CN111660635A - 一种复合高强度塑料模板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合高强度塑料模板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111660635A
CN111660635A CN202010342873.6A CN202010342873A CN111660635A CN 111660635 A CN111660635 A CN 111660635A CN 202010342873 A CN202010342873 A CN 202010342873A CN 111660635 A CN111660635 A CN 111660635A
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China
Prior art keywords
parts
template
layer
foaming
polyethylene
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CN202010342873.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
李云全
尚晓敏
朱道峰
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Anhui Zhongfu New Material Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Zhongfu New Material Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010342873.6A priority Critical patent/CN111660635A/zh
Publication of CN111660635A publication Critical patent/CN111660635A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种复合高强度塑料模板及其制备方法，其中所述所述模板为多层复合模板，所述模板包括两层模板表层，两层表层之间夹持发泡层，并且所述发泡层中复合有高强度框架层，所述高强度框架层能够提高模板的机械强度，提高模板的结构性能以及抗弯折性能，而发泡层能够缓解多层模板在弯折时的水平应力差，防止层间剥离，提高塑料模板的耐弯折性能以及耐老性能，同时模板表层具有高强度、高机械模数和耐磨损性能。

Description

一种复合高强度塑料模板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合高强度塑料模板及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料建筑模板是一种节能型和绿色环保产品，周转次数能达到30次以上，还能回收再造。温度适应范围大，规格适应性强，可锯、钻，使用方便，有防腐、抗水及抗化学品腐蚀的功能，有较好的力学性能和电绝缘性能。能满足各种建筑支模的要求。然而，现有的塑料建筑模板的强度不高。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种复合高强度塑料模板及其制备方法，其中所述所述模板为多层复合模板，所述模板包括两层模板表层，两层表层之间夹持发泡层，并且所述发泡层中复合有高强度框架层，所述高强度框架层能够提高模板的机械强度，提高模板的结构性能以及抗弯折性能，而发泡层能够缓解多层模板在弯折时的水平应力差，防止层间剥离，提高塑料模板的耐弯折性能以及耐老性能，同时模板表层具有高强度、高机械模数和耐磨损性能。
具体的方案如下：
一种复合高强度塑料模板，其特征在于：所述所述模板为多层复合模板，所述模板包括两层模板表层，两层表层之间夹持发泡层，并且所述发泡层中复合有高强度框架层，所述模板通过先将发泡层和高强度框架层热压，使发泡层嵌入所述框架层形成复合层，然后再将所述复合层的两侧面贴合所述模板表层层叠热压制备得到；
所述模板表层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂20-25份、聚氯乙烯35-45份、聚乙烯15-20份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硬脂酸钙15-20份、氧化锌5-10份、二氧化钛10-15份、碳化硅纤维10-15份、短纤维石棉粉10-15份、氯丁橡胶20-25份；
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4-6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6重量份，聚乙二醇3-5重量份，羧甲基纤维素4-6重量份，滑石粉18-22重量份，硬脂酸钙6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂13-17重量份，碳酸氢钠8-12重量份；
所述高强度框架层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维150-180份，PVDF粘结剂8-10份，聚乙烯35-45重量份，氧化铝8-12重量份，马来酸半酯2-4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3重量份，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为5-15mm。
进一步的，所述模板表层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂22份、聚氯乙烯40份、聚乙烯18份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硬脂酸钙18份、氧化锌8份、二氧化钛12份、碳化硅纤维12份、短纤维石棉粉12份、氯丁橡胶22份。
进一步的，所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份。
进一步的，所述高强度框架层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维170份，PVDF粘结剂8份，聚乙烯40重量份，氧化铝10重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为10mm。
进一步的，所述高强度框架层呈现“田”字形结构。
进一步的，一种制备所述模板的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述模板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后先将发泡层和高强度框架层热压，使发泡层嵌入所述框架层形成复合层，然后再将所述复合层的两侧面贴合所述模板表层层叠热压制备得到。
本发明的石墨烯玻璃复合纤维为本发明特制，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为5-15mm。
对于各层的厚度没有特定要求，可以根据实际需要调整。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)、模板表层具有高强度、高机械模数和耐磨损优点，将其设置在模板的表层，同时将框架层和发泡层复合，使发泡材料嵌入到框架层的孔隙之间，能够降低整体模板的厚度以及质量，同时框架层又能够极大的提高模板的机械强度。
2)、同时发泡层中的发泡材料和弹性材料缓解框架层的应力变化，提高模板的整体强度，同时提高板材之间的结合力。
3)、高强度框架层包含由本发明特制的石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维，其中石墨烯具有良好的亲和性，在塑料体系中具有良好的分散性能，并且能够编织成纤维网络，能够极大的提高框架层的机械强度。
4)、通过调整各层的组分以及具体含量，在热压的过程中三层能够稳固接合，能够提高层间的结合强度，防止模板开裂。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将通过具体的实施例进行更详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
复合高强度塑料模板通过分别将所述模板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后先将发泡层和高强度框架层热压，使发泡层嵌入所述框架层形成复合层，然后再将所述复合层的两侧面贴合所述模板表层层叠热压制备得到。。
模板表层，发泡层和高强度框架层的层厚度分别为2.5mm，5mm，5mm，所述复合层为5mm，所述框架层为田字结构。
石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
实施例1
所述模板表层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂20份、聚氯乙烯35份、聚乙烯15份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1份，对苯二胺1份，硬脂酸钙15份、氧化锌5份、二氧化钛10份、碳化硅纤维10份、短纤维石棉粉10份、氯丁橡胶20份；
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4重量份，聚乙二醇3重量份，羧甲基纤维素4重量份，滑石粉18重量份，硬脂酸钙6重量份，硅烷偶联剂13重量份，碳酸氢钠8重量份；
所述高强度框架层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维150份，PVDF粘结剂8份，聚乙烯35重量份，氧化铝8重量份，马来酸半酯2重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1重量份，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为5mm。
实施例2
所述模板表层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂25份、聚氯乙烯45份、聚乙烯20份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物3份，对苯二胺3份，硬脂酸钙20份、氧化锌10份、二氧化钛15份、碳化硅纤维15份、短纤维石棉粉15份、氯丁橡胶25份；
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂100重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯6重量份，聚乙二醇5重量份，羧甲基纤维素6重量份，滑石粉22重量份，硬脂酸钙10重量份，硅烷偶联剂17重量份，碳酸氢钠12重量份；
所述高强度框架层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维180份，PVDF粘结剂10份，聚乙烯45重量份，氧化铝12重量份，马来酸半酯4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物3重量份，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为15mm。
实施例3
所述模板表层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂22份、聚氯乙烯40份、聚乙烯18份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硬脂酸钙18份、氧化锌8份、二氧化钛12份、碳化硅纤维12份、短纤维石棉粉12份、氯丁橡胶22份。
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份。
所述高强度框架层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维170份，PVDF粘结剂8份，聚乙烯40重量份，氧化铝10重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为10mm。
测试及结果
拉伸性能测试：按ISO 527-2标准进行测试，拉伸速度为5mm/min。
弯曲性能测试：按ISO 178标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min。
抗翘曲变形能力按纵横收缩率比值，测试样板尺寸为150mm×100mm×4mm。
抗冲击性能测试：按ISO 179标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min
表1
项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 现有轻型模板(市购)
拉伸强度(MPa) 154 150 158 124
弯曲强度(MPa) 170 164 178 132
弯曲模量(MPa) 6340 6250 6530 5580
纵横收缩比值 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.74
抗冲击强度(KJ/m<sup>2</sup>) 15.8 15.5 16.4 12.8
导热系数(W/m*K) 0.143 0.139 0.152 0.145
燃烧性能 V0 V0 V0 V1
本发明得到的模板，各项参数均优于现有的模板性能，尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (6)

1.一种复合高强度塑料模板，其特征在于：所述所述模板为多层复合模板，所述模板包括两层模板表层，两层表层之间夹持发泡层，并且所述发泡层中复合有高强度框架层，所述模板通过先将发泡层和高强度框架层热压，使发泡层嵌入所述框架层形成复合层，然后再将所述复合层的两侧面贴合所述模板表层层叠热压制备得到；
所述模板表层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂20-25份、聚氯乙烯35-45份、聚乙烯15-20份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硬脂酸钙15-20份、氧化锌5-10份、二氧化钛10-15份、碳化硅纤维10-15份、短纤维石棉粉10-15份、氯丁橡胶20-25份；
所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂4-6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6重量份，聚乙二醇3-5重量份，羧甲基纤维素4-6重量份，滑石粉18-22重量份，硬脂酸钙6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂13-17重量份，碳酸氢钠8-12重量份；
所述高强度框架层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维150-180份，PVDF粘结剂8-10份，聚乙烯35-45重量份，氧化铝8-12重量份，马来酸半酯2-4重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3重量份，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为5-15mm。
2.如上述权利要求所述的模板，所述模板表层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂22份、聚氯乙烯40份、聚乙烯18份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硬脂酸钙18份、氧化锌8份、二氧化钛12份、碳化硅纤维12份、短纤维石棉粉12份、氯丁橡胶22份。
3.如上述权利要求所述的模板，所述发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份。
4.如上述权利要求所述的模板，所述高强度框架层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维170份，PVDF粘结剂8份，聚乙烯40重量份，氧化铝10重量份，马来酸半酯3重量份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为10mm。
5.如上述权利要求所述的模板，所述高强度框架层呈现“田”字形结构。
6.一种制备权利要求1-5任一项所述模板的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述模板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后先将发泡层和高强度框架层热压，使发泡层嵌入所述框架层形成复合层，然后再将所述复合层的两侧面贴合所述模板表层层叠热压制备得到。
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