CN111347732B - 一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111347732B
CN111347732B CN202010140559.XA CN202010140559A CN111347732B CN 111347732 B CN111347732 B CN 111347732B CN 202010140559 A CN202010140559 A CN 202010140559A CN 111347732 B CN111347732 B CN 111347732B
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parts
cover plate
layer
fiber
graphene
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CN111347732A (zh
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颜录科
吉凌仝
骆春佳
赖金星
王志超
朱冀军
王朝杰
冯志华
张磊
罗燕平
文展
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Changan University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板依次包括盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层，所述盖板通过将盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；所述盖板内层设置在盖板的里层，提高盖板的阻燃性能以及隔热性能；所述盖板外层能够提高盖板的耐老性，耐温性，以及耐磨性能，所述发泡纤维层位于盖板内层，盖板外层之间，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维能够在纤维层中形成纤维网络，增强纤维层的机械强度，提高耐弯折性能，同时发泡材料和弹性材料能够提高纤维层的形变能力，从而缓解内层和外层由于弯折半径不同所带来的应力差，提高板材之间的结合力。

Description

一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
电缆槽盖板一直都是选用工程聚丙烯pp为原料，这种原料取代金属的可再生资源，这种可再生资源在使用过程中，提高了聚丙烯pp的强度，硬度，耐高温度等性能，但是没有完全的做到，电缆槽盖板依然需要进一步降低盖板质量，提高盖板强度，以及阻燃性能。在本申请的另一发明中，盖板采用内外层板夹持发泡板的三层结构，发泡板采用两种发泡材料制备，能够进一步满足内外层的不同需求。本申请中依然采用内外层板夹持发泡板的三层结构，而进一步的，在发泡板中添加大量的石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维，复合纤维在发泡层中形成纤维骨架，提高板材的机械性能，抗弯折性能和耐冲击性能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板材料及其制备方法，其中所述盖板依次包括盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层，所述盖板通过将盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；所述盖板内层设置在盖板的里层，提高盖板的阻燃性能以及隔热性能；所述盖板外层能够提高盖板的耐老性，耐温性，以及耐磨性能，所述发泡纤维层位于盖板内层，盖板外层之间，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维能够在纤维层中形成纤维网络，增强纤维层的机械强度，提高耐弯折性能，同时发泡材料和弹性材料能够提高纤维层的形变能力，从而缓解内层和外层由于弯折半径不同所带来的应力差，提高板材之间的结合力。
具体的方案如下：
一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板，其特征在于：所述盖板依次包括盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层，所述盖板通过将盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；
所述盖板内层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯60-70份，硅烷偶联剂2-4份，纳米氢氧化铝20-25份，聚磷酸铵18-20份，聚乙烯醇5-7份、阻燃剂25-30份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4-8份、埃洛石纳米管3-6份、钛白粉0.5-2份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份；
所述发泡纤维层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维150-170份，PVDF粘结剂5-10份，PVC树脂60-70份，聚丙烯发泡剂8-12份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18-22重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯8-10份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯5-8重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体8-10份，滑石粉18-22份；
所述盖板外层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35-45份，氧化铝20-25份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，马来酸半酯2-4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硅烷偶联剂4-6份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-2份，和抗静电剂0.5-2份。
进一步的，所述盖板内层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯65份，硅烷偶联剂3份，纳米氢氧化铝23份，聚磷酸铵19份，聚乙烯醇6份、阻燃剂28份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6份、埃洛石纳米管5份、钛白粉1份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份。
进一步的，所述发泡纤维层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维160份，PVDF粘结剂8份，PVC树脂65份，聚丙烯发泡剂10份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯9份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体9份，滑石粉20份。
进一步的，所述盖板外层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40份，氧化铝22份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，马来酸半酯3份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硅烷偶联剂5份，紫外线吸收剂1份，和抗静电剂1份。
进一步的，所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
进一步的，一种制备所述盖板的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
对于各层的厚度没有特定要求，可以根据实际需要调整。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)、盖板通过将盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；所述盖板内层设置在盖板的里层，提高盖板的阻燃性能以及隔热性能；所述盖板外层能够提高盖板的耐老性，耐温性，以及耐磨性能。
2)、所述发泡纤维层位于盖板内层，盖板外层之间，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维能够在纤维层中形成纤维网络，增强纤维层的机械强度，提高耐弯折性能，同时发泡材料和弹性材料能够提高纤维层的形变能力，从而缓解内层和外层由于弯折半径不同所带来的应力差，提高板材之间的结合力。
3)、根据各层需求的不同，设置不同的组分，盖板内层具有较高的阻燃和隔温性能，基层具有较高的机械强度，而盖板外层具有较高的耐温，耐老以及耐磨性能，三层复合使得复合板材的机械强度增强，并且提高板材的耐老型以及耐温性能。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将通过具体的实施例进行更详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板通过分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层厚度分别为1mm，2mm，1mm。
石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
实施例1
所述盖板内层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯60份，硅烷偶联剂2份，纳米氢氧化铝20份，聚磷酸铵18份，聚乙烯醇5份、阻燃剂25份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4份、埃洛石纳米管3份、钛白粉0.5份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1份；
所述发泡纤维层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维150份，PVDF粘结剂5份，PVC树脂60份，聚丙烯发泡剂8份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯8份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯5重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体8份，滑石粉18份；
所述盖板外层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35份，氧化铝20份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4份，马来酸半酯2份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1份，对苯二胺1份，硅烷偶联剂4份，紫外线吸收剂0.5份，和抗静电剂0.5份。
实施例2
所述盖板内层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯70份，硅烷偶联剂4份，纳米氢氧化铝25份，聚磷酸铵20份，聚乙烯醇7份、阻燃剂30份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠8份、埃洛石纳米管6份、钛白粉2份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯3份；
所述发泡纤维层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维170份，PVDF粘结剂10份，PVC树脂70份，聚丙烯发泡剂12份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18-22重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯10份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯8重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体10份，滑石粉18-22份；
所述盖板外层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯45份，氧化铝25份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8份，马来酸半酯4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物3份，对苯二胺3份，硅烷偶联剂6份，紫外线吸收剂2份，和抗静电剂2份。
实施例3
所述盖板内层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯65份，硅烷偶联剂3份，纳米氢氧化铝23份，聚磷酸铵19份，聚乙烯醇6份、阻燃剂28份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6份、埃洛石纳米管5份、钛白粉1份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份。
所述发泡纤维层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维160份，PVDF粘结剂8份，PVC树脂65份，聚丙烯发泡剂10份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯9份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体9份，滑石粉20份。
所述盖板外层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40份，氧化铝22份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，马来酸半酯3份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硅烷偶联剂5份，紫外线吸收剂1份，和抗静电剂1份。
对比例1
电缆沟用高强阻燃型塑料盖板材料，其特征在于：所述盖板材料依次包括内层，内发泡层，外发泡层和表层，所述盖板通过分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
所述内层由以下组分组成：聚酰亚胺纤维28重量份，聚乙烯35重量份，石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维25重量份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯14重量份，聚乙烯醇6重量份，硅烷偶联剂3重量份，滑石粉5重量份，和阻燃剂12重量份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6重量份、埃洛石纳米管4重量份、钛白粉1重量份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2重量份；
所述内发泡层由以下组分组成：聚丙烯76重量份，聚丙烯发泡剂5重量份，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6重量份，笼形倍半硅氧烷2重量份，环氧树脂7重量份，聚乙二醇4重量份，羧甲基纤维素5重量份，短碳纤维18重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体5重量份，滑石粉20重量份，硬脂酸钙8重量份，硅烷偶联剂15重量份，碳酸氢钠10重量份；
所述外发泡层由以下组分组成：PVC树脂90重量份，CPVC粉20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯5重量份，氧化镁8重量份，硅烷偶联剂8重量份、聚丙烯发泡剂30重量份，碳酸钙30重量份，和滑石粉15重量份；
所述表层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40重量份、短玻璃纤维8重量份、氧化铝10重量份、马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6重量份、马来酸半酯3重量份、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2重量份、对苯二胺2重量份、硅烷偶联剂3重量份，紫外线吸收剂1重量份，和抗静电剂1重量份。
其中内层，内发泡层，外发泡层，表层厚度分别为1mm。
测试及结果
拉伸性能测试：按ISO 527-2标准进行测试，拉伸速度为5mm/min。
弯曲性能测试：按ISO 178标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min。
抗翘曲变形能力按纵横收缩率比值，测试样板尺寸为150mm×100mm×4mm。
抗冲击性能测试：按ISO 179标准进行测试,弯曲速度为2mm/min
表1
Figure BDA0002398941790000091
本发明得到的盖板，各项参数均优于现有的盖板性能，并且具有更轻的质量，更好的隔温性能和阻燃性能。
相对于对比例1的盖板，除了隔热性略差，由于玻璃纤维的加入，其他性能均优于对比例1的盖板。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (5)

1.一种电缆沟用复合高强度塑料盖板，其特征在于：所述盖板依次包括盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层，所述盖板通过将盖板内层，发泡纤维层和盖板外层按顺序层叠热压制备得到；
所述盖板内层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯60-70份，硅烷偶联剂2-4份，纳米氢氧化铝20-25份，聚磷酸铵18-20份，聚乙烯醇5-7份、阻燃剂25-30份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠4-8份、埃洛石纳米管3-6份、钛白粉0.5-2份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯1-3份；
所述发泡纤维层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维150-170份，PVDF粘结剂5-10份，PVC树脂60-70份，聚丙烯发泡剂8-12份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯18-22重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯8-10份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯5-8重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体8-10份，和滑石粉18-22份；
所述盖板外层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯35-45份，氧化铝20-25份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物4-8份，马来酸半酯2-4份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物1-3份，对苯二胺1-3份，硅烷偶联剂4-6份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-2份，和抗静电剂0.5-2份；
所述石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维由以下方法制备得到：(1)将微孔玻璃纤维与羧甲基纤维素钠混合再加入石墨烯，分散在丙酮中，搅拌均匀，转移到真空加热釜中，85摄氏度加压至30MPa，静置1h，过滤干燥，得到负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维；(2)将步骤(1)制得的负载石墨烯的玻璃纤维浸润在质量浓度为40％的硝酸钡溶液中浸渍1h，取出后移入质量浓度为20％的磷酸二氢铵溶液中，静置，在玻璃纤维的微孔中生成磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡结晶沉淀，从而将磷酸钡和磷酸氢钡粒子组装到玻璃纤维的内部孔隙中封装石墨烯，形成石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维。
2.如上述权利要求1所述的盖板，所述盖板内层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯65份，硅烷偶联剂3份，纳米氢氧化铝23份，聚磷酸铵19份，聚乙烯醇6份、阻燃剂28份；所述阻燃剂由以下成分组成：碳酸氢钠6份、埃洛石纳米管5份、钛白粉1份、和季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯2份。
3.如上述权利要求1所述的盖板，所述发泡纤维层由以下组分组成：石墨烯/玻璃复合纤维160份，PVDF粘结剂8份，PVC树脂65份，聚丙烯发泡剂10份，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯20重量份，季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯9份，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯6重量份，聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体9份，和滑石粉20份。
4.如上述权利要求1所述的盖板，所述盖板外层由以下组分组成：聚乙烯40份，氧化铝22份，马来酸酐与丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物6份，马来酸半酯3份，丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物2份，对苯二胺2份，硅烷偶联剂5份，紫外线吸收剂1份，和抗静电剂1份。
5.一种制备权利要求1-4任一项所述盖板的制备方法，其中包括分别将所述盖板的各层原料投入到双螺杆挤出机中，然后将熔体推进到换网器，然后到达分配器；所述分配器处理后的材料进入模具，然后到定型台定型，经牵引装置移送至冷却托架冷却，再经牵引装置移 送至纵切锯纵切，再经横切锯平台横切，最后由输送平台移出，从而完成各层的成型，然后将按次序将各层依次层叠，热压，得到所述盖板。
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