CN111278915B - 具有良好机械性质的经矿物填充的热塑性组合物 - Google Patents
具有良好机械性质的经矿物填充的热塑性组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111278915B CN111278915B CN201880072302.6A CN201880072302A CN111278915B CN 111278915 B CN111278915 B CN 111278915B CN 201880072302 A CN201880072302 A CN 201880072302A CN 111278915 B CN111278915 B CN 111278915B
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于生产热塑性模塑料的组合物,其中所述组合物含有下列成分:A)选自芳族聚碳酸酯、芳族聚酯碳酸酯和聚酯的至少一种聚合物,B)至少一种用酐官能化的乙烯‑α‑烯烃共聚物或乙烯‑α‑烯烃三元共聚物,其具有通过使用邻二氯苯作为溶剂对照聚苯乙烯标样的高温凝胶渗透色谱法测定的50000至500000 g/mol的重均分子量Mw,C)基于滑石的矿物填料,还涉及生产模塑料的方法,模塑料本身,所述组合物或模塑料用于生产模制品的用途以及模制品本身。
Description
本发明涉及用于生产热塑性模塑料的热塑性组合物,特别是热塑性聚碳酸酯组合物,生产热塑性模塑料的方法,模塑料本身,所述组合物或模塑料用于生产模制品的用途,以及模制品本身。
聚碳酸酯组合物早已为人所知,并且由这些材料生产用于多种用途的模制品,例如在汽车行业中、用于轨道车辆、用于建筑行业、在电气/电子行业中和在家用电器中。通过改变配方成分的量和类型,可将该组合物和因此制成的模制品在它们的热、流变和机械性质方面在宽范围内适应于各自用途的要求。
对于一些用途,特别是在薄壁部件的情况下,含有聚碳酸酯组合物的模制品的刚度不足。为了提高弹性模量,因此混入增强材料,如滑石、硅灰石或玻璃纤维。虽然在使用基于滑石的矿物填料的情况下经常没有实现像使用例如玻璃纤维那样显著的刚度提高,但在另一方面在较低程度上改变其它性质。
但是即使在使用滑石作为填料的情况下也经常导致性质变差,这又可通过作为弹性组分加入具有低玻璃化转变温度的聚合物共混搭档而至少部分补偿。
所用的这类抗冲改性剂的实例是用含丁二烯的核和由乙烯基(共)聚合物构成的接枝壳形成的具有核壳结构的接枝聚合物,所述接枝壳应确保改性剂与聚碳酸酯和与该混合物中可能包含的其它聚合物组分的(部分)相容性。
EP 0 315 868 A2例如描述了用颗粒状二烯橡胶和由乙烯基单体构成的接枝壳制成的接枝聚合物在聚碳酸酯组合物中的用途。该模塑料的特征在于良好的低温韧度和良好的耐汽油性。
也使用不具有核壳结构的其它类型的弹性体组分。
WO 2013/045544 A1公开了具有良好冲击韧度、流动能力和耐化学品性的阻燃PC/ABS组合物。该组合物含有聚碳酸酯、接枝聚合物和无橡胶的α-烯烃三元共聚物。该模塑料特别适用于电气和电子行业中的薄壁外壳部件。
US 2015/0353732 A1公开了含有聚碳酸酯和/或聚酯、任选抗冲改性剂和阻燃剂以及包含用马来酸酐官能化的聚烯烃的增容剂的组合物。通过该增容剂实现改进的冲击韧度。
WO 2013 / 045552 A1公开了由聚碳酸酯和无机填料构成的热塑性模塑料,其含有0.01至0.5重量份的至少一种酐改性α-烯烃三元共聚物并具有高水平的刚度和良好韧度。
US 2014/0329948 A1公开了抗冲改性和玻璃纤维增强的聚碳酸酯组合物,其具有高刚度和良好的热和流变性质以及良好的阻燃性。该组合物含有聚碳酸酯、阻燃剂、玻璃纤维和酐改性α-烯烃三元共聚物。
WO 2015/189761公开了包含聚合物基质、化学反应性抗冲改性剂和导热填料的导热热塑性组合物。公开了用马来酸酐接枝的乙烯共聚物作为化学反应性抗冲改性剂。该组合物的特征在于良好的导热性和韧度。
但是,来自现有技术的所述填料增强组合物和模塑料的特征在于仍不足的韧度,特别是在拉伸试验中的多轴向应力、冲击韧度和断裂伸长率方面。原则上可通过提高弹性组分的比例来提高韧度,但这通常导致模塑料在例如注射成型法中的可加工性更差。
因此希望提供由于良好的熔体流动能力而可良好加工并同时也能够生产具有良好韧度的模制品的矿物增强组合物。
特别希望提供特征在于高冲击韧度、在刺穿试验中的高最大力和总能量、高断裂伸长率和高MVR值的矿物增强组合物。
令人惊讶地,现在已经发现用于生产热塑性模塑料的组合物表现出有利的性质,其中所述组合物包含下列成分:
A) 选自芳族聚碳酸酯和芳族聚酯碳酸酯的至少一种聚合物,
B) 至少一种用酐官能化的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烃三元共聚物,其具有50000至500000 g/mol,优选100000至400000 g/mol,特别优选150000至350000 g/mol的重均分子量Mw,在每种情况下通过使用邻二氯苯作为溶剂对照聚苯乙烯标样的高温凝胶渗透色谱法测定,
C) 至少一种基于滑石的矿物填料。
该组合物优选包含
40重量%至98.9重量%,更优选50重量%至90重量%,特别优选60重量%至85重量%的组分A,
0.1重量%至10重量%,更优选0.5重量%至9重量%,特别优选1重量%至8重量%的组分B,
1重量%至40重量%,优选5重量%至35重量%,特别优选10重量%至25重量%的组分C,和
0重量%至20重量%,更优选0.1重量%至15重量%,特别优选0.2重量%至10重量%的其它聚合物成分和/或聚合物添加剂作为组分D。
在一个优选实施方案中,该组合物在至少90重量%的程度上由组分A至D组成。该组合物最优选仅由组分A至D组成。
组分B的马来酸酐基团可以与组分A和/或与该组合物的其它组分进行化学反应。
马来酸酐基团也可以与水分或与其它杂质进行化学反应。
这些反应特别在熔体中在如熔体配混(例如在挤出机中)和注射成型过程中存在的高温下发生。
这降低马来酸酐基团的比例。在本专利申请中,如在物理混合组分A、B、C和任选D并施以熔体配混时获得的这类模塑料也被理解为是根据本发明的。
组分A
聚碳酸酯在本发明中既是均聚碳酸酯,也是共聚碳酸酯和/或聚酯碳酸酯;这些聚碳酸酯可以以已知方式是线性或支化的。根据本发明也可使用聚碳酸酯的混合物。
该热塑性聚碳酸酯,包括热塑性芳族聚酯碳酸酯具有15000 g/mol至50000 g/mol,优选20000 g/mol至35000 g/mol,特别是23000 g/mol至33000 g/mol的通过GPC(在二氯甲烷中使用聚碳酸酯作为标样的凝胶渗透色谱法)测定的重均分子量Mw。
根据本发明使用的聚碳酸酯中的碳酸酯基团的一部分,最多80摩尔%,优选20摩尔%至50摩尔%可被芳族二羧酸酯基团替代。含有并入分子链中的来自碳酸的酸基团和来自芳族二羧酸的酸基团两者的这种聚碳酸酯被称为芳族聚酯碳酸酯。在本发明中,它们归入统称术语“热塑性芳族聚碳酸酯”。
聚碳酸酯由二酚、碳酸衍生物、任选链终止剂和任选支化剂以已知方式生产,其中为了生产聚酯碳酸酯,一部分的碳酸衍生物被芳族二羧酸或二羧酸的衍生物替代,并且这取决于芳族聚碳酸酯中的碳酸酯结构单元要被芳族二羧酸酯结构单元替代的程度。
适用于生产聚碳酸酯的二羟基芳基化合物是式(1)的那些
HO-Z-OH (1),
其中
Z是具有6至30个碳原子的芳族基团,其可含有一个或多个芳环、可被取代和可含有脂族或脂环族基团或烷基芳基或杂原子作为桥连成员。
式(1)中的Z优选代表式(2)的基团
其中
R6和R7互相独立地代表H、C1-至C18-烷基-、C1-至C18-烷氧基、卤素如Cl或Br或在每种情况下任选取代的芳基或芳烷基,优选H或C1-至C12-烷基,特别优选H或C1-至C8-烷基,非常特别优选H或甲基,且
X代表单键、-SO2-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、C1-至C6-亚烷基、C2-至C5-烷叉基或C5-至C6-环烷叉基,其可被C1-至C6-烷基,优选甲基或乙基取代,或代表可任选与其它含杂原子的芳环稠合的C6-至C12-亚芳基。
X优选代表单键、C1-至C5-亚烷基、C2-至C5-烷叉基、C5-至C6-环烷叉基、-O-、-SO-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-
或代表式(2a)的基团
二羟基芳基化合物(二酚)的实例是:二羟基苯、二羟基联苯、双(羟苯基)烷、双(羟苯基)环烷、双(羟苯基)芳族化合物、双(羟苯基)醚、双(羟苯基)酮、双(羟苯基)硫醚、双(羟苯基)砜、双(羟苯基)亚砜、1,1'-双(羟苯基)二异丙基苯和它们的在环上烷基化和在环上卤化的化合物。
适用于生产根据本发明使用的聚碳酸酯的二酚是例如氢醌、间苯二酚、二羟基联苯、双(羟苯基)烷、双(羟苯基)环烷、双(羟苯基)硫醚、双(羟苯基)醚、双(羟苯基)酮、双(羟苯基)砜、双(羟苯基)亚砜、α,α'-双(羟苯基)二异丙基苯和它们的烷基化、在环上烷基化和在环上卤化的化合物。
优选的二酚是4,4'-二羟基联苯、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)-1-苯基丙烷、1,1-双(4-羟苯基)苯基乙烷、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,4-双(4-羟苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、1,3-双[2-(4-羟苯基)-2-丙基]苯(双酚M)、2,2-双(3-甲基-4-羟苯基)丙烷、双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)甲烷、2,2-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)丙烷、双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)砜、2,4-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、1,3-双[2-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)-2-丙基]苯和1,1-双(4-羟苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷(双酚TMC)。
特别优选的二酚是4,4’-二羟基联苯、1,1-双(4-羟苯基)苯基乙烷、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A)、2,2-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)丙烷、1,1-双(4-羟苯基)环己烷和1,1-双(4-羟苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷(双酚TMC)。
2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A)特别优选。
例如在US 2 999 835 A、3 148 172 A、2 991 273 A、3 271 367 A、4 982 014 A和2 999 846 A、德国公开文献1 570 703 A、2 063 050 A、2 036 052 A、2 211 956 A和3832 396 A、法国专利文献1 561 518 A1、专著“H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics ofPolycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964, 第28页及其后;第102页及其后”,和“D.G. Legrand, J.T. Bendler, Handbook of Polycarbonate Science andTechnology, Marcel Dekker New York 2000, 第72页及其后”中描述了这些和其它合适的二酚。
在均聚碳酸酯的情况下,仅使用一种二酚,在共聚碳酸酯的情况下,使用两种或更多种二酚。所用二酚以及添加到该合成中的所有其它化学品和辅助剂可能被来自其自身合成、操作和储存的污染物污染。但是,希望的是使用尽可能纯的原材料来工作。
分子量调节所需的单官能链终止剂,例如酚或烷基酚,特别是苯酚、对叔丁基苯酚、异辛基苯酚、枯基苯酚、它们的氯甲酸酯或单羧酸的酰基氯或这些链终止剂的混合物与一种双酚盐(Bisphenolat)或多种双酚盐一起供应到该反应或在合成中的任意时刻加入,只要在反应混合物中仍存在光气或氯甲酸端基,或在酰基氯和氯甲酸酯作为链终止剂的情况下,只要可提供所形成的聚合物的足量的酚类端基。但是,优选在光气化后在不再存在光气但尚未计量加入催化剂的位置或时刻加入所述一种或多种链终止剂,或在催化剂之前、与催化剂一起或并行地计量加入它们。
可能使用的支化剂或支化剂混合物以相同方式添加到合成中,但通常在链终止剂之前。通常使用三酚、四酚、或三羧酸或四羧酸的酰基氯、或多酚的混合物或酰基氯的混合物。
可用作支化剂的一些具有三个或多于三个酚类羟基的化合物是例如间苯三酚、4,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羟苯基)庚-2-烯、4,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羟苯基)庚烷、1,3,5-三(4-羟苯基)苯、1,1,1-三-(4-羟苯基)乙烷、三(4-羟苯基)苯基甲烷、2,2-双[4,4-双(4-羟苯基)环己基]丙烷、2,4-双(4-羟苯基异丙基)苯酚、四(4-羟苯基)甲烷。
一些其它三官能化合物是2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、苯均三酸、氰尿酰氯和3,3-双(3-甲基-4-羟苯基)-2-氧代-2,3-二氢吲哚。
优选的支化剂是3,3-双(3-甲基-4-羟苯基)-2-氧代-2,3-二氢吲哚和1,1,1-三(4-羟苯基)乙烷。
任选使用的支化剂的量为0.05摩尔%至2摩尔%,又基于在每种情况中使用的二酚摩尔数计。
支化剂可与二酚和链终止剂一起预先装载在碱性水相中,或在光气化之前以溶解在有机溶剂中的形式加入。
用于生产聚碳酸酯的所有这些措施是本领域技术人员熟悉的。
适用于生产聚酯碳酸酯的芳族二羧酸是例如邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、叔丁基间苯二甲酸、3,3'-二苯基二甲酸、4,4'-二苯基二甲酸、4,4-二苯甲酮二甲酸、3,4'-二苯甲酮二甲酸、4,4'-二苯基醚二甲酸、4,4'-二苯基砜二甲酸、2,2-双(4-羧苯基)丙烷、三甲基-3-苯基茚满-4,5'-二甲酸。
在芳族二羧酸中,特别优选使用对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸。
二羧酸的衍生物是二羰基二卤和二羧酸二烷基酯,特别是二羰基二氯和二碳酸二甲酯。
基本化学计量地,也定量地用芳族二羧酸酯基团替代碳酸酯基团,因此反应搭档的摩尔比也体现在最终聚酯碳酸酯中。芳族二羧酸酯基团既可以无规,也可以嵌段式并入。
根据本发明使用的聚碳酸酯,包括聚酯碳酸酯的优选生产模式是已知的界面法和已知的熔体酯交换法(参见例如WO 2004/063249 A1、WO 2001/05866 A1、WO 2000/105867、US 5,340,905 A、US 5,097,002 A、US-A 5,717,057 A)。
在第一种情况下,所用的酸衍生物优选是光气和任选二羰基二氯;在后一种情况下,优选是碳酸二苯酯和任选二羧酸二酯。用于聚碳酸酯生产或聚酯碳酸酯生产的催化剂、溶剂、后处理、反应条件等在这两种情况下都已充分描述并且是已知的。
在一个优选实施方案中,仅使用芳族聚碳酸酯作为组分A,最优选是包含双酚A作为二酚单元的芳族聚碳酸酯。
组分B
用作组分B的是具有经接枝的酐基团的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物或三元共聚物。在本专利申请中,组分B也被称为用酐基团官能化的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物或三元共聚物。
酐优选选自马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、富马酸酐和衣康酸酐及其混合物。特别优选的酐是马来酸酐。
除乙烯外,该共聚物或三元共聚物优选还包含1-丙烯、1-丁烯、1-异丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯、1-十一碳烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十三碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十八碳烯、1-十九碳烯及其混合物作为共聚单体(α-烯烃)。
特别使用来自乙烯和1-辛烯的共聚物。
可以如US 5272236 A和US 5278272 A中所述生产烯烃共聚物。
例如在US 323691 A中描述了用酐基团接枝。
α-烯烃共聚单体含量优选为2至40摩尔%,优选5至35摩尔%,特别优选10至25摩尔%,在每种情况下基于乙烯和一种共聚单体或多种共聚单体的总量计。
所述乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物或三元共聚物优选是无规共聚物。
可如WO 98/02489中所述对具有经接枝的酐基团的共聚物或三元共聚物施以初始交联(Anvernetzung)以优化弹性体性质。
可在三氯乙烷作为溶剂中通过1H和13C NMR谱法测定乙烯和共聚单体的比例。
酐改性的聚合物的特征优选在于下列组成:
B(1) 90.0重量%至99.99重量%,更优选97.0重量%至99.9重量%,特别优选98.0重量%至99.7重量%,非常特别优选99.0重量%至99.5重量%的共聚物或三元共聚物,
B(2) 0.01重量%至10.0重量%,更优选0.1重量%至3.0重量%,特别优选0.3重量%至2.0重量%,非常特别优选0.5重量%至1.0重量%的酐。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,组分B的主链由来自乙烯和1-辛烯单元的无规共聚物组成。
酐改性的共聚物或三元共聚物具有大于50000至500000 g/mol,优选100000至400000 g/mol,特别优选150000至350000 g/mol的重均分子量Mw,在每种情况下通过使用邻二氯苯作为溶剂对照聚苯乙烯标样的HT-GPC(高温凝胶渗透色谱法)测定。
优选产物的玻璃化转变温度为最大-50℃。
通过根据标准DIN EN 61006(2004版)的动态差示扫描量热法(DSC)以10 K/min的加热速率测定玻璃化转变温度,其中Tg被定义为中点温度(切线法)。
组分C
该组合物含有至少一种基于滑石的矿物填料作为组分C。
适合作为本发明中的基于滑石的矿物填料的是本领域技术人员与滑石或滑石粉联系在一起的所有颗粒状填料。可购得并且其产品描述含有术语滑石或滑石粉作为表征特征的所有颗粒状填料也可考虑。
优选的是具有基于填料总质量计大于50重量%,优选大于80重量%,特别优选大于95重量%,特别优选大于98重量%的根据DIN 55920的滑石含量的矿物填料。
滑石被理解为是指天然存在或合成生产的滑石。
纯滑石具有化学组成3 MgO . 4 SiO2 . H2O,因此具有31.9重量%的MgO含量、63.4重量%的SiO2含量和4.8重量%的化学结合水含量。其是具有层状结构的硅酸盐。
天然存在的滑石材料通常没有上文给出的理想组成,因为它们由于镁被其它元素部分替代、硅被例如铝部分替代和/或与其它矿物,例如白云石、菱镁矿和绿泥石共生而被污染。
有利的是,在根据本发明的组合物中,组分E含有滑石(E2)或由其组成,其中该滑石具有28重量%至35重量%,特别是30.5重量%至32重量%的MgO含量、55重量%至65重量%的SiO2含量和小于1重量%的Al2O3含量。在包含这样的组分E的组合物中,已经发现,特别是在小程度上发生由加工所致的聚碳酸酯的降解反应。
有利的和因此优选地,还特别是使用具有0.1至20 µm,优选0.2至10 µm,更优选0.3至5 µm,再更优选0.3至2.5 µm,非常特别优选0.4至1.0 µm的平均粒度d50的细磨类型形式的根据本发明的滑石。
根据本发明使用的基于滑石的矿物填料优选具有小于10 µm,优选小于7 µm,特别优选小于6 µm,特别优选小于4.5 µm的上限粒度或颗粒度d95。通过根据ISO 13317-3的SEDIGRAPH D 5 000沉降分析法测定填料的d95和d50值。
基于滑石的矿物填料可任选经表面处理,以实现与聚合物基质的更好偶联。可以例如为它们配备基于官能化硅烷的附着力促进剂体系。
基于滑石的矿物填料的平均纵横比(径厚比)优选为1至100,特别优选2至25,特别优选5至25,其通过成品的超薄切片的电子显微照片和代表性数量(大约50个)的填料粒子的测量来测定。
由加工以产生模塑料或模制品所致,基于滑石的矿物填料可在模塑料或模制品中具有比原始使用的填料小的d95或d50值。
组分D
该组合物可含有一种或多种附加添加剂作为组分D,其优选选自阻燃剂(例如有机磷或卤素化合物,特别是基于双酚A的低聚磷酸酯)、防滴落剂(例如来自氟化聚烯烃、硅酮和芳族聚酰胺纤维的物质类别的化合物)、阻燃增效剂(例如纳米级金属氧化物)、抑烟剂(例如硼酸锌)、润滑剂和脱模剂(例如季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯)、成核剂、抗静电剂、导电添加剂、稳定剂(例如水解、热老化和紫外线稳定剂,以及酯交换抑制剂和酸/碱猝灭剂)、流动能力促进剂、增容剂、其它聚合物成分(例如聚酯、乙烯基(共)聚合物或功能性共混搭档)、不同于组分C的填料和增强材料(例如碳纤维、玻璃纤维、云母、高岭土、CaCO3)以及染料和颜料(例如二氧化钛或氧化铁)。
在一个优选实施方案中,该组合物不含阻燃剂、防滴落剂、阻燃增效剂和抑烟剂。
在一个优选实施方案中,该组合物含有选自润滑剂和脱模剂、稳定剂、流动能力促进剂、增容剂、其它聚合物成分、染料和颜料的至少一种聚合物添加剂。
在一个优选实施方案中,该组合物含有季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯作为脱模剂。
在一个优选实施方案中,该组合物含有选自位阻酚、有机亚磷酸酯、基于硫的助稳定剂和有机和无机布朗斯台德酸的至少一种代表作为稳定剂。
优选使用的布朗斯台德酸是柠檬酸。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,该组合物含有选自3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯和亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯的至少一种代表作为稳定剂。
在一个尤其优选的实施方案中,该组合物含有3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯和亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯的组合作为稳定剂。
特别优选的组合物含有季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯作为脱模剂、选自3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯和亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯的至少一种代表和柠檬酸作为稳定剂。
模塑料和模制品的生产
根据本发明的组合物可用于生产热塑性模塑料。
根据本发明的热塑性模塑料可以例如通过将该组合物的各成分以已知方式混合和在常规装置,例如密炼机、挤出机和双轴螺杆系统中在优选200℃至320℃,特别优选240至300℃的温度下熔体配混和熔体挤出来生产。在本申请中,这种方法通常被称为配混。
在此,熔融至少组分A,将该组合物的所有成分分散和/或溶解在彼此中,并在进一步步骤中通过冷却而使所得熔体再凝固,并任选造粒。凝固和造粒的步骤可相对于彼此以任意顺序进行。
模塑料因此被理解为是指当熔体配混和熔体挤出该组合物的成分时获得的产物。
该组合物的各成分的混合既可以以已知方式相继地,也可以同时地进行,并且既可以在大约20℃(室温)下,也可以在更高温度下进行。这意味着,例如可以经由挤出机的主入口计量加入一些成分,并稍后在配混过程中经由辅助入口,例如经由辅助挤出机供应剩余成分。
本发明的主题还是生产根据本发明的模塑料的方法。
在此优选的是经由双螺杆挤出机的主入口计量加入聚碳酸酯熔体和添加剂并经由辅助入口将基于滑石的矿物填料计量加入位于熔融区下游的区中的方法。为了聚碳酸酯的尽可能最好的稳定化和可加工性,应在配混过程中尽可能晚的时刻计量加入填料,但在此不能由于停留时间和混合效果过低而妨碍填料的充分分散。
根据本发明的模塑料可用于生产各种类型的模制品。它们可以例如通过注射成型、挤出和吹塑法生产。另一形式的加工是由预制板或膜通过深拉生产模制品。
也可将该组合物的成分直接计量加入注射成型机或挤出装置中并加工成模制品。
可由根据本发明的组合物和模塑料生产的这类模制品的实例是薄膜、型材、各种类型的外壳部件,例如用于家用电器如榨汁机、咖啡机、混合机;用于办公器材,如监视器、平板显示器、笔记本电脑、打印机、复印机;板、管、电气安装导管、窗、门和建筑行业(内部建造和外部应用)的其它型材,以及电气和电子部件如开关、插头和插座,和用于商业车辆,特别是汽车行业的部件。根据本发明的组合物和模塑料也适用于生产下列模制品或模制件:轨道车辆、船、飞机、公共汽车和其它机动车的内部构件、机动车的车身部件、含有小型变压器的电气设备的外壳、信息处理和传输设备的外壳、医疗器材的外壳和覆板、按摩器材及其外壳、儿童玩具车、扁平壁元件、安全设备的外壳、隔热运输容器、卫生和浴室设备的模制件、通风口的防护格栅和园艺设备的外壳。
下面描述本发明的进一步实施方案1至28:
1. 用于生产热塑性模塑料的组合物,其中所述组合物含有下列成分或由下列成分组成:
A) 选自芳族聚碳酸酯、芳族聚酯碳酸酯和聚酯的至少一种聚合物,
B) 至少一种用酐官能化的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烃三元共聚物,其具有通过使用邻二氯苯作为溶剂对照聚苯乙烯标样的高温凝胶渗透色谱法测定的50000至500000 g/mol的重均分子量Mw,
C) 基于滑石的矿物填料。
2. 根据实施方案1的组合物,其中组分B包含2至40摩尔%的α-烯烃单元和60至98摩尔%的乙烯单元,基于α-烯烃和乙烯的总量计。
3. 根据实施方案1的组合物,其中组分B包含5至35摩尔%的α-烯烃单元和65至95摩尔%的乙烯单元,基于α-烯烃和乙烯的总量计。
4. 根据实施方案1的组合物,其中组分B包含10至25摩尔%的α-烯烃单元和75至90摩尔%的乙烯单元,基于α-烯烃和乙烯的总量计。
5. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分B具有0.01重量%至10.0重量%的酐含量。
6. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分B具有0.1重量%至3.0重量%的酐含量。
7. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分B具有0.3重量%至2.0重量%的酐含量。
8. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分B具有0.5重量%至1.0重量%的酐含量。
9. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分B是用马来酸酐官能化的来自乙烯和1-辛烯的共聚物。
10. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分B具有100000至400000 g/mol的重均分子量Mw。
11. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分B具有150000至350000 g/mol的重均分子量Mw。
12. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分A仅由芳族聚碳酸酯组成。
13. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中使用滑石作为组分C。
14. 根据实施方案13的组合物,其中所述滑石具有0.3至5 µm的平均粒度d50。
15. 根据实施方案14的组合物,其中所述滑石具有0.3至2.5 µm的平均粒度d50。
16. 根据实施方案14的组合物,其中所述滑石具有0.4至1.0 µm的平均粒度d50。
17. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其含有下列成分或由下列成分组成
40重量%至98.9重量%的组分A,
0.1重量%至10重量%的组分B,
1重量%至40重量%的组分C,
0重量%至20重量%的其它聚合物成分和/或聚合物添加剂作为组分D。
18. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其含有下列成分或由下列成分组成
50重量%至90重量%的组分A,
0.5重量%至9重量%的组分B,
5重量%至35重量%的组分C,
0.1重量%至15重量%的其它聚合物成分和/或聚合物添加剂作为组分D。
19. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其含有下列成分或由下列成分组成
60重量%至85重量%的组分A,
1重量%至8重量%的组分B,
10重量%至25重量%的组分C,
0.2重量%至10重量%的其它聚合物成分和/或聚合物添加剂作为组分D。
20. 根据前述实施方案任一项的组合物,其中组分D包含选自酚类抗氧化剂、亚磷酸酯和布朗斯台德酸的至少一种稳定剂。
21. 生产模塑料的方法,其含有步骤(i)、(ii)和任选(iii),其中在第一步骤(i)中
通过引入热能和/或机械能而加热根据实施方案1至20任一项的组合物,由此熔融至少组分A),并将所有使用的组分分散和/或溶解在彼此中,
和
在进一步步骤(ii)中
通过冷却而使获自方法步骤(i)的熔体(ii)再凝固
和(iii)任选造粒,
其中方法步骤(ii)和(iii)可相对于彼此以任意顺序进行。
22. 根据实施方案21的方法,其中步骤(i)在200℃至320℃的温度下进行。
23. 根据实施方案21的方法,其中步骤(i)在240℃至300℃的温度下进行。
24. 根据实施方案21至23任一项的方法,其中所述方法用配混装置进行并且组分C与其它组分分开地计量加入。
25. 根据实施方案24的方法,其中所用配混装置是双螺杆挤出机,并且经由辅助入口将组分C计量加入位于其它组分的熔融区下游的区中。
26. 通过根据实施方案21至25任一项的方法获得或可获得的模塑料。
27. 根据实施方案1至20任一项的组合物或根据实施方案26的模塑料用于生产模制品的用途。
28. 可由根据实施方案1至20任一项的组合物或由根据实施方案26的模塑料获得的模制品。
实施例
所用组分:
组分A:
A1: 基于双酚A的线性聚碳酸酯,其具有通过在二氯甲烷中使用聚碳酸酯作为标样的凝胶渗透色谱法测定的28000 g/mol的重均分子量Mw。
组分B:
B1: 马来酸酐(MAH)官能化的乙烯/1- 辛烯共聚物,其具有0.8重量%的MAH含量和87摩尔% : 13摩尔%的乙烯:1-辛烯比和200000 g/mol的重均分子量MW(来自Dow Chemical制造商的Paraloid™ EXL 3808 D)
B2: 马来酸酐(MAH)官能化的乙烯/1-辛烯共聚物,其具有0.4重量%的MAH含量和83摩尔% : 17摩尔%的乙烯:1-辛烯比和322000 g/mol的重均分子量MW(来自Dow Chemical制造商的Paraloid™ EXL 3815)
B3(对比): 乙烯-丙烯-辛烯-马来酸酐共聚物,其具有以重量%计的乙烯:丙烯:辛烯比87:6:7(相当于以摩尔%计94:4:2),CAS号31069-12-2,具有通过使用聚苯乙烯作为标样的GPC测定的5000 g/mol的分子量Mw和4.4重量%的马来酸酐比例,HiWax™ 1105 A(来自Mitsui Chemicals制造商)
B4(对比): Kane ACE™ M732,具有核壳结构和丁二烯橡胶核的抗冲改性剂(来自Kaneka制造商)。
组分C:
滑石,来自Imi Fabi公司的HTP Ultra™ 5C,其具有31.0重量%的MgO含量、61.5重量%的SiO2含量和0.4重量%的Al2O3含量,平均粒度d50 = 0.65 µm。
组分D:
D1: 热稳定剂,IrganoxTM B900(80% IrgafosTM 168(亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯)和20% IrganoxTM 1076(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-(十八烷氧基羰基乙基)苯酚)的混合物);BASF(Ludwigshafen, 德国)
D2: 脱模剂,季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯
D3: 柠檬酸,纯度≥ 99.5%,来自Acros Organics (Geel, 比利时)。
根据本发明的模塑料的生产和测试
在来自Leistritz公司的ZSE-27Maxx双螺杆挤出机中在260℃的物料温度下进行组分的混合。在实验5、6、V7和V8中,经由辅助入口将滑石计量加入位于其它组分的熔融区下游的区中。
在Arburg 270 E型号注射成型机中在300℃的物料温度和80℃的模具温度下生产模制品。
根据ISO 1133(2012版)在300℃下使用1.2 kg冲头荷载和5分钟的熔融时间测定MVR。
在具有80 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm的尺寸的各自10个试样上根据ISO 179/1eU在23℃和-30℃下测定夏氏冲击韧度。
根据ISO 527(1996版)在室温下测定断裂伸长率和标称断裂伸长率。
在多轴向刺穿试验中的行为用作在实践相关的冲击/撞击试验中的延性的另一量度。基于ISO 6603-2(2000版;“基于”是指没有进行试样的目视检查)在尺寸为60 mm x 60mm x 2 mm的试样上在23℃下进行刺穿试验。
表1中的数据表明,可由含有组分B1和B2的根据本发明的组合物1、2、5和6生产具有良好熔体流动能力(MVR值与V4相比未变差)的模塑料和在冲击试验、刺穿试验和拉伸试验中具有良好韧度的模制品。当使用具有核壳结构的接枝聚合物(B4)代替根据本发明的组分B1或B2时,冲击韧度以及在刺穿试验中的最大力和总能量较低。当使用弹性组分B3时,虽然缺口冲击韧度类似于用B1或B2获得的,但在刺穿试验中的韧度明显变差。
当使用组分B1时也特别有利的是显著改进的断裂伸长率和标称断裂伸长率。
此外,实施例5和6表明,经由辅助入口计量加入基于滑石的矿物填料实现根据本发明的组合物中的断裂伸长率和标称断裂伸长率的显著改进。虽然在对比例V7和V8的情况下也可看出经由辅助入口计量加入的优点,但断裂伸长率和标称断裂伸长率的提高是明显较不显著的。
Claims (15)
1.用于生产热塑性模塑料的组合物,其中所述组合物由下列成分组成:
A) 选自芳族聚碳酸酯和芳族聚酯碳酸酯的至少一种聚合物,
B) 至少一种用酐官能化的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烃三元共聚物,其具有通过使用邻二氯苯作为溶剂对照聚苯乙烯标样的高温凝胶渗透色谱法测定的50000至500000g/mol的重均分子量Mw,
C) 基于滑石的矿物填料,
D) 任选的一种或多种聚合物添加剂,选自阻燃剂、防滴落剂、阻燃增效剂、抑烟剂、润滑剂和脱模剂、成核剂、抗静电剂、导电添加剂、稳定剂、聚酯、流动能力促进剂、增容剂、不同于组分C的填料和增强材料以及染料和颜料。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中组分B包含2至40摩尔%的α-烯烃单元和60至98摩尔%的乙烯单元,基于α-烯烃和乙烯的总量计。
3.根据前述权利要求任一项的组合物,其中组分B具有0.1重量%至3.0重量%的酐含量。
4.根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物,其中组分B是用马来酸酐官能化的来自乙烯和1-辛烯的共聚物。
5.根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物,其中组分B包含10至25摩尔%的1-辛烯单元和75至90摩尔%的乙烯单元,基于1-辛烯和乙烯的总量计。
6.根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物,其中组分A仅由芳族聚碳酸酯组成。
7.根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物,其中使用滑石作为组分C。
8.根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物,其由下列成分组成
40重量%至98.9重量%的组分A,
0.1重量%至10重量%的组分B,
1重量%至40重量%的组分C,
0重量%至20重量%的聚合物添加剂作为组分D。
9.根据权利要求8的组合物,其中组分D包含选自酚类抗氧化剂、亚磷酸酯和布朗斯台德酸的至少一种稳定剂。
10.生产模塑料的方法,其含有步骤(i)、(ii)和任选(iii),其中在第一步骤(i)中
通过引入热能和/或机械能而加热根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物,由此熔融至少组分A),并将所有使用的组分分散和/或溶解在彼此中,
和
在进一步步骤(ii)中
通过冷却而使获自方法步骤(i)的熔体(ii)再凝固
和(iii)任选造粒,
其中方法步骤(ii)和(iii)可相对于彼此以任意顺序进行。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述方法用配混装置进行,并且组分C与其它组分分开地计量加入。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所用配混装置是双螺杆挤出机,并且经由辅助入口将组分C计量加入位于其它组分的熔融区下游的区中。
13.通过根据权利要求10至11任一项的方法获得或可获得的模塑料。
14.根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物或根据权利要求13的模塑料用于生产模制品的用途。
15.可由根据权利要求1至2任一项的组合物或由根据权利要求13的模塑料获得的模制品。
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PCT/EP2018/080474 WO2019092018A1 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2018-11-07 | Mineralgefüllte thermoplastische zusammensetzung mit guten mechanischen eigenschaften |
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