastes are matched with other components such as urea and the like through a series of reactions to form the fertilizer with the bacteriostatic action suitable for the growth of nursery stocks.
When the light intensity exceeds the photosynthetic saturation requirement, oxidative damage and photosynthetic capacity of the plant photosynthetic apparatus are caused, the phenomenon is called photoinhibition, and the mulberry leaves contain various bioactive factors such as quercetin, catechin and the like, which have strong free radical elimination and oxidation resistance, can relieve photoinhibition to a certain extent and improve the light and speed under strong light, simultaneously has the functions of relieving the oxidative damage of plants and the aging of organisms and improving the stability of cells, thereby playing the role of improving the growth and development of plants and the quality of plant bodies, and rutin and other substances in the sophora flower bud can form a complex with metal ions, and further has higher superoxide anion free radical scavenging capacity, realizes further promotion and improvement of the physiological activity of the plant, and has extremely high potential when the superoxide anion free radical scavenging capacity and the plant physiological activity are jointly applied to preparation of the seedling fertilizer.
The compound fertilizer has comprehensive nutrient elements, balanced nutrients and obvious insecticidal and bacteriostatic effects, contains a large amount of nutrient elements required by the growth of seedlings and trace elements required by the growth of the seedlings, maintains the normal growth of the seedlings, is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, has a good slow release effect, effectively adjusts the release rate of the fertilizer and improves the soil structure.
The invention can intelligently control the whole preparation process, ensure the success rate of preparation and improve the quality of the prepared organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a sustained-release synergist provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing and controlling an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a preparation flow presetting module; 2. a weighing module; 3. a heating module; 4. a grinding module; 5. a stirring module; 6. a temperature detection module; 7. a humidity detection module; 8. a main control module; 9. a temperature adjustment module; 10. a humidity adjustment module; 11. a drying module; 12. and an output module.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of soil organic matter content comparison provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a soil potassium content comparison schematic provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a soil phosphorus content control provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings and a preparation method and application thereof, and the invention is described in detail below by combining with the accompanying drawings.
The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping nursery stocks provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 10-25 parts of vinasse residues, 6-15 parts of flammulina velutipes mushroom residues, 8-20 parts of rice bran residues, 9-20 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 5-8 parts of potassium nitrate, 4-6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2-3 parts of sulfur powder, 6-17 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of silkworm excrement, 6-13 parts of sophora flower bud, 4-7 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 5-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2.5-4 parts of a soil conditioner, 0.8-1.5 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 1.5-3 parts of a trace element additive, 2-3 parts of an adhesive, 0.2-0.7 part of an insecticide and a proper amount of water.
The soil conditioner provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 1.5-2 parts of oxalic acid powder, 1-1.3 parts of borax, 3-7 parts of weathered coal, 1-4 parts of vermiculite powder and 4-8 parts of calcined kaolin.
The composite microbial inoculum provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 0.1-0.3 part of aspergillus niger, 0.5-1.2 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1-3 parts of plant probiotics, 1.5-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 0.7-1 part of streptomyces griseus.
The trace element additive provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 3-4 parts of manganese humate, 1.5-2 parts of zinc humate, 0.7-1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-0.8 part of copper sulfate, 1-1.2 parts of ferrous sulfate and 4-6 parts of ammonium iron xanthohumate.
The adhesion agent provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 1-4 parts of slow release synergist, 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 1-2 parts of vinyl acetate in parts by weight.
The pesticide provided by the embodiment of the invention is more than one of 5% diazinon granules, 2.5% methylisothiazole granules or 5% methyl stirring and octyl powder.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: placing flos Sophorae Immaturus in water, weighing water 2-3 times of flos Sophorae Immaturus by meter, boiling and concentrating water to 1/5 of original volume by heating device, stopping heating to obtain flos Sophorae Immaturus thick slurry, and standing at room temperature for 20-24 hr.
S102: and (4) grinding the soil conditioner into slurry by using the sophora flower bud concentrated slurry obtained in the step (S101) by using a grinding device, adding the vinasse, the flammulina velutipes fungus residues and the rice bran residues, and continuing grinding for 15-20 minutes to obtain mixed concentrated slurry.
S103: and (3) mixing the silkworm excrement, the fermented soybean meal, the bone meal, the decomposed chicken manure, the composite microbial inoculum and the trace element additive by using a stirring device, and uniformly stirring to obtain the premix.
S104: dissolving ammonium bicarbonate, calcium hydrophosphate and sulfur powder in a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution A; heating and melting urea and potassium nitrate, adding into the mixed solution A, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed solution B.
S105: and (4) mixing the mixed thick slurry obtained in the step (S102) and the premix obtained in the step (S103) with the mixed solution B, adding the insecticide and the adhesive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material.
S106: adding a proper amount of water into the mixture obtained in the step S105, stirring until the water content of the material is 40% -60%, and performing composting fermentation in a greenhouse; and monitoring the temperature and the humidity of the fermentation in real time, and adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the fermentation by using a temperature adjusting device, a humidifier and a dehumidifier.
S107: and after fermentation is finished, feeding the fermented material into a dryer for drying, and extruding and granulating.
As shown in fig. 2, the preparation process of the sustained-release synergist provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, mixing xanthan gum, epoxidized soybean oil and octadecyl primary amine acetate;
s202, adding dimethylformamide, heating and stirring, adding octadecyl isocyanate, heating and stirring;
s203, adding epoxy resin and octadecyl primary amine, and continuously stirring to obtain the slow-release synergist.
In S106 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fermentation time of the compost is 20-30 days, the compost is turned at intervals, and the temperature is controlled within the range of 40-60 ℃.
As shown in fig. 3, the system for preparing and controlling an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
and the preparation flow presetting module 1 is connected with the main control module and is used for presetting the preparation flow and related parameters related to each flow.
And the weighing module 2 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for weighing raw materials by using a meter.
And the heating module 3 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for carrying out heating treatment by using a heating device.
And the grinding module 4 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for grinding the raw materials by using the grinding device.
And the stirring module 5 is connected with the main control module 8 and used for mixing and stirring based on the stirring device.
And the temperature detection module 6 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for monitoring the prepared temperature in real time by using a temperature sensor.
And the humidity detection module 7 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for monitoring the prepared humidity in real time by using a humidity sensor.
The main control module 8 is connected with the preparation flow presetting module 1, the weighing module 2, the heating module 3, the grinding module 4, the stirring module 5, the temperature detection module 6, the humidity detection module 7, the temperature regulation module 9, the humidity regulation module 10, the drying module 11 and the output module 12, and is used for controlling the modules to work in sequence based on the preset preparation flow and relevant parameters.
And the temperature adjusting module 9 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for adjusting the ambient temperature based on the preset optimal temperature by using the temperature adjusting device.
And the humidity adjusting module 10 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for adjusting the humidity based on the preset optimal humidity by utilizing the humidifier and the dehumidifier.
And the drying module 11 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for drying by using the dryer.
And the output module 12 is connected with the main control module 8 and is used for granulating by utilizing a granulator and outputting the prepared organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping nursery stocks provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 13 parts of vinasse residues, 8 parts of flammulina velutipes mushroom residues, 11 parts of rice bran residues, 9 parts of urea, 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of sulfur powder, 6 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of silkworm excrement, 6 parts of sophora flower bud, 5 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2.5 parts of a soil conditioner, 0.8 part of a composite microbial inoculum, 1.5 parts of a trace element additive, 2 parts of an adhesive, 0.2 part of a pesticide and a proper amount of water.
The soil conditioner provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 1.5 parts of oxalic acid powder, 1 part of borax, 3 parts of weathered coal, 1 part of vermiculite powder and 4 parts of calcined kaolin.
The composite microbial inoculum provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 0.1 part of aspergillus niger, 0.5 part of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1 part of plant probiotics, 1.5 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 0.7 part of streptomyces griseus in parts by weight.
The trace element additive provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 3 parts of manganese humate, 1.5 parts of zinc humate, 0.7 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 part of copper sulfate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate and 4 parts of ammonium iron fulvate.
The adhesion agent provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 1 part of slow release synergist, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol and 1 part of vinyl acetate in parts by weight.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: placing the sophora japonica into water, wherein the mass of the water is 2 times of that of the sophora japonica, boiling and concentrating the water to 1/5 of the original volume, stopping heating to obtain sophora japonica thick slurry, and standing for 20 hours at room temperature for later use;
s102: grinding the soil conditioner into slurry by using the sophora flower bud concentrated slurry obtained in the step one, adding vinasse, flammulina velutipes fungus residues and rice bran residues, and continuing grinding for 15 minutes to obtain mixed concentrated slurry;
s103: mixing silkworm excrement, fermented soybean meal, bone meal, decomposed chicken manure, a composite microbial inoculum and a trace element additive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
s104: dissolving ammonium bicarbonate, calcium hydrophosphate and sulfur powder in a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution A; heating and melting urea and potassium nitrate, adding the urea and the potassium nitrate into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution B;
s105: mixing the mixed thick slurry obtained in the step S102 and the premix obtained in the step three with the mixed solution B, adding the insecticide and the adhesive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
s106: adding a proper amount of water into the mixture obtained in the step S105, stirring until the water content of the material is 40%, and performing composting fermentation in a greenhouse;
s107: and after fermentation is finished, feeding the fermented material into a dryer for drying, and extruding and granulating.
The compost fermentation time in S106 provided by the embodiment of the invention is 20 days, the compost is turned at intervals, and the temperature is controlled at 40 ℃.
Example 2
The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping nursery stocks provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 11 parts of vinasse residues, 8 parts of flammulina velutipes fungus residues, 9 parts of rice bran residues, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2 parts of sulfur powder, 8 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of silkworm excrement, 7 parts of sophora flower bud, 5 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3 parts of a soil conditioner, 1 part of a composite microbial inoculum, 2 parts of a trace element additive, 2.5 parts of an adhesive, 0.5 part of an insecticide and a proper amount of water.
The soil conditioner provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 1.7 parts of oxalic acid powder, 1.2 parts of borax, 5 parts of weathered coal, 2.5 parts of vermiculite powder and 6 parts of calcined kaolin.
The composite microbial inoculum provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 0.2 part of aspergillus niger, 0.8 part of streptomyces jingyangensis, 2 parts of plant probiotics, 2.2 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 0.8 part of streptomyces griseus in parts by weight.
The trace element additive provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 3.5 parts of manganese humate, 1.7 parts of zinc humate, 0.8 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.6 part of copper sulfate, 1.1 part of ferrous sulfate and 5 parts of ammonium iron fulvate.
The adhesion agent provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 2.5 parts of slow release synergist, 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 1.5 parts of vinyl acetate in parts by weight.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: placing the sophora japonica into water, wherein the mass of the water is 2 times of that of the sophora japonica, boiling and concentrating the water to 1/5 of the original volume, stopping heating to obtain sophora japonica thick slurry, and standing for 22 hours at room temperature for later use;
s102: grinding the soil conditioner into slurry by using the sophora flower bud concentrated slurry obtained in the step one, adding vinasse, flammulina velutipes fungus residues and rice bran residues, and continuing grinding for 17 minutes to obtain mixed concentrated slurry;
s103: mixing silkworm excrement, fermented soybean meal, bone meal, decomposed chicken manure, a composite microbial inoculum and a trace element additive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
s104: dissolving ammonium bicarbonate, calcium hydrophosphate and sulfur powder in a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution A; heating and melting urea and potassium nitrate, adding the urea and the potassium nitrate into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution B;
s105: mixing the mixed thick slurry obtained in the step S102 and the premix obtained in the step three with the mixed solution B, adding the insecticide and the adhesive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
s106: adding a proper amount of water into the mixture obtained in the step S105, stirring until the water content of the mixture is 50%, and performing composting fermentation in a greenhouse;
s107: and after fermentation is finished, feeding the fermented material into a dryer for drying, and extruding and granulating.
In S106 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fermentation time of the compost is 25 days, the compost is turned at intervals, and the temperature is controlled at 50 ℃.
Example 3
The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping nursery stocks provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 10 parts of vinasse residues, 8 parts of flammulina velutipes mushroom residues, 10 parts of rice bran residues, 11 parts of urea, 7 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2 parts of sulfur powder, 10 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of silkworm excrement, 8 parts of sophora flower bud, 5 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2.5 parts of a soil conditioner, 1 part of a composite microbial inoculum, 1.5 parts of a trace element additive, 2.5 parts of an adhesive, 0.5 part of a pesticide and a proper amount of water.
The soil conditioner provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 2 parts of oxalic acid powder, 1.3 parts of borax, 7 parts of weathered coal, 4 parts of vermiculite powder and 8 parts of calcined kaolin.
The composite microbial inoculum provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 0.3 part of aspergillus niger, 1.2 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 3 parts of plant probiotics, 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 01 parts of streptomyces griseus in parts by weight.
The trace element additive provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 4 parts of manganese humate, 2 parts of zinc humate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 part of copper sulfate, 1.2 parts of ferrous sulfate and 6 parts of ammonium iron fulvate.
The adhesion agent provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 4 parts of slow release synergist, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 parts of vinyl acetate in parts by weight.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: placing the sophora japonica into water, wherein the mass of the water is 3 times of that of the sophora japonica, boiling and concentrating the water to 1/5 of the original volume, stopping heating to obtain sophora japonica thick slurry, and standing for 24 hours at room temperature for later use;
s102: grinding the soil conditioner into slurry by using the sophora flower bud concentrated slurry obtained in the step one, adding vinasse, flammulina velutipes fungus residues and rice bran residues, and continuing grinding for 20 minutes to obtain mixed concentrated slurry;
s103: mixing silkworm excrement, fermented soybean meal, bone meal, decomposed chicken manure, a composite microbial inoculum and a trace element additive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
s104: dissolving ammonium bicarbonate, calcium hydrophosphate and sulfur powder in a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution A; heating and melting urea and potassium nitrate, adding the urea and the potassium nitrate into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution B;
s105: mixing the mixed thick slurry obtained in the step S102 and the premix obtained in the step three with the mixed solution B, adding the insecticide and the adhesive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
s106: adding a proper amount of water into the mixture obtained in the step S105, stirring until the water content of the mixture is 60%, and performing composting fermentation in a greenhouse;
s107: and after fermentation is finished, feeding the fermented material into a dryer for drying, and extruding and granulating.
In S106 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fermentation time of the compost is 30 days, the compost is turned at intervals, and the temperature is controlled at 60 ℃.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Experiment 1:
randomly selecting garden soil, and dividing the garden soil into an experimental area and a control area; randomizing the experimental area into 3 parts; applying the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention to soil in an experimental area; while the control zone was not subjected to any treatment; after 6 months, sampling the soil in the experimental area and the control area respectively, and determining the nitrogen and phosphorus content and the organic matter content of the soil; the results are shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
10-25 parts of distiller's grains residue, 6-15 parts of needle mushroom residue, 8-20 parts of rice bran residue, 9-20 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 5-8 parts of potassium nitrate, 4-6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2-3 parts of sulfur powder, 6-17 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of silkworm excrement, 6-13 parts of sophora flower bud, 4-7 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 5-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2.5-4 parts of a soil conditioner, 0.8-1.5 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 1.5-3 parts of a trace element additive, 2-3 parts of an adhesion agent, 0.2-0.7 part of an insecticide and a proper amount of water.
2. The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 1.5-2 parts of oxalic acid powder, 1-1.3 parts of borax, 3-7 parts of weathered coal, 1-4 parts of vermiculite powder and 4-8 parts of calcined kaolin.
3. The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for nursery stocks for garden greening according to claim 1, wherein the compound microbial inoculum comprises 0.1-0.3 part of aspergillus niger, 0.5-1.2 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1-3 parts of plant probiotics, 1.5-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 0.7-1 part of streptomyces griseus by weight.
4. The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for nursery stocks for landscaping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microelement additive comprises, by weight, 3-4 parts of manganese humate, 1.5-2 parts of zinc humate, 0.7-1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-0.8 part of copper sulfate, 1-1.2 parts of ferrous sulfate and 4-6 parts of iron diaminethumate.
5. The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises 1-4 parts by weight of slow-release synergist, 1-2 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 1-2 parts by weight of vinyl acetate.
6. The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation process of the slow-release synergist comprises:
mixing xanthan gum, epoxidized soybean oil and octadecyl primary amine acetate, adding dimethylformamide, heating and stirring, adding octadecyl isocyanate, heating and stirring, adding epoxy resin and octadecyl primary amine, and continuously stirring to obtain the slow-release synergist.
7. The organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for nursery stocks for landscaping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pesticide is one or more of 5% diazinon granules, 2.5% methylisothiazide granules or 5% methyl stirring-octyl powder.
8. A preparation method of the organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer suitable for the nursery stocks for landscaping, which is used for preparing the organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer suitable for the nursery stocks for landscaping as claimed in claims 1-7, wherein the preparation method of the organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer suitable for the nursery stocks for landscaping comprises the following steps:
step one, placing the sophora japonica into water, weighing the water by using a meter to be 2-3 times of the sophora japonica, boiling and concentrating the water by using a heating device to 1/5 of the original volume, stopping heating to obtain sophora japonica thick slurry, and standing for 20-24 hours at room temperature for later use;
step two, grinding the soil conditioner into pulp by using the sophora flower bud concentrated pulp obtained in the step one by using a grinding device, adding vinasse, flammulina velutipes fungus residues and rice bran residues, and continuing grinding for 15-20 minutes to obtain mixed concentrated pulp;
step three, mixing the silkworm excrement, the fermented soybean meal, the bone meal, the decomposed chicken manure, the composite microbial inoculum and the trace element additive by using a stirring device, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
dissolving ammonium bicarbonate, calcium hydrophosphate and sulfur powder in a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution A; heating and melting urea and potassium nitrate, adding the urea and the potassium nitrate into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution B;
step five, mixing the mixed thick slurry obtained in the step two and the premix obtained in the step three with the mixed solution B, adding the insecticide and the adhesive, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
step six, adding a proper amount of water into the mixture obtained in the step five, stirring until the water content of the material is 40% -60%, and performing composting fermentation in a greenhouse; monitoring the temperature and the humidity of the fermentation in real time, and adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the fermentation by using a temperature adjusting device, a humidifier and a dehumidifier;
and step seven, after fermentation is finished, feeding the fermented material into a dryer for drying, and extruding and granulating.
9. The method for preparing an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for nursery stocks for landscaping as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the sixth step, the compost fermentation time is 20-30 days, the compost is turned at intervals, and the temperature is controlled within the range of 40-60 ℃.
10. An organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer preparation control system suitable for landscaping seedlings, for controlling the organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer preparation method suitable for landscaping seedlings as described in claims 8-9, wherein the organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer preparation control system suitable for landscaping seedlings comprises:
the preparation flow presetting module is connected with the main control module and is used for presetting the preparation flows and related parameters related to each flow;
the weighing module is connected with the main control module and is used for weighing raw materials by using the meter;
the heating module is connected with the main control module and is used for carrying out heating treatment by using a heating device;
the grinding module is connected with the main control module and is used for grinding the raw materials by using the grinding device;
the stirring module is connected with the main control module and is used for mixing and stirring based on the stirring device;
the temperature detection module is connected with the main control module and is used for monitoring the prepared temperature in real time by using a temperature sensor;
the humidity detection module is connected with the main control module and is used for monitoring the prepared humidity in real time by utilizing the humidity sensor;
the main control module is connected with the preparation flow presetting module, the weighing module, the heating module, the grinding module, the stirring module, the temperature detection module, the humidity detection module, the temperature regulation module, the humidity regulation module, the drying module and the output module, and is used for controlling the modules to work in sequence based on the preset preparation flow and relevant parameters;
the temperature adjusting module is connected with the main control module and is used for adjusting the environmental temperature based on the preset optimal temperature by using the temperature adjusting device;
the humidity adjusting module is connected with the main control module and used for adjusting the humidity by utilizing the humidifier and the dehumidifier based on the preset optimal humidity;
the drying module is connected with the main control module and is used for drying by using a dryer;
and the output module is connected with the main control module and used for granulating by utilizing a granulator and outputting the prepared organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer.
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