CN111286010A - 一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于化学及新材料技术领域,具体涉及一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明以1,3,5‑三乙炔苯作为构筑基元,与不同的溴代含苯环化合物通过Sonogashira偶联反应合成了亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNUs,该类材料的接触角均大于150°。通过简单的浸泡方式可将上述材料成功负载在涤纶布上,制备得到的亲油超疏水涤纶布可用于油/水混合物或者有机溶剂/水混合物的有效分离。本发明提供的一类亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料的合成方法,工艺简单,疏水效果显著;制备得到的亲油超疏水涤纶布在苛刻条件如强酸、强碱或是高温条件下均能保持其优异的疏水性能,在油/水分离领域具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学及新材料技术领域,具体涉及一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着工业化发展,工业化学品和石油的泄漏,对环境,尤其是水生生态系统造成了严重破坏,因此如何将石油或有机溶剂与水进行高效分离成为科学家们急需解决的问题。目前常用的分离技术如原位燃烧、吸收、膜过滤和化学处理等方法已广泛应用于清理油污水或者工业废水。其中,吸收法是最经济和生态友好的,因为吸附没有二次污染产生,并且对油/水混合物有很好的分离效果。目前,人们已经发现并合成出许多可用于油/水分离的材料:天然材料,如棉花、木屑等可用于吸附,但是它们的选择性较差,吸收率低,可回收性差;人工合成的材料,如无机纳米片、微孔凝胶、纤维素材料等,这些材料在油/水分离中具有较好的选择性和分离效率,但存在着工艺要求高、成本高、通用性低等缺点。因此,制备具有特殊润湿性、操作简便、成本低廉的亲油疏水材料在分离技术中受到越来越多的关注。
多孔芳香骨架材料作为一种新兴的多孔有机聚合物,具有其独特的优势:原子间的连接方式为强共价键,具有优异的化学稳定性和热稳定性;可利用的合成单体种类众多,孔径尺寸可调控;合成方法多样化,制备条件简单,且产物易于功能化,因此该类材料被广泛应用于气体储存与分离、多相催化、能量转换和储能等领域。由于多孔芳香骨架材料具有高度灵活的分子可设计性和骨架结构可调控性,其结构和功能可预先设计,在亲油疏水材料的设计与制备领域具有很好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料的制备方法,将其应用于环境中油/水混合物或者有机溶剂/水混合物的有效分离。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,是以1,3,5-三乙炔苯和溴代含苯环化合物为构筑单元,在催化剂的作用下进行Sonogashira偶联反应,得到的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料。
一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,具有如下的化学结构:
优选地,上述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,制备方法如下:
1)合成:加入反应单体1,3,5-三乙炔苯和溴代含苯环化合物,再加入催化剂碘化亚铜和四(三苯基膦)钯,进行三次气体置换过程,使整个体系充满氮气,然后加入N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺和三乙胺溶剂,反应在80℃温度下反应72小时,得粗产物;
2)后处理:将粗产物冷却到室温,用四氢呋喃,氯仿,二氯甲烷,丙酮和无水乙醇溶剂反复多次洗涤,再依次用四氢呋喃、氯仿、二氯甲烷和甲醇对粗产物进行索氏提取,在90℃真空干燥24小时,得到的固体粉末即为目标产物亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNUs。
优选地,上述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,步骤1)中,所述的溴代含苯环化合物是2,7-二溴-9-芴酮、2,7-二溴-9,10-菲醌、2,6-二溴蒽醌中的一种。
优选地,上述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:溴代含苯环化合物=1:1-5。
优选地,上述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:溴代含苯环化合物=1:1.5。
优选地,上述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,步骤1)中,按质量比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺:三乙胺=1:0.126:0.03。
优选地,上述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,步骤1)中,按质量比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:四(三苯基膦)钯:碘化亚铜=1:0.2:0.067。
一种亲油超疏水材料,制备方法包括如下步骤:将织物浸渍在含有权利要求1或2所述的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料的四氢呋喃溶液中超声处理,再将浸渍过的织物在室温下自然晾干。
一种亲油超疏水材料在分离油/水混合物或有机溶剂/水混合物中的应用,方法如下,于含有油的污水,或含有泄漏原油的污水,或含有有机溶剂的污水中加入按照上述的方法制备的疏水亲油材料,静止吸附。
在本发明中以1,3,5-三乙炔苯作为构筑基元,与不同的溴代含苯环化合物通过Sonagashira偶联反应合成了一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNUs。通过简单浸泡的方法将LNUs材料负载在涤纶布上,制备得到的亲油超疏水涤纶布可用于油/水混合物或者有机溶剂/水混合物的有效分离。这种制备亲油超疏水材料的方法简便易行,成本廉价,分离效率高。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益结果是:(1)本发明所采用反应单体廉价易得。(2)本发明所述的合成方法操作简单,具有广泛的适用性。(3)本发明合成的LNUs负载在涤纶布上,制备得到亲油超疏水涤纶布,可用于油/水混合物或者有机溶剂/水混合物的有效分离。
附图说明
图1-1是实施例1合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25和反应单体的红外谱图。
图1-2是实施例2合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-26和反应单体的红外谱图。
图1-3是实施例3合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-27和反应单体的红外谱图。
图2是实施例1-实施例3合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25,LNU-26,LNU-27的粉末X-射线衍射谱图。
图3是实施例1-实施例3合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25,LNU-26,LNU-27的热重曲线。
图4-1是实施例1合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25的接触角。
图4-2是实施例2合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-26的接触角。
图4-3是实施例3合成的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-27的接触角。
图5是本发明制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布的扫描电镜图;
其中,a:原始涤纶布;b:负载LNU-25的涤纶布;c:负载LNU-26的涤纶布;d:负载LNU-27的涤纶布。
图6是本发明制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布分别滴入水和氯仿后的图片;
其中,a:原始涤纶布;b:负载LNU-25的涤纶布;c:负载LNU-26的涤纶布;d:负载LNU-27的涤纶布。
图7是本发明制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布(LNU-25)上分别滴加不同pH水溶液后所得接触角与pH的关系图。
图8是本发明制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布(LNU-25)经过不同温度处理后滴加水溶液所得接触角与温度的关系图。
图9是本发明制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布(LNU-25)上滴加不同pH水溶液后的水滴形状对比图。
图10-1是实施例1制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布(LNU-25)对油和有机溶剂的分离效果图。
图10-2是实施例2制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布(LNU-26)对油和有机溶剂的分离效果图。
图10-3是实施例3制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布(LNU-27)对油和有机溶剂的分离效果图。
具体实施方式
下面具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的阐述,LNUs的制备实验具体过程如下:
实施例1亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25的合成
(一)合成路线如下:
(二)制备方法如下:
1.样品的合成
将151mg的1,3,5-三乙炔苯(0.998mmoL)和508mg的2,7-二溴-9-芴酮(1.498mmoL)放入100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mg碘化亚铜和30mg四(三苯基膦)钯后,进行三次气体置换过程,使整个体系充满氮气,然后通过注射方式向反应容器中加入20mL N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺和8mL三乙胺溶剂,反应在80℃温度下反应72小时,得粗产物。
2.样品的后处理
待反应结束后,将粗产物冷却到室温,依次用四氢呋喃,氯仿,丙酮反复多次洗涤,除去未反应的单体或催化剂残留。再依次用四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和甲醇对粗产物进行索氏提取24h,温度为80-100℃,在90℃真空干燥24小时,得到的黄色粉末即为本发明所述的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25。
实施例2亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-26的合成
(一)合成路线如下:
(二)制备方法如下:
1.样品的合成
将151mg的1,3,5-三乙炔苯(0.998mmoL)和549mg的2,7-二溴-9,10-菲醌(1.498mmoL)放入100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mg碘化亚铜和30mg四(三苯基膦)钯后,进行三次气体置换过程,使整个体系充满氮气,然后通过注射方式向反应容器中加入20mL N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺和8mL三乙胺溶剂,反应在80℃温度下反应72小时。
2.样品的后处理
待反应结束后,将粗产物冷却到室温,使用四氢呋喃,乙醇和丙酮反复洗涤,再使用四氢呋喃,氯仿和二氯甲烷溶剂进行索式提取24h,温度为80-100℃,得到的产物在90℃真空干燥24小时,得到的棕色粉末即为本发明所述的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-26。
实施例3亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-27的合成
(一)合成路线如下:
(二)制备方法如下:
1.样品的合成
将151mg的1,3,5-三乙炔苯(0.998mmoL)和549mg的2,6-二溴蒽醌(1.498mmoL)放入100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mg碘化亚铜和30mg四(三苯基膦)钯后,进行三次气体置换过程,使整个体系充满氮气,然后通过注射方式向反应容器中加入20mL N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺和8mL三乙胺溶剂,反应在80℃温度下反应72小时,得粗产物。
2.样品的后处理
待反应结束后,将粗产物冷却到室温,使用氯仿和二氯甲烷反复洗涤,再使用四氢呋喃,二氯甲烷和甲醇溶剂进行索式提取24h,温度为80-100℃,得到的产物在90℃真空干燥24小时,得到的棕色粉末即为本发明所述的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-27。
实施例4亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料的检测
图1-1~图1-3,是实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25(a),LNU-26(b)和LNU-27(c)及其相应单体的红外谱图。从图中可以看到反应单体2,7-二溴-9-芴酮,2,7-二溴-9,10-菲醌和2,6-二溴蒽醌C-Br键的特征吸收峰(495cm-1)在产物中消失证明了单体中C-Br键的断裂;单体炔基基团末端的C-H键(3300cm-1)在聚合物中消失;在最终产物的红外光谱图中靠近2200cm-1可以看到炔基-C≡C-的特征吸收峰,以上结果证明了聚合反应的成功。
图2是实施例1-3所制备的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25,LNU-26和LNU-27的粉末X-射线衍射谱图,从图中可以看到LNUs均没有明显的XRD衍射峰,说明聚合物骨架为无定型结构。
图3是实施例1-3所制备的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25,LNU-26和LNU-27在氮气氛围10℃min-1测试条件下的热重曲线。从图中我们可看到聚合物骨架在300℃左右开始分解,说明多孔芳香骨架材料LNUs具有非常好的热稳定性。同时,我们在测试聚合物材料的溶解性时,发现样品在普通的有机溶剂里(甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿和四氢呋喃等)都不会溶解或者是分解,证明了聚合物具有优异的化学稳定性。
图4-1~图4-3是实施例1-3所制备的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25,LNU-26和LNU-27的接触角,可以看到LNU-25的接触角为156.0°;LNU-26的接触角为155.2°;LNU-27的接触角为154.0°,说明LNUs均为超疏水材料。
实施例5亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料在油水分离中的应用
(一)亲油超疏水材料的制备
将30mg的LNU-25,LNU-26和LNU-27分别放入20mL的四氢呋喃溶剂中,再放入涤纶布超声30分钟,静置,待溶剂干燥,得到本发明制备的亲油超疏水涤纶布。
图5是负载不同亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNU-25,LNU-26和LNU-27的涤纶布的扫描电镜图,(a)为原始涤纶布的扫描电镜图,从图中可以看到涤纶布的表面非常光滑,(b)、(c)和(d)分别为负载LNU-25,LNU-26和LNU-27的涤纶布的扫描电镜图,可以看到负载以后涤纶布的表面变的粗糙,说明LNUs被成功负载在涤纶布上。
图6是亲油超疏水涤纶布上分别滴加水和氯仿后的对比图。(a)为原始涤纶布,可以看到水和氯仿滴在原始涤纶布上被完全吸收;将水和氯仿分别滴在负载LNU-25的涤纶布(b),负载LNU-26的涤纶布(c)和负载LNU-27的涤纶布(d)上,可以看到水滴在负载LNUs材料后的涤纶布上呈现完全的球形,而氯仿被完全吸收,说明负载LNUs的涤纶布是亲油疏水的。
图7是负载LNU-25的亲油超疏水涤纶布上分别滴加不同pH水溶液后所得接触角与pH的关系图。当水溶液pH从1增加到13时,接触角在强酸强碱的条件下虽然略有降低,但仍高于140°,水溶液在涤纶布上呈现完美的球形,表明负载LNUs材料后的涤纶布不仅对纯水具有疏水性,对腐蚀性的水也具有相同的效果。
图8是负载LNU-25的亲油超疏水涤纶布上,经过不同温度处理后滴加水溶液所测得的接触角与温度的关系图。温度的变化导致接触角略有变化,但仍然大于140°,说明在苛刻环境下,负载LNUs材料后的涤纶布也仍然具有疏水的性质。
图9负载LNU-25的亲油超疏水涤纶布上分别滴加不同pH的水滴的状态图,观察其形状,可以看到不同pH的水滴均呈现完美的球形,说明涤纶布在强酸强碱的条件下仍表现出优异的疏水性质。
图10-1~图10-3是亲油超疏水涤纶布用于油/水混合物和有机溶剂/水混合物的分离效果。我们研究了亲油超疏水涤纶布对不同油和有机溶剂(煤油、氯代苯、溴代正丁烷、正硅酸乙酯、正己烷、溴苯、甲苯)的分离效果,从图中可以看到亲油超疏水涤纶布对不同混合物的分离效率均达到90%以上,展现出优异的疏水性能,在油/水分离或有机溶剂/水分离领域具有很好的应用前景。
Claims (10)
1.一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,其特征在于,是以1,3,5-三乙炔苯和溴代含苯环化合物为构筑单元,在催化剂的作用下进行Sonogashira偶联反应,得到的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,其特征在于,制备方法如下:
1)合成:加入反应单体1,3,5-三乙炔苯和溴代含苯环化合物,再加入催化剂碘化亚铜和四(三苯基膦)钯,进行三次气体置换过程,使整个体系充满氮气,然后加入N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺和三乙胺溶剂,反应在80℃温度下反应72小时,得粗产物;
2)后处理:将粗产物冷却到室温,用四氢呋喃,氯仿,二氯甲烷,丙酮和无水乙醇溶剂反复多次洗涤,再依次用四氢呋喃、氯仿、二氯甲烷和甲醇对粗产物进行索氏提取,在90℃真空干燥24小时,得到的固体粉末即为目标产物亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料LNUs。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述的溴代含苯环化合物是2,7-二溴-9-芴酮、2,7-二溴-9,10-菲醌、2,6-二溴蒽醌中的一种。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,其特征在于,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:溴代含苯环化合物=1:1-5。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,其特征在于,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:溴代含苯环化合物=1:1.5。
7.如权利要求3所述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,其特征在于,步骤1)中,按质量比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺:三乙胺=1:0.126:0.03。
8.如权利要求3所述的一种亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料,其特征在于,步骤1)中,按质量比,1,3,5-三乙炔苯:四(三苯基膦)钯:碘化亚铜=1:0.2:0.067。
9.一种亲油超疏水材料,其特征在于,制备方法包括如下步骤:将织物浸渍在含有权利要求1或2所述的亲油超疏水多孔芳香骨架材料的四氢呋喃溶液中超声处理,再将浸渍过的织物在室温下自然晾干。
10.一种亲油超疏水材料在分离油/水混合物或有机溶剂/水混合物中的应用,其特征在于,方法如下,于含有油的污水,或含有泄漏原油的污水,或含有有机溶剂的污水中加入按照权利要求9所述的方法制备的疏水亲油材料,静止吸附。
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CN113773473B (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2022-06-21 | 同济大学 | 一种硅芴基共轭多孔聚合物及其制备方法 |
CN112409022A (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种碳纳米管/纤维改性的自加热多孔疏水/亲油陶瓷及其制备方法 |
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