CN111267427A - 一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111267427A
CN111267427A CN202010140556.6A CN202010140556A CN111267427A CN 111267427 A CN111267427 A CN 111267427A CN 202010140556 A CN202010140556 A CN 202010140556A CN 111267427 A CN111267427 A CN 111267427A
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parts
layer
cover plate
foaming layer
foaming
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CN111267427B (zh
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颜录科
骆春佳
李孟茹
吉凌仝
张国清
安风华
李志宏
董昆杰
罗燕平
文展
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Changan University
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Changan University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板材料从内到外依次包括内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述内层和外层夹持发泡层的结构，能够提高盖板的强度的同时，降低盖板的单位密度，发泡层能够提高盖板的耐冲击性，并且能够缓解内层和外层在折弯时产生的横向应力，提高盖板的耐弯折性，同时，针对内层和外层的需求不同，将发泡层设置为组成不同的内发泡层和外发泡层，内发泡层具有更高的阻燃性和机械强度，而外发泡层具有更好的隔热性能以及弹性；内外发泡层的结合有利于提高盖板的阻燃性，隔热性能，抗弯性能以及耐冲击性能。

Description

一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
电缆槽盖板一直都是选用工程聚丙烯pp为原料，这种原料取代金属的可再生资源，这种可再生资源在使用过程中，提高了聚丙烯pp的强度，硬度，耐高温度等性能，但是没有完全的做到，电缆槽盖板依然需要进一步降低盖板质量，提高盖板强度，以及阻燃性能。在本申请的另一发明中，盖板采用阻燃层，第一发泡层，基层，第二发泡层和表层热压组成，虽然取得了较高的强度，但是盖板的质量依然可以进一步降低，因此在更轻质的要求下，在更改了内层板的组分的前提下，进一步的提出了内外层板夹持发泡板的三层结构，而进一步的，发泡板采用两种发泡材料制备，能够进一步满足内外层的不同需求。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板材料从内到外依次包括内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述内层和外层夹持发泡层的结构，能够提高盖板的强度的同时，降低盖板的单位密度，发泡层能够提高盖板的耐冲击性，并且能够缓解内层和外层在折弯时产生的横向应力，提高盖板的耐弯折性，同时，针对内层和外层的需求不同，将发泡层设置为组成不同的内发泡层和外发泡层，内发泡层具有更高的阻燃性和机械强度，而外发泡层具有更好的隔热性能以及弹性；内外发泡层的结合有利于提高盖板的阻燃性，隔热性能，抗弯性能以及耐冲击性能。
具体的方案如下：
一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；
进一步优选的，所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维25-30重量份，聚乙烯30-40重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维20-30重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12-16重量份，聚乙烯醇5-7重量份，硅烷偶联剂2-4重量份，滑石粉4-6重量份，和阻燃剂10-15重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4-8重量份、埃洛石纳米管3-6重量份、钛白粉0.5-2重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3重量份；
进一步优选的，所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯70-80重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4-6重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5-7重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷1-3重量份，环氧树脂6-8重量份，聚乙二醇3-5重量份，羧甲基纤维素4-6重量份，短碳纤维16-20重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6重量份，滑石粉18-22重量份，硬脂酸钙6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂13-17重量份，碳酸氢钠8-12重量份；
进一步优选的，所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100重量份，CPVC粉15-25重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂25-30重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6重量份，氧化镁6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂6-10重量份、碳酸钙25-30重量份，和滑石粉10-20重量份；
进一步优选的，所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35-45重量份，短玻璃纤维6-10重量份，氧化铝8-12重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8重量份，马来酸半酯2-4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3重量份，对苯二胺1-3重量份，硅烷偶联剂4-6重量份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-2重量份，和抗静电剂0.5-2重量份。
进一步优选的，所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维28重量份，聚乙烯35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，聚乙烯醇6重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2重量份。
进一步优选的，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
进一步优选的，所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份，环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉15重量份。
进一步优选的，所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40重量份，短玻璃纤维8重量份，氧化铝10重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，对苯二胺2重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，紫外线吸收剂1重量份，和抗静电剂1重量份。
进一步优选的，一种制备所述盖板材料的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
对于各层的厚度没有特定要求，可以根据实际需要调整。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)、本发明的盖板通过将内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述内层和外层夹持发泡层的结构，能够提高盖板的强度的同时，降低盖板的单位密度。
2)、发泡层能够提高盖板的耐冲击性，并且能够缓解内层和外层在折弯时产生的横向应力，提高盖板的耐弯折性。
3)、针对内层和外层的需求不同，将发泡层设置为组成不同的内发泡层和外发泡层，内发泡层具有更高的阻燃性和机械强度，而外发泡层具有更好的隔热性能以及弹性；内外发泡层的结合有利于提高盖板的阻燃性，隔热性能，抗弯性能以及耐冲击性能。
4)、内层中加入石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维，该复合纤维具有极高的机械性能，以及极好的导电性能，能够提高内层的机械强度的同时，消除部分内层的静电；外层接触外部环境，通过调整组分提高外层的耐磨性能以及耐老性能。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将通过具体的实施例进行更详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层厚度分别为1mm。
石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
实施例1
所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维25重量份，聚乙烯30重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维20重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，聚乙烯醇5重量份，硅烷偶联剂2重量份，滑石粉4重量份，和阻燃剂10重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4重量份、埃洛石纳米管3重量份、钛白粉0.5重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1重量份；
所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯70重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷1重量份，环氧树脂6重量份，聚乙二醇3重量份，羧甲基纤维素4重量份，短碳纤维16重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4重量份，滑石粉18重量份，硬脂酸钙6重量份，硅烷偶联剂13重量份，碳酸氢钠8重量份；
所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80重量份，CPVC粉15重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4重量份，氧化镁6重量份，硅烷偶联剂6重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂25重量份，碳酸钙25重量份，和滑石粉10重量份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35重量份，短玻璃纤维6重量份，氧化铝8重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4重量份，马来酸半酯2重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1重量份，对苯二胺1重量份，硅烷偶联剂4重量份，紫外线吸收剂0.5重量份，和抗静电剂0.5重量份。
实施例2
所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维30重量份，聚乙烯40重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维30重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯16重量份，聚乙烯醇7重量份，硅烷偶联剂4重量份，滑石粉6重量份，和阻燃剂15重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠8重量份、埃洛石纳米管6重量份、钛白粉2重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯3重量份；
所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯80重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂6重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯7重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷3重量份，环氧树脂8重量份，聚乙二醇5重量份，羧甲基纤维素6重量份，短碳纤维20重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体6重量份，滑石粉22重量份，硬脂酸钙10重量份，硅烷偶联剂17重量份，碳酸氢钠12重量份；
所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂100重量份，CPVC粉25重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯6重量份，氧化镁10重量份，硅烷偶联剂10重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉20重量份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯45重量份，短玻璃纤维10重量份，氧化铝12重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8重量份，马来酸半酯4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物3重量份，对苯二胺3重量份，硅烷偶联剂6重量份，紫外线吸收剂2重量份，和抗静电剂2重量份。
实施例3
所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维28重量份，聚乙烯35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，聚乙烯醇6重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2重量份；
所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份，环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；
所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉15重量份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40重量份、短玻璃纤维8重量份、氧化铝10重量份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6重量份、马来酸半酯3重量份、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份、对苯二胺2重量份、硅烷偶联剂3重量份，紫外线吸收剂1重量份，和抗静电剂1重量份。
测试及结果
拉伸性能测试：按ISO 527-2标准进行测试，拉伸速度为5mm/min。
弯曲性能测试：按ISO 178标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min。
抗翘曲变形能力按纵横收缩率比值，测试样板尺寸为150mm×100mm×4mm。
抗冲击性能测试：按ISO 179标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min
表1
Figure BDA0002398938530000091
Figure BDA0002398938530000101
本发明得到的盖板，各项参数均优于现有的盖板性能，并且具有更轻的质量，更好的隔温性能和阻燃性能。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (6)

1.一种电缆沟用抗冲轻质塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过将内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；
进一步优选的，所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维25-30重量份，聚乙烯30-40重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维20-30重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12-16重量份，聚乙烯醇5-7重量份，硅烷偶联剂2-4重量份，滑石粉4-6重量份，和阻燃剂10-15重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4-8重量份、埃洛石纳米管3-6重量份、钛白粉0.5-2重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3重量份；
进一步优选的，所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯70-80重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4-6重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5-7重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷1-3重量份，环氧树脂6-8重量份，聚乙二醇3-5重量份，羧甲基纤维素4-6重量份，短碳纤维16-20重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6重量份，滑石粉18-22重量份，硬脂酸钙6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂13-17重量份，碳酸氢钠8-12重量份；
进一步优选的，所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100重量份，CPVC粉15-25重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂25-30重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6重量份，氧化镁6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂6-10重量份、碳酸钙25-30重量份，和滑石粉10-20重量份；
进一步优选的，所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35-45重量份，短玻璃纤维6-10重量份，氧化铝8-12重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8重量份，马来酸半酯2-4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3重量份，对苯二胺1-3重量份，硅烷偶联剂4-6重量份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-2重量份和抗静电剂0.5-2重量份。
2.如上述权利要求所述的盖板材料，其特征在于：所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维28重量份，聚乙烯35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，聚乙烯醇6重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2重量份。
3.如上述权利要求所述的盖板材料，其特征在于：所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
4.如上述权利要求所述的盖板材料，其特征在于：所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份，环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉15重量份。
5.如上述权利要求所述的盖板材料，其特征在于：所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40重量份，短玻璃纤维8重量份，氧化铝10重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，对苯二胺2重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，紫外线吸收剂1重量份和抗静电剂1重量份。
6.一种制备权利要求1-5任一项所述盖板材料的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
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