CN111263829A - 用于制造涂覆钢板的方法 - Google Patents
用于制造涂覆钢板的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111263829A CN111263829A CN201880069067.7A CN201880069067A CN111263829A CN 111263829 A CN111263829 A CN 111263829A CN 201880069067 A CN201880069067 A CN 201880069067A CN 111263829 A CN111263829 A CN 111263829A
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- steel sheet
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021328 Fe2Al5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/026—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. adhesion layers or pre-applied alloying elements or corrosion protection
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于制造涂覆钢板的方法。
Description
本发明涉及用于制造涂覆钢板的方法。本发明特别适用于机动车辆的制造。
基于锌的涂层因为其因屏障保护和阴极保护而能够实现抗腐蚀保护而被广泛使用。屏障作用通过在钢表面上施加金属涂层而获得。因此，金属涂层防止钢与腐蚀性气氛之间的接触。屏障作用与涂层和基材的性质无关。相反，牺牲阴极保护基于这样的事实：锌为与钢相比惰性较低的金属。因此，如果发生腐蚀，则锌与钢相比被优先消耗。阴极保护在钢直接暴露于腐蚀性气氛的区域(例如切割边缘，其中周围的锌先于钢被消耗)中是必需的。
然而，当对这样的经锌涂覆的钢板进行加热步骤(例如热压硬化或焊接)时，在钢中观察到从钢/涂层界面扩展的裂纹。事实上，有时，由于以上操作之后在涂覆钢板中存在裂纹，因此存在金属机械特性的降低。这些裂纹随着以下条件出现：高温；除了存在拉伸应力之外，还与具有低熔点的液态金属(例如，锌)接触；熔融金属在基材晶粒和晶界中的不均匀扩散。这种现象的名称被称为液态金属脆化(LME，liquid metal embrittlement)，也被称为液态金属辅助开裂(LMAC，liquid metal assisted cracking)。
US2012100391公开了用于制造具有良好的镀层品质、镀层附着力和可点焊性的热浸镀锌钢板的方法，该方法包括：
-用涂覆量(CNi)为0.1g/m2至1.0g/m2的Ni涂覆基础钢板；
-在还原性气氛中加热经Ni涂覆的钢板；
-将经加热的钢板冷却至钢板被进给至镀锌浴的温度(XS)；以及
-将经冷却的钢板进给并浸入有效Al浓度(CAl)为0.11重量％至0.14重量％且温度(Tp)为440℃至460℃的镀锌浴中，其中钢板被进给至镀锌浴的温度(XS)满足以下关系：CNi·(XS-TP)/2CAl＝5-100。
其还公开了一种热浸镀锌钢板，其中合金相为占镀锌层的截面面积的1％至20％的Fe-Zn合金相。
然而，在上述方法中，镀锌在包含0.11重量％至0.14重量％的Al的浴中进行，并因此抑制层非常弱并且形成Fe-Zn金属间相。在工业规模上，由于可点焊性取决于控制参数，包括涂层中Ni的量、镀锌浴的Al浓度、以及镀锌浴的温度与钢板被进给至镀锌浴中的温度之差，因此该方法难以应用。此外，进行的可点焊性基于电极寿命来评估，即，测量当熔核直径达到4√t(t：钢板厚度)时连续焊接点的数目。没有提到在点焊之后涂覆钢板中裂纹的存在的减少。
因此，本发明的目的是提供不存在LME问题的涂覆有金属涂层的钢板。其目的是使得可以实现实施方法，尤其是使得容易实施方法，以获得在成形和/或焊接之后不存在LME问题的部件。
该目的通过提供根据权利要求1所述的方法来实现。所述方法还可以包括根据权利要求2至18所述的任何特征。
另一个目的通过提供根据权利要求19所述的钢板来实现。所述钢板还可以包含根据权利要求20至25所述的任何特征。
另一个目的通过提供根据权利要求26所述的点焊接头来实现。所述点焊接头还可以包含根据权利要求27至29所述的特征。
最后，另一个目的通过提供根据权利要求30所述的钢板或组合件的用途来实现。
本发明的其他特征和优点将由以下对本发明的详细描述而变得明显。
名称“钢”或“钢板”意指具有允许部件实现高至2500MPa并且更优选地高至2000MPa的拉伸强度的组成的钢板、卷材、板材。例如，所述拉伸强度大于或等于500MPa，优选地大于或等于980MPa，有利地大于或等于1180MPa并且甚至大于或等于1470MPa。
本发明涉及用于制造涂覆钢板的方法，其包括以下步骤：
A.提供涂覆有包含铁和镍的第一涂层的预涂覆钢板，
B.在600℃至1000℃的温度下对这样的预涂覆钢板进行热处理，
C.用基于锌的第二涂层对步骤B)中获得的钢板进行涂覆。
不希望受任何理论约束，本发明的基本特征是在热处理之前将铁和镍的第一涂层沉积在钢板上，因为在热处理期间，一方面，Ni向钢板扩散，提供Fe-Ni合金层。另一方面，一定量的Ni仍存在于钢与涂层界面之间的界面处，从而防止在任何加热步骤(例如焊接)期间液态锌渗透到钢中。因此，通过应用根据本发明的方法，可以获得LME的阻挡层。
包含铁和镍的第一涂层通过本领域技术人员已知的任何沉积方法来沉积。其可以通过真空沉积或电镀法来沉积。优选地，其通过电镀法来沉积。
优选地，在步骤A)中，第一涂层包含10重量％至75重量％，更优选25重量％至65重量％，并且有利地40重量％至60重量％的铁。
优选地，在步骤A)中，第一涂层包含25重量％至90重量％，优选35重量％至75重量％，并且有利地40重量％至60重量％的镍。
在一个优选实施方案中，在步骤A)中，第一涂层由铁和镍组成。
优选地，在步骤A)中，第一涂层的厚度等于或大于0.5μm。更优选地，第一涂层的厚度为0.8μm至5.0μm，并且有利地为1.0μm至2.0μm。
优选地，在步骤A)中，钢板的组成按重量计包含：
0.10<C<0.40％，
1.5<Mn<3.0％，
0.7<Si<2.0％，
0.05％<Al<1.0％，
0.75％<(Si+Al)<3.0％，
以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素：
Nb≤0.5％，
B≤0.005％，
Cr≤1.0％，
Mo≤0.50％，
Ni≤1.0％，
Ti≤0.5％，
所述组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质构成。
优选地，在步骤B)中，热处理为连续退火。例如，连续退火包括加热、均热和冷却步骤。其还可以包括预热步骤。
有利地，热处理在露点为-10℃至-60℃的包含1％至30％的H2的气氛中进行。例如，气氛包含1％至10％的H2，露点为-40℃至-60℃。
有利地，在步骤C)中，第二层包含大于50％，更优选大于75％的锌，并且有利地大于90％的锌。第二层可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何沉积方法来沉积。其可以通过热浸涂覆、通过真空沉积或通过电镀锌来完成。
例如，基于锌的涂层包含0.01％至8.0％的Al，任选地0.2％至8.0％的Mg，剩余部分为Zn。
优选地，基于锌的涂层通过热浸镀锌来沉积。在该实施方案中，熔浴还可能包含不可避免的杂质和来自进给锭料或来自钢板通过熔浴的残留元素。例如，任选的杂质选自Sr、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi，每种另外元素按重量计的含量低于0.3重量％。来自进给锭料或来自钢板通过熔浴的残留元素可以为含量多至5.0重量％，优选3.0重量％的铁。
在一个优选实施方案中，第二层由锌组成。当涂层通过热浸镀锌来沉积时，浴中Al的百分比为0.15重量％至0.40重量％。此外，存在于第一涂层中的铁与铝反应以形成抑制层Fe2Al5，并因此提供热浸镀锌期间的反应性润湿行为。
利用根据本发明的方法，获得了这样的钢板：其涂覆有包含铁和镍的扩散合金层，这样的层被基于锌的层直接覆盖。认为扩散合金层起到如同LME的阻挡层的作用，并改善了涂层粘附性。
优选地，钢板具有包含1％至50％的残余奥氏体、1％至60％的马氏体以及任选地选自贝氏体、铁素体、渗碳体和珠光体中的至少一种成分的显微组织。在这种情况下，马氏体可以是回火或未回火的。
在一个优选实施方案中，钢板具有包含5％至25％的残余奥氏体的显微组织。
优选地，钢板具有包含1％至60％，并且更优选10％至60％的回火马氏体的显微组织。
有利地，钢板具有包含10％至40％的贝氏体的显微组织，这样的贝氏体包含10％至20％的下贝氏体、0％至15％的上贝氏体和0％至5％的无碳化物贝氏体。
优选地，钢板具有包含1％至25％的铁素体的显微组织。
优选地，钢板具有包含1％至15％的未回火马氏体的显微组织。
在制造钢板之后，为了制造车辆的某些部件，已知通过对两个金属板进行焊接来进行组装。因此，在至少两个金属板的焊接期间形成点焊接头，所述焊点是至少两个金属板之间的连接。
为了制造根据本发明的点焊接头，在有效强度(effective intensity)为3kA至15kA并且施加在电极上的力为150daN至850daN(其中所述电极的活性面直径为4mm至10mm)的情况下进行焊接。
因此，获得了包括根据本发明的涂覆钢板的至少两个金属板的点焊接头，这样的所述接头包含少于3个尺寸大于100μm的裂纹，并且其中最长裂纹的长度小于500μm。
优选地，第二金属板为钢板或铝板。更优选地，第二金属板为根据本发明的钢板。
在另一个实施方案中，点焊接头包括第三金属板，所述第三金属板为钢板或铝板。例如，第三金属板为根据本发明的钢板。
根据本发明的钢板或点焊接头可以用于制造机动车辆用部件。
现在将在仅为了提供信息而进行的试验中说明本发明。它们是非限制性的。
实施例
对于所有样品，按重量百分比计，所使用的钢板具有以下组成：C＝0.37％，Mn＝1.9重量％，Si＝1.9重量％，Cr＝0.35重量％，Al＝0.05重量％和Mo＝0.1重量％。
通过沉积包含45％的Fe、余量为Ni的第一涂层来制备试验1和2。然后，在露点为-45℃的包含5％的H2和95％的N2的气氛中进行连续退火。将预涂覆的钢板在900℃的温度下加热。最后，通过热浸镀锌沉积锌涂层，锌浴包含0.2％的Al。浴温为460℃。
为了比较的目的，在上述钢板的连续退火之后通过电镀锌沉积锌涂层来制备试验3。
评估试验1至3的耐LME性。为此，对于每个试验，通过电阻点焊将两个涂覆钢板焊接在一起。电极类型为直径为16mm的ISO B型；电极的力为5kN，以及水的流量为1.5g/分钟。焊接周期报告于表1中。
表1.焊接工艺
| 焊接时间 | 脉冲 | 脉冲(周波) | 冷却时间(周波) | 保持时间(周波) |
| 周期 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 10 |
然后使用光学和SEM(扫描电子显微术)评估大于100μm的裂纹数目，如表2所报告的。
表2.点焊之后LME裂纹详情(2层堆叠条件)
*：根据本发明。
与试验3相比，根据本发明的试验显示出优异的耐LME性。
然后，对于每个试验，通过电阻点焊将三个涂覆钢板以三层堆叠构造焊接在一起。然后使用光学和SEM(扫描电子显微术)评估大于100μm的裂纹数目，如表3所报告的。
表3.点焊之后LME裂纹详情(3层堆叠条件)
| 试验 | 每个焊点的裂纹(>100μm)数目 | 最大裂纹长度(μm) |
| 试验1 | 1 | 250 |
| 试验2* | 1 | 450 |
| 试验3 | 7 | 850 |
*：根据本发明。
与试验3相比，根据本发明的试验显示出优异的耐LME性。
最后，接着将试验1和2以90°角度弯曲。然后施加粘合带并除去，以检验基材钢的涂层粘附性。那些试验的涂层粘附性优异。
Claims (30)
1.一种用于制造涂覆钢板的方法，包括以下步骤：
A.提供涂覆有包含铁和镍的第一涂层的预涂覆钢板，
B.在600℃至1000℃的温度下对这样的预涂覆钢板进行热处理，
C.用基于锌的第二涂层对步骤B)中获得的钢板进行涂覆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层包含10重量％至75重量％的铁。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层包含25重量％至65重量％的铁。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层包含40重量％至60重量％的铁。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层包含25重量％至90重量％的镍。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层包含35重量％至75重量％的镍。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层包含40重量％至60重量％的镍。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层由铁和镍组成。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层的厚度等于或大于0.5μm。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层的厚度为0.8μm至5.0μm。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述第一涂层的厚度为1.0μm至2.0μm。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤A)中，所述钢板的组成包含：
0.10<C<0.40％，
1.5<Mn<3.0％，
0.7<Si<2.0％，
0.05<Al<1.0％
0.75<(Si+Al)<3.0％
以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素：
Nb≤0.5％，
B≤0.005％，
Cr≤1.0％，
Mo≤0.50％，
Ni≤1.0％
Ti≤0.5％，
所述组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质构成。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，所述第二层包含大于50％的锌。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，所述第二层包含大于75％的锌。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，所述第二层包含大于90％的锌。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，所述第二层由锌组成。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，所述热处理为连续退火。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，所述热处理在露点为-10℃至-60℃的包含1％至30％的H2的气氛中进行。
19.一种能够由根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法获得的钢板，所述钢板涂覆有包含铁和镍的扩散合金层，这样的层被基于锌的层直接覆盖。
20.根据权利要求19所述的钢板，其中钢的显微组织包含1％至50％的残余奥氏体，1％至60％的马氏体，以及任选地选自贝氏体、铁素体、渗碳体和珠光体中的至少一种成分。
21.根据权利要求20所述的钢板，其中所述显微组织包含5％至25％的残余奥氏体。
22.根据权利要求20或21所述的钢板，其中所述显微组织包含1％至60％的回火马氏体。
23.根据权利要求20至22中任一项所述的钢板，其中所述显微组织包含10％至40％的贝氏体。
24.根据权利要求20至23中任一项所述的钢板，其中所述显微组织包含1％至25％的铁素体。
25.根据权利要求20至24中任一项所述的钢板，其中所述显微组织包含1％至15％的未回火马氏体。
26.一种至少两个金属板的点焊接头，所述至少两个金属板至少包括根据权利要求19至25中任一项所述的钢板、或者能够由根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法获得的钢板，所述接头包含少于3个尺寸大于100μm的裂纹，并且其中最长裂纹的长度小于500μm。
27.根据权利要求26所述的点焊接头，其中第二金属板为钢板或铝板。
28.根据权利要求27所述的点焊接头，其中所述第二金属板为根据权利要求19至25中任一项所述的钢板、或者能够由根据权利要求1至18所述的方法获得的钢板。
29.根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的点焊接头，包括第三金属板，所述第三金属板为钢板或铝板。
30.根据权利要求19至25中任一项所述的涂覆钢板或根据权利要求26至29中任一项所述的点焊接头用于制造机动车辆的部件的用途。
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| KR101207767B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-12-03 | 주식회사 포스코 | 도금성이 우수한 고망간 고알루미늄 용융아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
| US20140370330A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-12-18 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Hot-dip plated high-strength steel sheet for presswork excellent in low-temperature toughness and corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2015011510A1 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-01-29 | Arcelormittal Investigación Y Desarrollo Sl | Spot welded joint using high strength and high forming and its production method |
| KR101585721B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-21 | 2016-01-14 | 주식회사 포스코 | 용접성이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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- 2018-10-19 CN CN201880069067.7A patent/CN111263829B/zh active Active
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| US6143430A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-11-07 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Surface-treated steel sheet for fuel containers having excellent corrosion resistance, formability and weldability |
| KR20120041544A (ko) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-05-02 | 주식회사 포스코 | 도금성, 도금밀착성 및 스폿용접성이 우수한 용융아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
| CN103328676A (zh) * | 2010-10-21 | 2013-09-25 | Posco公司 | 具有优异涂布性、涂层附着性和点焊性的镀锌钢板及其制备方法 |
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| WO2017105064A1 (ko) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | 표면품질 및 점 용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2742644C1 (ru) | 2021-02-09 |
| MX2020004295A (es) | 2022-06-23 |
| CN111263829B (zh) | 2022-12-09 |
| HUE056715T2 (hu) | 2022-03-28 |
| BR112020006092A2 (pt) | 2020-09-29 |
| ES2902384T3 (es) | 2022-03-28 |
| JP7394921B2 (ja) | 2023-12-08 |
| PL3701056T3 (pl) | 2022-03-07 |
| MA50451A (fr) | 2020-09-02 |
| ZA202001535B (en) | 2021-10-27 |
| JP2022130469A (ja) | 2022-09-06 |
| UA126594C2 (uk) | 2022-11-02 |
| BR112020006092B1 (pt) | 2023-12-26 |
| JP2021500474A (ja) | 2021-01-07 |
| KR20200051809A (ko) | 2020-05-13 |
| KR102246746B1 (ko) | 2021-04-30 |
| WO2018115947A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| MA50451B1 (fr) | 2021-12-31 |
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