CN111253386A - 一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针检测技术领域,具体涉及一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
荧光探针是建立在分子识别和荧光技术两者有机结合的基础上,通过受体对特定客体选择性结合,用荧光信号表达分子结合信息,实现在分子水平上的原位实时检测。因此,荧光探针在分子识别中倍受研究者们的青睐。
Cu2+作为一种重要的过渡金属元素,其含量的高与低可能会直接或间接的损害生物体系。迄今为止,检测Cu2+的荧光探针层出不穷,可还是存在选择性差、灵敏度低等缺陷。因此,建立一种高选择性、高灵敏度和易合成的识别Cu2+的荧光探针将具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术存在的不足,提供了一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用,可以用于微量Cu2+离子的检测,该荧光探针试剂不仅易于合成,且该检测方法选择性高、灵敏度高。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针,其分子式为C27H23N5O3S,具体化学结构式如下:
其名称为:(E)-N'-((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)-7-(二乙基氨基)-2-氧代-2H-色烯-3-甲酰肼,简称为CBS;
分子量:497.57;
其熔点大于272.1℃,即其分解温度大于272.1℃;
其溶解性:易溶于二氯甲烷、乙腈、四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜等多种有机溶剂;
光谱性质:在甲醇溶液中最大紫外吸收波长445nm,荧光发射波长485nm。
一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)以((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼为原料,以绝对乙醇为溶剂,氩气为保护气,回流2~12h,有黄色沉淀析出,降至室温,过滤,滤饼用冰乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体;
2)将所述步骤1)制备的黄色固体以二氯甲烷和甲醇为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,得亮黄色固体CBS。
所述((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼的摩尔比为1.0~1.2:1。
所述原料7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼的初始浓度为8~16mg/mL。
所述洗脱剂中二氯甲烷和甲醇的体积比为=150:1~100:1。
技术线路如下:
所述((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓是根据文献“Su H,Wu C,Zhu J,et al.Rigid Mn(II)chelate as efficient MRI contrast agent for vascularimaging[J].Dalton Transactions,2012,41(48);Join B,K,Ziebart C,etal.Selective Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols[J].Advanced Synthesis&Catalysis,2011,353(16):3023-3030”,以二氨基苯硫酚、吡啶-2,6-二羧酸为原料合成。
所述化合物7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼作为碳源,形成具有强配位能力的希夫碱键,所述化合物7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼作是根据文献“Qin J,Yang Z,Wang G,etal.FRET-based rhodamine–coumarin conjugate as a Fe3+ selective ratiometricfluorescent sensor in aqueous media[J].Tetrahedron letters,2015,56(35):5024-5029”合成。
一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针的应用,所述(E)-N'-((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)-7-(二乙基氨基)-2-氧代-2H-色烯-3-甲酰肼作为荧光探针在检测Cu2+离子方面的应用,应用方法为:
以Cu2+离子的浓度为横坐标,探针CBS溶液的荧光强度为纵坐标作图,建立Cu2+离子溶液浓度梯度变化与探针CBS溶液荧光强度变化值的标准线,应用时根据荧光强度从图中读出待测溶液中的Cu2+离子的浓度。
香豆素衍生物是自然界中广泛存在的一类重要天然杂环化合物。该类化合物除具有独特生物活性外,还具有优异的光学特性,其基本结构苯并吡喃是没有荧光的无色物质,如果在7位上引入给电子基团,3或4位上引入吸电子基团后,形成推-拉电子体系,便得到强荧光物质。香豆素类荧光化合物具有荧光量子产率高、Stokes位移大、光稳定性好等诸多优点。苯并噻唑分子是噻唑和苯环稠合,具有良好的光热稳定性,是一个缺电子基团,具有一定的吸电子能力,同时具有较大的共轭刚性平面,存在离域大π键,因此其荧光量子产率高,具有优异的光学性能。苯并噻唑类化合物中的硫、氮原子对金属离子有很好的配位能力,含苯并噻唑基团的荧光探针对于金属离子有优异的光学响应。
CBS的结构表征如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3-d,400MHz,TMS):δ(ppm)12.15(s,1H),8.85(s,1H),8.40(s,1H),8.36(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.34(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.90(t,J=8Hz,1H),7.53-7.41(m,3H),6.68(dd,J1=8.8Hz,J2=2.4Hz,1H),6.53(d,J=2Hz,1H),3.48(q,J=7.2Hz,4H),1.26(t,J=7.2Hz,6H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3-d,100MHz,TMS):δ(ppm):169.1,162.7,160.2,157.9,154.3,153.4,153.1,151.1,149.4,148.0,137.4,136.2,131.5,126.3,125.7,123.6,122.6,122.0,121.1,110.4,108.6,108.6,96.6,45.2,12.4.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd forC27H24N5O3S[(M+H)+]:498.1602,found 498.1596;C27H23N5NaO3S[(M+Na)+]:520.1419,found520.1420.C27H23KN5O3S:536.1158,found 536.1164。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果。
一、本发明采用化合物7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼作为碳源,形成具有强配位能力的希夫碱键,与((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓反应,合成化合物(E)-N'-((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)-7-(二乙基氨基)-2-氧代-2H-色烯-3-甲酰肼,该化合物可作为一种高灵敏、高选择性的裸眼定量检测微量Cu2+的荧光探针,探针CBS对Cu2+的选择性识别不受其他离子的影响,络合常数为1.06×105M-1,检测限低至1.8μM,适用于酸性及中性条件。
二、本发明制备的荧光探针试剂易于合成,操作简便,方便Cu2+的识别。
附图说明
图1为本发明荧光探针的高分辨质谱图,横坐标为波长、纵坐标为吸光度。
图2为本发明荧光探针的核磁氢谱图,在甲醇/水=9:1的体系中,横坐标为波长、纵坐标为吸光度。
图3为本发明荧光探针的核磁碳谱图,在甲醇/水=9:1的体系中,横坐标为波长、纵坐标为荧光强度。
图4为本发明荧光探针对不同金属阳离子响应的紫外光谱曲线。
图5为本发明荧光探针对不同Cu2+浓度滴定的紫外光谱。
图6为本发明荧光探针对不同金属阳离子响应的荧光光谱图。
图7为本发明荧光探针的离子竞争实验。
图8为本发明荧光探针对不同Cu2+浓度滴定的荧光光谱曲线。
图9为本发明荧光探针对Cu2+的检测限直线。
图10为本发明荧光探针对Cu2+的络合常数直线。
图11为本发明荧光探针的Job′s Plot曲线。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
氩气保护下,在三口烧瓶中加入1mmol的((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和1mmol的7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼,然后加入18mL绝对乙醇,回流5h,有黄色沉淀析出,降至室温,过滤,滤饼用冰乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体。黄色固体以二氯甲烷和甲醇=150:1~100:1为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,得亮黄色固体422mg,产率85%。
实施例2
氩气保护下,在三口烧瓶中加入1.1mmol的((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和1mmol的7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼,然后加入25mL绝对乙醇,回流8h,有黄色沉淀析出,降至室温,过滤,滤饼用冰乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体。黄色固体以二氯甲烷和甲醇=150:1~100:1为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,得亮黄色固体450mg,产率90%。
实施例3
氩气保护下,在三口烧瓶中加入1.2mmol((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和1mmol7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼,然后加入30mL绝对乙醇,回流12h,有黄色沉淀析出,降至室温,过滤,滤饼用冰乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体。黄色固体以二氯甲烷和甲醇=150:1~100:1为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,得亮黄色固体465mg,产率94%。
实施例4
氩气保护下,在三口烧瓶中加入1.05mmol的((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和1mmol的7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼,然后加入20mL绝对乙醇,回流2h,有黄色沉淀析出,降至室温,过滤,滤饼用冰乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体。黄色固体以二氯甲烷和甲醇=150:1~100:1为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,得亮黄色固体。
实施例5
氩气保护下,在三口烧瓶中加入1.15mmol的((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和1mmol的7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼,然后加入23mL绝对乙醇,回流2h,有黄色沉淀析出,降至室温,过滤,滤饼用冰乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体。黄色固体以二氯甲烷和甲醇=150:1~100:1为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,得亮黄色固体。
图1荧光探针的高分辨质谱图中,在甲醇/水=9:1的体系中,紫外光谱吸光度对Cu2+的变化最为明显,而且溶液颜色由黄色变为橘红色,表明探针CBS对Cu2+有较强的裸眼识别能力。
图2荧光探针的核磁氢谱图中,Cu2+浓度依次为探针CBS浓度的0~8倍。图1表明,探针CBS吸光度随着Cu2+浓度的升高,呈明显下降趋势。分别在345nm、395nm和460nm处出现等浓度点,说明探针CBS和配合物CBS-Cu2+处于动态平衡。
图3荧光探针的核磁碳谱图中,相较于其他离子,探针CBS在加入Cu2+之后,荧光强度明显降低,强度几乎为0,淬灭率高至100%。
图4荧光探针对不同金属阳离子响应的紫外光谱曲线中,通过比较各溶液在同一发射波长(485nm)下的荧光强度,可以看出,探针CBS对Cu2+的选择性识别不受其他离子的影响。
图5荧光探针对不同Cu2+浓度滴定的紫外光谱中,随着Cu2+浓度的增加,探针CBS荧光强度逐渐降低,当Cu2+增加的浓度达到12倍时,荧光强度几乎为0,淬灭率达到100%。这也说明探针CBS对Cu2+具有较高的敏感度。
图6荧光探针对不同金属阳离子响应的荧光光谱图中,在Cu2+浓度为0.1~1.0倍范围内,探针CBS的荧光强度与Cu2+浓度呈现很好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=-281.10×X+815.23,R2=0.99295。表明在上述浓度范围内,探针能够对Cu2+浓度做很好的定量检测。根据方程可得斜率m=-281.10×105,同时我们利用线性关系和检测限计算公式LOD=3σ/m计算得出探针CBS的最低检测限1.8μM,表明探针CBS的灵敏度比较高。
图7荧光探针的离子竞争实验中,得拟合线性方程Y=1.8×10-3×X+1.9×10-3,R2=0.98811,根据络合常数计算公式可得络合常数为K=1.06×105M-1。这说明探针CBS与Cu2 +形成了具有较好稳定性的配合物。
图8荧光探针对不同Cu2+浓度滴定的荧光光谱曲线中,通过实验进行了Job曲线的测定,总浓度不变的情况下,随着Cu2+浓度比的增加,485nm下探针CBS的荧光强度在逐渐降低,当Cu2+的浓度为0.51倍时,曲线出现拐点,说明探针和Cu2+离子的配位比是1:1。
上述实施方式仅示例性说明本发明的原理及其效果,而非用于限制本发明。对于熟悉此技术的人皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改进。因此,凡举所述技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (6)
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述((6-(苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)氧鎓和7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼的摩尔比为1.0~1.2:1。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料7-二乙氨基香豆素-3-甲酰肼的初始浓度为8~16mg/mL。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种裸眼识别Cu2+的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述洗脱剂中二氯甲烷和甲醇的体积比为=150:1~100:1。
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