CN108863984B - 用于检测Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+的硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针及制备方法 - Google Patents
用于检测Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+的硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及化合物领域,公开了一种硫氮杂冠醚‑芴希夫碱荧光分子探针,其是以POCl3与10‑苯基‑1,4‑二氧‑7,13‑二硫‑10‑氮杂冠醚来制得4‑硫氮杂冠醚苯甲醛,而后以4‑硫氮杂冠醚苯甲醛与2‑氨基芴为反应原料,利用芳香醛和氨基间的亲核加成消除反应来制得。该荧光分子探针对Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+均表现出显著的识别性能,选择性好,灵敏度高,具有显著的应用价值,且其制备方法具有合成工艺简单,原料成本低,易于实施,产率高等优点,适合工业化实施,为本硫氮杂冠醚‑芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的推广应用创造了有利条件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物制备技术领域,具体涉及一种对特定金属离子具有识别性能的希夫碱类化合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+等金属离子与医学、生命科学、环境科学、化学化工甚至工农生产都有紧密的联系,对这些金属离子的识别、检测、定性分析具有重要意义。在现有技术中,采用荧光分子探针检测金属离子具有实时检测、低检测阈值、高灵敏度和易于操作等特点,是非常行之有效的方法。目前,在荧光分子探针的构筑过程中,受体一般选择含较强配位能力的N、O、S等原子的基团作为待测离子结合位点,通过特定的连接方式与荧光信号基团连接,将对离子的微观识别信息转换为易于测试的光谱学信号,得到具有特定检测性能的荧光分子探针,基于这一制备原理,数以万计的荧光分子探针已被制备并得到了广泛的应用。但是,现有的这种荧光分子探针的制备方式大都存在工艺步骤复杂,产率低,制备成本高等技术不足,难以满足日益增长的市场需求。与此同时,现有的金属离子荧光分子探针基于自身性能限制,大都仅针对某一特定的金属离子呈现灵敏的识别功能,功能较为单一,应用局限较大。
易于合成的亚胺希夫碱(-C=N-)基团具有较强的离子配位能力,将其引入荧光分子探针中可增加探针分子与待测离子间的络合性和选择性;-C=N-基团与荧光团连接后的p-π共轭作用可增加荧光分子的共轭性;且当-C=N-基团中氮原子与离子配位后,可导致荧光分子共轭度的变化,使其表现出灵敏的荧光增强或双通道光谱变化。因此,在荧光分子探针的制备过程中,亚胺希夫碱(-C=N-)基团作为信号基团与离子受体之间的连接基团,可使其呈现出优良的检测性能[Jia-Sheng Wu, Wei-Min Liu, Peng-Fei Wang, ete. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 33-36]。
10-苯基-1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫-10-氮杂-15-冠-5(硫氮杂冠醚)作为一种含多个较强配位能力的大环分子,对金属离子具有较好的络合能力,是一类优良的离子受体。陈玉婷等制备的硫氮杂冠醚-卟啉化合物Ag+、Pb2+及Cu2+具有多重的识别性能[Yuting Chen,Kaili Wang, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.,2013,12, 2001-2007]。
芴作为一种多环芳烃,是一种重要的有机合成中间体,已被广泛用于制药、染料、合成杀虫剂、除草剂、消毒剂等,但其作为荧光信号基团在荧光检测领域应用较少,特别是硫氮杂冠醚修饰的芴荧光分子探针从没报道过。
发明内容
本发明的技术目的在于提供一种对Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+均具有稳定识别性能,灵敏度高,选择性好,且成本低廉的硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针。
本发明的另一技术目的在于提供一种以2-氨基芴和4-硫氮杂冠醚苯甲醛为反应原料,利用芳香醛和氨基间的亲核加成消除反应获取前述硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针化合物的制备方法,该制备方法具有工艺简单,易于实施,产率高等优势。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种可用于检测Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+的硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针,其分子结构为:
一种硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛的制备
在N2保护条件下,取新蒸无水无氧的DMF作为溶剂,冷却至0℃,缓慢滴入αmmol的POCl3,在冰浴条件下搅拌30 min,加入βmmol的10-苯基-1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫-10-氮杂冠醚,在80℃条件下搅拌3h,冷却至室温,得到棕色粘稠物,将此粘稠物导入冰水中,用5M的NaOH溶液中和至pH7,静止溶液,得到白色固体,用硅胶色谱分离,展开剂使用CH3Cl/MeOH(v:v = 10:1),得4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛;α: β为1.2:0.92;
2)硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的制备
在N2保护条件下,将γmmol的4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛和δmmol的2-氨基芴放入容器中,加入无水甲醇进行溶解,并加入εmmol冰醋酸,将反应混合液升温至回流,反应4~20小时,将反应得到的黄色悬浊液冷却至室温,依次经过滤、无水甲醇洗涤三次、真空干燥,得到硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针;γ:δ:ε为0.2:0.2:2。
在步骤2中,硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的合成反应式为:
本发明具有如下技术效果:本硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针对于多种金属离子如Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+均表现出显著的识别性能,选择性好,灵敏度高,具有显著的应用价值;而本发明提供的硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的制备方法,具有原料成本低,合成工艺简单,易于实施,产率高等优点,适合工业化实施,为本硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的推广应用创造了有利条件。
附图说明
图 1为实施例1-3所得化合物的核磁氢谱图。
图 2为实施例1-3所得化合物的质谱图。
图3 硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针在乙腈中加入不同金属离子存在下的紫外吸收光谱。
图4 硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针在乙腈中加入不同金属离子存在下的荧光发射光谱。
具体实施方式
本发明所公开的可用于检测Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+的硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针,其分子结构为:
其可采用2-氨基芴和4-硫氮杂冠醚苯甲醛为反应原料,利用芳香醛和氨基间的亲核加成消除反应来制得,合成反应式为:
实施例1
1)4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛的制备
在N2保护下,取10 mL新蒸的无水无氧的DMF作为溶剂,冷却至0 ℃,缓慢滴入1.2mmol 的POCl3,在冰浴条件下搅拌30 min,然后加入0.92 mmol的10-苯基-1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫-10-氮杂冠醚,将此混合物在80 ℃条件下搅拌3 h,停止反应,冷却至室温,得到棕色粘稠物;将此粘稠物导入冰水中,并用5 M的NaOH溶液中和至Ph7,静止溶液,得到白色固体;用硅胶色谱分离,展开剂用CH3Cl/MeOH (v:v = 10:1),得到白色粉末状目标产物4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛,呈白色粉末状,126 mg,产率为38.6%;
2)化合物A的制备
在N2保护条件下,将0.2 mmol的4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛和0.2 mmol的2-氨基芴放入装有氮气通口、球形冷凝管的50 mL双颈圆底烧瓶中,加入15 mL无水甲醇进行溶解,并加入2 mmol的冰醋酸,在磁力搅拌下,将反应混合液升温至回流,反应4小时,将反应得到的黄色悬浊液冷却至室温,依次经过滤、无水乙醇洗涤三次、真空干燥后得到硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针化合物,呈浅黄色粉末状,75mg,产率为72%。
实施例2
1)4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛的制备,如实施例1制备方法相同;
2)化合物B的制备
在N2保护条件下,将0.2 mmol的4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛和0.2 mmol的2-氨基芴放入装有氮气通口、球形冷凝管的50 mL双颈圆底烧瓶中,加入15 mL无水甲醇进行溶解,并加入2 mmol的冰醋酸,在磁力搅拌下,将反应混合液升温至回流,反应8小时,将反应得到的黄色悬浊液冷却至室温,依次经过滤、无水乙醇洗涤三次、真空干燥后得到硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针化合物,呈浅黄色粉末状,90mg,产率为87%。
实施例3
1)4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛的制备,如实施例1制备方法相同;
2)化合物C的制备
在N2保护条件下,将0.2 mmol的4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛和0.2 mmol的2-氨基芴放入装有氮气通口、球形冷凝管的50 mL双颈圆底烧瓶中,加入15 mL无水甲醇进行溶解,并加入2 mmol的冰醋酸,在磁力搅拌下,将反应混合液升温至回流,反应20小时,将反应得到的黄色悬浊液冷却至室温,依次经过滤、无水乙醇洗涤三次、真空干燥后得到硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针化合物,呈浅黄色粉末状,91mg,产率为88%。
对实施例1-3分别获得的化合物A、化合物B及化合物C进行分析测定,三者的核磁氢谱图一致,数据如下:在1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)中,包含1个-N=CH基质子信号峰: δ8.40 (d, 1H, -N=CH-H);11个苯环质子信号峰:7.79 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 7.55 (d, 1H, Ar-H ), 7.39 (t, 2H, Ar-H ), 7.29 (m, 2H, Ar-H ), 6.71 (d, 2H, Ar-H);2个芴基团上的CH2-质子信号峰:3.92 (s, 2H, Fluorenyl-CH2-H);20个硫氮杂冠醚环的CH2-质子信号峰:3.84 (t, 4H), 3.74 (t, 6H), 3.66 (2H overlapped), 2.95 (t, 4H), 2.79 (t,4H)。三者质谱图一致,化合物离子峰(m/e)为518。可确认化合物A、化合物B及化合物C的分子结构为:
实施例4
硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针对不同金属离子选择性的检测:
将硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针在乙腈中加入8倍摩尔量的不同金属离子,由紫外吸收光谱的变化可发现,加入Ba2+、Cd2+、Hg2+、K+、Mn2+、Na+、Ni2+、Zn2+等金属离子后,其在371 nm位置处最大吸收峰几乎没有吸收没有明显的变化;加入Cu2+后,其在371 nm附近吸收强度降低,在458 nm处出现一新的吸收峰;加入Mg2+后,371 nm位置吸收峰吸光度稍微降低,同时在460 nm位置处出现一新的吸收峰,但其吸收强度稍微低于371 nm处吸收峰强度;加入Fe3+后,硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子在371 nm位置吸收峰消失,同时在460 nm位置处出现一强吸收峰、360 nm和309 nm位置出现两个稍弱的吸收峰;这些数据表明硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子对Cu2+、Mg2+、Fe3+离子具有不同的紫外吸收谱学响应,对它们具有一定的选择性。
实施例5
硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针对不同金属离子荧光谱学响应的检测:
将硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子在乙腈中加入8倍摩尔量的不同金属离子,由荧光发射光谱的变化可发现,加入Ba2+、Cd2+、Hg2+、K+、Mn2+、Na+、Ni2+、Zn2+等金属离子后,其492nm位置附近的最大荧光发射光谱没有明显的变化;加入Cu2+后,其最大荧光发射由492 nm位置蓝移到450 nm位置附近,且荧光发射强度大大增强;加入Mg2+后,其在492最大荧光发射峰红移至512 nm位置,荧光发射峰强度稍微降低;加入Fe3+后,其492 nm处最大荧光发射峰红移至546 nm处,且荧光发射强度显著降低。这些数据表明硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针对Cu2+、Mg2+、Fe3+离子具有显著不同的荧光谱学响应,具有识别这三种金属离子的潜能。
Claims (2)
2.一种权利要求1所述硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:
1)4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛的制备
在N2保护条件下,取新蒸无水无氧的DMF作为溶剂,冷却至0℃,缓慢滴入αmmol的POCl3,在冰浴条件下搅拌30 min,加入βmmol的10-苯基-1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫-10-氮杂冠醚,在80℃条件下搅拌3h,冷却至室温,得到棕色粘稠物,将此粘稠物导入冰水中,用5M的NaOH溶液中和至pH7,静置 溶液,得到白色固体,用硅胶色谱分离,展开剂使用CH3Cl/MeOH (v:v =10:1),得4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛;α: β为1.2:0.92;
2)硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针的制备
在N2保护条件下,将γmmol的4-(1,4-二氧-7,13-二硫杂-10-氮杂-15-冠-5-10-基)苯甲醛和δmmol的2-氨基芴放入容器中,加入无水甲醇进行溶解,并加入εmmol冰醋酸,将反应混合液升温至回流,反应4~20小时,将反应得到的黄色悬浊液冷却至室温,依次经过滤、无水甲醇洗涤三次、真空干燥,得到硫氮杂冠醚-芴希夫碱荧光分子探针;γ:δ:ε为0.2:0.2:2。
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