CN111662518A - 一种铝框塑料建筑模板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铝框塑料建筑模板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111662518A
CN111662518A CN202010342871.7A CN202010342871A CN111662518A CN 111662518 A CN111662518 A CN 111662518A CN 202010342871 A CN202010342871 A CN 202010342871A CN 111662518 A CN111662518 A CN 111662518A
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李云全
尚晓敏
朱道峰
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Anhui Zhongfu New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种铝框塑料建筑模板及其制备方法，其中所述所述模板包括模板主体，所述模板主体的四周固定有铝框，所述模板主体为层叠结构，依次包括模板外层、多孔缓冲层，中间层，多孔缓冲层和模板外层构成，其中所述铝框塑料模板，结构简单，强度高，环保，节约资源。

Description

一种铝框塑料建筑模板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝框塑料建筑模板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前用于建筑主体结构施工过程中所采用的模板主要是木模板和钢模板。但是大量的使用木模板造成了木材的大量损失乃至森林的破坏；钢模板所采用的钢材为不可再生资源，应节约使用。
另外，目前我们日常生活中时时处处都离不开塑料，废弃塑料制品的处理经常以焚烧的方式进行，但是焚烧塑料会产生对人体严重有害的物质，这样严重地破坏了生态环境。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种铝框塑料建筑模板及其制备方法，其中所述所述模板包括模板主体，所述模板主体的四周固定有铝框，所述模板主体为层叠结构，依次包括模板外层、多孔缓冲层，中间层，多孔缓冲层和模板外层构成，其中所述铝框塑料模板，结构简单，强度高，环保，节约资源。
具体的方案如下：
一种铝框塑料建筑模板，其特征在于：其中所述所述模板包括模板主体，所述模板主体的四周固定有铝框，所述模板主体为层叠结构，依次包括模板外层、多孔缓冲层，中间层，多孔缓冲层和模板外层构成，所述模板主体通过先制备模板外层、多孔缓冲层，中间层，然后再将各层按照顺序层叠热压制备得到；
所述模板外层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂20-25份、聚氯乙烯35-45份、聚乙烯15-20份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硬脂酸钙15-20份、氧化锌5-10份、二氧化钛10-15份、碳化硅纤维10-15份、短纤维石棉粉10-15份、氯丁橡胶20-25份；
所述多孔缓冲层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100重量份，聚丙烯泡沫剂4-6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6重量份，聚乙二醇3-5重量份，羧甲基纤维素4-6重量份，滑石粉18-22重量份，硬脂酸钙6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂13-17重量份，碳酸氢钠8-12重量份；
所述中间层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维33-37重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25-35份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18-22重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯10-15重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯1-3重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份和滑石粉4-6重量份。
进一步的，所述模板外层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂22份、聚氯乙烯40份、聚乙烯18份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硬脂酸钙18份、氧化锌8份、二氧化钛12份、碳化硅纤维12份、短纤维石棉粉12份、氯丁橡胶22份。
进一步的，所述多孔缓冲层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，聚丙烯泡沫剂5重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份。
进一步的，所述中间层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维30份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯2重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份和滑石粉5重量份。
5.一种制备权利要求1-4任一项所述模板的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述模板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后先将多孔缓冲层和高强度框架层热压，使多孔缓冲层嵌入所述框架层形成复合层，然后然后再将各层按照顺序层叠热压制备得到模板主体，然后再将铝框架固定在模板主体的四周得到所述建筑模板。
本发明的石墨烯玻璃复合纤维为本发明特制，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维的长度为5-15mm。
对于各层的厚度没有特定要求，可以根据实际需要调整。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)、模板通过将模板外层、多孔缓冲层，中间层，多孔缓冲层和模板外层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；所述基层能够提高模板的机械强度；所述模板外层能够提高模板的耐老性，耐温性，以及耐磨性能。
2)、所述多孔缓冲层位于基层和外层之间，其中的泡沫材料和弹性材料能够提高纤维层的形变能力，从而缓解内层和外层由于弯折半径不同所带来的应力差，提高板材之间的结合力。
3)、模板外层具有良好的耐磨性能以及耐火性能，能够提高模板的耐火性以及机械强度。
3)、根据各层需求的不同，设置不同的组分，在热压的过程中三层能够稳固接合，能够有效提高层间结合性能，多层复合使得复合板材的机械强度增强，并且提高板材的耐老以及耐温性能。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将通过具体的实施例进行更详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
复合高强度塑料模板通过分别将所述模板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后再将各层按照顺序层叠热压制备得到模板主体，然后再将铝框架固定在模板主体的四周得到所述建筑模板。
模板外层，多孔缓冲层和中间层的层厚度分别为2mm，1mm，2mm，模板主体总厚度为8mm。
石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
实施例1
所述模板外层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂20份、聚氯乙烯35份、聚乙烯15份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1份，对苯二胺1份，硬脂酸钙15份、氧化锌5份、二氧化钛10份、碳化硅纤维10份、短纤维石棉粉10份、氯丁橡胶20份；
所述多孔缓冲层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80重量份，聚丙烯泡沫剂4重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4重量份，聚乙二醇3重量份，羧甲基纤维素4重量份，滑石粉18重量份，硬脂酸钙6重量份，硅烷偶联剂13重量份，碳酸氢钠8重量份；
所述中间层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维33重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯10重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯1重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份和滑石粉4重量份。
实施例2
所述模板外层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂25份、聚氯乙烯45份、聚乙烯20份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物3份，对苯二胺3份，硬脂酸钙20份、氧化锌10份、二氧化钛15份、碳化硅纤维15份、短纤维石棉粉15份、氯丁橡胶25份；
所述多孔缓冲层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂100重量份，聚丙烯泡沫剂6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯6重量份，聚乙二醇5重量份，羧甲基纤维素6重量份，滑石粉22重量份，硬脂酸钙10重量份，硅烷偶联剂17重量份，碳酸氢钠12重量份；
所述中间层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维37重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维35份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯22重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯15重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯3重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯3份和滑石粉6重量份。
实施例3
所述模板外层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂22份、聚氯乙烯40份、聚乙烯18份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硬脂酸钙18份、氧化锌8份、二氧化钛12份、碳化硅纤维12份、短纤维石棉粉12份、氯丁橡胶22份。
所述多孔缓冲层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，聚丙烯泡沫剂5重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份。
所述中间层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维30份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯2重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份和滑石粉5重量份。
测试及结果
拉伸性能测试：按ISO527-2标准进行测试，拉伸速度为5mm/min。
弯曲性能测试：按ISO178标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min。
抗翘曲变形能力按纵横收缩率比值，测试样板尺寸为150mm×100mm×4mm。
抗冲击性能测试：按ISO179标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min
表1
项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 现有铝模板(市购)
拉伸强度(MPa) 230 236 238 245
弯曲强度(MPa) 262 268 265 280
弯曲模量(MPa) 6740 6750 6730 6850
抗冲击强度(KJ/m<sup>2</sup>) 17.8 17.5 18.4 19.8
燃烧性能 V0 V0 V0 V0
本发明得到的模板，各项参数均接近纯铝模板的性能，但是本发明的模板成本更低，质量更轻，完全能够替代现有的铝模板使用，尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (5)

1.一种铝框塑料建筑模板，其特征在于：其中所述所述模板包括模板主体，所述模板主体的四周固定有铝框，所述模板主体为层叠结构，依次包括模板外层、多孔缓冲层，中间层，多孔缓冲层和模板外层构成，所述模板主体通过先制备模板外层、多孔缓冲层，中间层，然后再将各层按照顺序层叠热压制备得到；
所述模板外层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂20-25份、聚氯乙烯35-45份、聚乙烯15-20份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硬脂酸钙15-20份、氧化锌5-10份、二氧化钛10-15份、碳化硅纤维10-15份、短纤维石棉粉10-15份、氯丁橡胶20-25份；
所述多孔缓冲层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂80-100重量份，聚丙烯泡沫剂4-6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体4-6重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯4-6重量份，聚乙二醇3-5重量份，羧甲基纤维素4-6重量份，滑石粉18-22重量份，硬脂酸钙6-10重量份，硅烷偶联剂13-17重量份，碳酸氢钠8-12重量份；
所述中间层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维33-37重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25-35份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18-22重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯10-15重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯1-3重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份和滑石粉4-6重量份。
2.如上述权利要求所述的模板，所述模板外层由以下成分组成：环氧树脂22份、聚氯乙烯40份、聚乙烯18份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硬脂酸钙18份、氧化锌8份、二氧化钛12份、碳化硅纤维12份、短纤维石棉粉12份、氯丁橡胶22份。
3.如上述权利要求所述的模板，所述多孔缓冲层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，聚丙烯泡沫剂5重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份。
4.如上述权利要求所述的模板，所述中间层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维30份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯12重量份，三异硬脂酸钛酸异丙酯2重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份和滑石粉5重量份。
5.一种制备权利要求1-4任一项所述模板的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述模板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后先将多孔缓冲层和高强度框架层热压，使多孔缓冲层嵌入所述框架层形成复合层，然后然后再将各层按照顺序层叠热压制备得到模板主体，然后再将铝框架固定在模板主体的四周得到所述建筑模板。
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CN103554752A (zh) * 2013-10-25 2014-02-05 大英县斯佩克新材料有限公司 长玻纤增强粉煤灰复合pvc微发泡建筑模板及其制备方法
CN110527185A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-03 中国建筑股份有限公司 一种纤维增强聚丙烯结构发泡建筑模板及其制备方法

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