CN111284100B - 一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111284100B
CN111284100B CN202010207128.0A CN202010207128A CN111284100B CN 111284100 B CN111284100 B CN 111284100B CN 202010207128 A CN202010207128 A CN 202010207128A CN 111284100 B CN111284100 B CN 111284100B
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parts
layer
cover plate
flame
retardant
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CN111284100A (zh
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颜录科
袁凯
罗燕平
文展
骆春佳
吉凌仝
盖军
赵伟娟
张梦醒
崔柔柔
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Changan University
Sichuan Road and Bridge Group Co Ltd
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Changan University
Sichuan Road and Bridge Group Co Ltd
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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板从内到外依次包括阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层，所述盖板通过将阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述阻燃增强层和外层夹持发泡层的结构，能够提高盖板的强度的同时，降低盖板的单位密度，发泡层能够提高盖板的耐冲击性，并且能够缓解阻燃增强层和外层在折弯时产生的横向应力，提高盖板的耐弯折性，将大量改性玻璃纤维添加到阻燃层和耐磨层中，得到机械性能增强的阻燃增强层和耐磨增强层，并且改性玻璃纤维具有良好的导电能力，有助于消除板材静电。

Description

一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
电缆槽盖板一直都是选用工程聚丙烯pp为原料，这种原料取代金属的可再生资源，这种可再生资源在使用过程中，提高了聚丙烯pp的强度，硬度，耐高温度等性能，但是没有完全的做到，电缆槽盖板依然需要进一步降低盖板质量，提高盖板强度，以及阻燃性能。在本申请的另一发明中，盖板采用内外层板夹持发泡板的三层结构，发泡板采用两种发泡材料制备，能够进一步满足内外层的不同需求。本申请再次基础上，进一步的，在内外层板中添加大量的石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维，复合纤维在内外层板中形成纤维骨架，提高内外层板材的机械性能，抗弯折性能和耐冲击性能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板从内到外依次包括阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层，所述盖板通过将阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述阻燃增强层和外层夹持发泡层的结构，能够提高盖板的强度的同时，降低盖板的单位密度，发泡层能够提高盖板的耐冲击性，并且能够缓解阻燃增强层和外层在折弯时产生的横向应力，提高盖板的耐弯折性，将大量改性玻璃纤维添加到阻燃层和耐磨层中，得到机械性能增强的阻燃增强层和耐磨增强层，并且改性玻璃纤维具有良好的导电能力，有助于消除板材静电。具体的方案如下：
一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃增强层，发泡层和耐磨增强层，所述盖板通过将阻燃增强层，发泡层和耐磨增强层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；
所述阻燃增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维50-70重量份，PVDF 5-10重量份，聚酰亚胺纤维15-20重量份，氢氧化铝30-40重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12-16重量份，硅烷偶联剂2-4重量份，滑石粉4-6重量份，和阻燃剂10-15重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4-8重量份、埃洛石纳米管3-6重量份、钛白粉0.5-2重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3重量份；
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4-6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6重量份，聚乙二醇3-5重量份，羧甲基纤维素4-6重量份，滑石粉18-22重量份，硬脂酸钙6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂13-17重量份，碳酸氢钠8-12重量份；
所述耐磨增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维40-50重量份，PVDF 5-10重量份，聚乙烯25-30重量份，氧化铝4-8重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8-12重量份，马来酸半酯2-4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3重量份，对苯二胺1-3重量份，硅烷偶联剂4-6重量份，和紫外线吸收剂0.5-2重量份。
进一步的，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
进一步的，所述阻燃增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维60重量份，PVDF8重量份，聚酰亚胺纤维18重量份，氢氧化铝35重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2重量份。
进一步的，所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份，环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉15重量份。
进一步的，所述耐磨增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维45重量份，PVDF 8重量份，聚乙烯28重量份，氧化铝6重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物10重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，对苯二胺2重量份，硅烷偶联剂5重量份，和紫外线吸收剂1重量份。
进一步的，一种制备所述盖板材料的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
对于各层的厚度没有特定要求，可以根据实际需要调整。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)、本发明的盖板通过将阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层按顺序层叠热压制备得到。所述阻燃增强层和外层夹持发泡层的结构，能够提高盖板的强度的同时，降低盖板的单位密度。
2)、发泡层能够提高盖板的耐冲击性，并且能够缓解阻燃增强层和外层在折弯时产生的横向应力，提高盖板的耐弯折性。
3)、针对阻燃增强层和外层的需求不同，将发泡层设置为组成不同的内发泡层和外发泡层，内发泡层具有更高的阻燃性和机械强度，而外发泡层具有更好的隔热性能以及弹性；内外发泡层的结合有利于提高盖板的阻燃性，隔热性能，抗弯性能以及耐冲击性能。
4)、阻燃增强层中加入石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维，该复合纤维具有极高的机械性能，以及极好的导电性能，能够提高阻燃增强层的机械强度的同时，消除部分阻燃增强层的静电；外层接触外部环境，通过调整组分提高外层的耐磨性能以及耐老性能。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将通过具体的实施例进行更详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层，所述盖板通过分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
其中阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层厚度分别为1mm。
石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
实施例1
所述阻燃增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维50重量份，PVDF 5重量份，聚酰亚胺纤维15重量份，氢氧化铝30重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，硅烷偶联剂2重量份，滑石粉4重量份，和阻燃剂10重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4重量份、埃洛石纳米管3重量份、钛白粉0.5重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1重量份；
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4重量份，聚乙二醇3重量份，羧甲基纤维素4重量份，滑石粉18重量份，硬脂酸钙6重量份，硅烷偶联剂13重量份，碳酸氢钠8重量份；
所述耐磨增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维40重量份，PVDF 5重量份，聚乙烯25重量份，氧化铝4重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8重量份，马来酸半酯2重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1重量份，对苯二胺1重量份，硅烷偶联剂4重量份，和紫外线吸收剂0.5重量份。
实施例2
所述阻燃增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维70重量份，PVDF 10重量份，聚酰亚胺纤维20重量份，氢氧化铝40重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯16重量份，硅烷偶联剂4重量份，滑石粉6重量份，和阻燃剂15重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠8重量份、埃洛石纳米管6重量份、钛白粉2重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯3重量份；
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂100重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯6重量份，聚乙二醇5重量份，羧甲基纤维素6重量份，滑石粉22重量份，硬脂酸钙10重量份，硅烷偶联剂17重量份，碳酸氢钠12重量份；
所述耐磨增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维50重量份，PVDF 10重量份，聚乙烯30重量份，氧化铝8重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物12重量份，马来酸半酯4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物3重量份，对苯二胺3重量份，硅烷偶联剂6重量份，和紫外线吸收剂2重量份。
实施例3
所述阻燃增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维60重量份，PVDF8重量份，聚酰亚胺纤维18重量份，氢氧化铝35重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2重量份。
所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份，环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；
所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉15重量份。
所述耐磨增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维45重量份，PVDF 8重量份，聚乙烯28重量份，氧化铝6重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物10重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，对苯二胺2重量份，硅烷偶联剂5重量份，和紫外线吸收剂1重量份。
对比例1
所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维28重量份，聚乙烯35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，聚乙烯醇6重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2重量份；
所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份，环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；
所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉15重量份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40重量份、短玻璃纤维8重量份、氧化铝10重量份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6重量份、马来酸半酯3重量份、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份、对苯二胺2重量份、硅烷偶联剂3重量份，紫外线吸收剂1重量份，和抗静电剂1重量份。
测试及结果
拉伸性能测试：按ISO 527-2标准进行测试，拉伸速度为5mm/min。
弯曲性能测试：按ISO 178标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min。
抗翘曲变形能力按纵横收缩率比值，测试样板尺寸为150mm×100mm×4mm。
抗冲击性能测试：按ISO 179标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min
表1
项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1 现有轻型盖板(市购)
拉伸强度(MPa) 152 150 155 138 113
弯曲强度(MPa) 173 172 176 157 115
弯曲模量(MPa) 6320 6260 6430 6050 5240
纵横收缩比值 0.84 0.84 0.86 0.82 0.64
抗冲击强度(KJ/m<sup>2</sup>) 15.3 15.8 15.6 13.0 10.8
导热系数(W/m*K) 0.121 0.120 0.119 0.112 0.202
燃烧性能 V0 V0 V0 V0 V1
本发明得到的盖板，各项参数均优于现有的盖板性能，并且具有更轻的质量，更好的隔温性能和阻燃性能。
相对于对比例1的盖板，除了隔热性略差，由于玻璃纤维的加入，其他性能均优于对比例1的盖板。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (1)

1.一种电缆沟用高强度轻质塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括阻燃增强层，外发泡层，内发泡层和耐磨增强层，所述盖板通过将阻燃增强层，内发泡层，外发泡层和耐磨增强层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；
所述阻燃增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维60重量份，PVDF 8重量份，聚酰亚胺纤维18重量份，氢氧化铝35重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重 量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠 6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双 二甲基硅酸酯2重量份；
所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡 剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份， 环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份， 短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量 份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；
所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20 重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷 偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑 石粉15重量份；
所述耐磨增强层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维45重量份，PVDF 8重量份，聚乙烯28重量份，氧化铝6重量份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物10重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈- 苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，对苯二胺2重量份，硅烷偶联剂5 重量份，和紫外线吸收剂1重量份；
所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维；
所述盖板材料的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
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