CN111250100B - 一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111250100B
CN111250100B CN202010116441.3A CN202010116441A CN111250100B CN 111250100 B CN111250100 B CN 111250100B CN 202010116441 A CN202010116441 A CN 202010116441A CN 111250100 B CN111250100 B CN 111250100B
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张新堂
张瑞宇
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Qingdao Zhengda Kaite New Material Technology Co ltd
Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂及其制备方法,属于脱氧催化剂技术领域。所述制备方法的具体步骤包括称取改性剂加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液加入到废旧催化剂中,充分的搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧催化剂中,完全浸渍后超声,超声后,室温静置,之后,进行干燥和恒温焙烧;将焙烧后的废旧催化剂粉碎,加入成型助剂,进行干燥和焙烧;将焙烧后的废旧催化剂,放入碳酸钾溶液中浸泡,浸泡后进行干燥和焙烧,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂。本发明的有益效果在于,本发明不仅实现了废旧资源的再利用,而且降低了脱氧催化剂的成本,且原料易得,制备方法简单。

Description

一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及脱氧催化剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
煤层气是指储存在煤层中以甲烷为主要成分、以吸附在煤基质颗粒表面为主、部分游离于煤孔隙中或溶解于煤层水中的烃类气体。我国煤层气资源丰富,居世界第三,可开采的煤层气约10万亿立方。每年采煤时排放出的煤层气约130亿立方以上,合理抽放可利用的约35亿立方,地面钻井开采的煤层气约50多亿立方,可利用的总煤层气约80亿立方以上,折合标煤约1000万吨以上。煤层气是煤的伴生矿产资源,属非常规天然气,是近一二十年在国际上崛起的洁净、优质能源和化工原料。热值是通用煤的2~5倍,1立方米纯煤层气的热值相当于1.13kg汽油、1.21kg标准煤,其热值与天然气相当,可以与天然气混输混用,而且燃烧后很洁净,几乎不产生任何废气,是上好的工业、化工、发电和居民生活燃料。但煤层气中空气含量较高,空气浓度达到5%~16%(氧气含量约为1~3.2%),遇明火就会爆炸,这是煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的根源。因此开采出的煤层气首先应脱氧后使用。
合成气是以一氧化碳和氢气为主要组分,用作化工原料的一种原料气。合成气的原料范围很广,可由煤或焦炭等固体燃料气化产生,也可由天然气和石脑油等轻质烃类制取,还可由重油经部分氧化法生产。合成气的原料范围极广,生产方法甚多,用途不一,组成(体积%)有很大差别:H2 32~67、CO 10~57、CO2 2~28、CH4 0.1~14、N2 0.6~23。有的合成气还含有微量氧(0.01~1%),氧的存在严重影响了合成气应用,因此必须进行脱氧。并且由于煤层气和合成气中含有微量的硫,因此,研制开发高效的,经济的耐硫变换脱氧催化剂是必不可少的。
现有的耐硫变换脱氧催化剂多为钴(镍)钼系的催化剂,钴(镍)钼催化剂有着突出的耐硫性能,适于应用于合成气的催化。目前,我们国家的钴(镍)钼催化剂的消耗量巨大,因此也产生出大量的废旧钴(镍)钼催化剂,这些废旧的钴(镍)钼催化剂大部分被作为垃圾而直接的处理掉,这样会对生态环境产生极大的破坏,不利于环境保护。而且,废旧的钴(镍)钼催化剂中存在大量的贵金属,直接丢弃将造成极大的资源浪费。如果能将这些废旧钴(镍)钼回收利用再次制备成催化剂,则可以变废为宝,减少资源浪费,并且可以降低环境的污染。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种原料易得,制备工艺简单的高效经济型脱氧催化剂及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取改性剂加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到废旧催化剂中,充分的搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧催化剂中,完全浸渍后超声,之后,室温静置,进行干燥和恒温焙烧;
(3)将焙烧后的废旧催化剂粉碎,加入成型助剂,进行干燥和焙烧;
(4)将焙烧后的废旧催化剂,放入碳酸钾溶液中浸泡,浸泡后进行干燥和焙烧,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧变换催化剂。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述改性剂为尿素,柠檬酸,柠檬酸铵中的一种或几种的混合;所述改性剂质量:去离子水用量为12-131g:75ml。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述废旧催化剂为废旧钴钼催化剂,镍钼催化剂中的一种;按照质量比计,所述改性剂:所述废旧催化剂为12-131:300。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述超声的时间为5~30min;所述室温静置的时间为1~20h;所述干燥的温度为室温~160℃;所述干燥的时间为2~10h;所述焙烧的温度为450~580℃;所述焙烧的时间为1~6h。
优选地,所述成型助剂为田箐粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲酸、硝酸中的一种;所述干燥的温度为室温~160℃;所述干燥的时间为2~10h;所述焙烧的温度为450~580℃;所述焙烧的时间为1~6h。
优选地,步骤(4)中,所述碳酸钾溶液的浓度为10~45%;所述浸泡的时间为1~10h;所述干燥的温度为室温~160℃;所述干燥的时间为2~10h;所述焙烧的温度为450~580h;所述焙烧的时间为1~6h。
此外,本发明提供了一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂,所述合成气耐硫脱氧催化剂由所述制备方法制备得到。
优选地,所述催化剂的活性组分为钴钼或镍钼;所述活性组分以氧化物形式存在于催化剂中;所述活性组分在所述催化剂中的质量百分比为1~25%。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明方法在实现废旧钴(镍)钼回收利用的同时,制备出来与工业脱氧催化剂催化能力相当的合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂,不仅实现了废旧资源的再利用,而且降低了脱氧催化剂的成本,且原料易得,制备方法简单。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点,下面通过具体实施方式,对本方案进行阐述。
实施例1
(1)称取12.0克尿素、38.4柠檬酸、68.6克柠檬酸铵,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声15min,在室温静置10h,然后置于100℃条件下,干燥4h,之后置于560℃的条件下恒温焙烧3h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入田箐粉之后,100℃干燥5小时,560℃焙烧3h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入25%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡5小时,然后取出室温干燥10小时,之后,560℃焙烧3h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂A。
实施例2
(1)称取12.0克尿素、38.4柠檬酸,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入羧甲基纤维素钠成型之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入10%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂B。
实施例3
(1)称取12.0克尿素、68.6克柠檬酸铵,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声30min,在室温静置20h,然后置于160℃条件下,干燥2h,之后置于580℃的条件下恒温焙烧1h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入甲酸之后,160℃干燥2小时,580℃焙烧1h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入45%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡1小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,580℃焙烧1h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂C。
实施例4
(1)称取12.0g尿素,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入甲酸之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入10%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂D。
实施例5
(1)称取38.4g柠檬酸,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入硝酸成型之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入10%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂E。
实施例6
(1)称取24g尿素,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入羧甲基纤维素钠之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入10%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂F。
实施例7
(1)称取24g尿素,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入田箐粉成型之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入35%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂G。
实施例8
(1)称取24g尿素,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入田箐粉成型之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入10%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂H。
实施例9
(1)称取68.6g柠檬酸铵,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入田箐粉成型之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入25%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂I。
实施例10
(1)称取12.0克尿素、38.4柠檬酸、68.6克柠檬酸铵,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的镍钼催化剂中,超声15min,在室温静置10h,然后置于100℃条件下,干燥4h,之后置于560℃的条件下恒温焙烧3h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入田箐粉成型之后,100℃干燥5小时,560℃焙烧3h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入25%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡5小时,然后取出室温干燥10小时,之后,560℃焙烧3h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂J。
对比例
合成气耐硫变换脱氧工业催化剂
实验方法
针对实施例1~10所得到的10种催化剂A~J进行脱氧活性评价试验,试验在连续固定床催化反应器上进行,评价条件如下:
催化剂的脱氧活性以氧的脱氧率表示:
原料气体积组成:CO 45.3%CO2 0.0%H2 54.1%O2 0.3%H2S0.3%。
表1催化剂化学组成质量百分含量
表3催化剂脱氧活性测定试验结果
从表2能够看出,本发明采用工业废旧钴(镍)催化剂所制备的合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂的脱氧活性与工业脱氧催化剂的脱氧活性相当,说明使用本发明方法所制备得到的合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂在充分利用工业废旧钴(镍)的同时,大大降低了脱氧催化剂的成本,节约了资源。

Claims (2)

1.一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)称取24g尿素,加入适量75ml的去离子水中,搅拌制备混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液加入到300g废旧的钴催化剂中,充分搅拌均匀,使溶液完全浸渍到废旧的钴钼催化剂中,超声5min,在室温静置1h,然后置于室温条件下,干燥10h,之后置于450℃的条件下恒温焙烧6h;
(3)将上述焙烧废旧催化剂粉碎,加入田箐粉成型之后,室温干燥10小时,450℃焙烧6h;
(4)将上述焙烧催化剂,放入10%的碳酸钾溶液中浸泡10小时,然后取出160℃干燥2小时,之后,450℃焙烧6h,得到合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂。
2.一种合成气耐硫变换脱氧催化剂,其特征在于,所述合成气耐硫脱氧催化剂由权利要求1所述的制备方法制备得到。
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