CN111249528B - 一种基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨及其制备方法,所述的组织工程骨为具有三维毛细血管网的间充质干细胞支架,该支架是由聚离子化合物PIC材料经三维打印而成的三维网格,在三维网格间层层交替填充有包裹间充质干细胞并掺入基质胶的甲基丙烯酸酯明胶和包裹血管内皮细胞并掺入基质胶的甲基丙烯酸酯明胶。本发明在诱导间充质干细胞形成生物骨组织的同时,可促进其内毛细血管网的形成,最终于体外形成具有三维毛细血管网的生物骨组织支架。该支架材料具有优异的韧性和回弹性,植入体内后,使材料保持张力状态下固定于骨缺损处,从而在使用植入物修复缺损的同时达到牵张自体骨成骨的效果,提高骨缺损修复效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组织工程骨及其制备方法,具体涉及一种通过三维打印技术获得复层细胞网格构成的组织工程骨及其制备方法,属于组织工程领域。
背景技术
由于先天畸形、外伤、肿瘤等造成的骨组织缺损和缺失是临床常见的疾病,因此对骨组织缺损的功能性重建修复一直是再生医学的重要课题。传统的治疗方法常采用自体或异体骨移植,但往往因供源有限或免疫排斥反应等而限制了其临床应用。组织工程技术是目前人工骨替代材料中应用最为广泛的一种。通过制备含有细胞的水凝胶支架是目前一个有效的方法。水凝胶由于其良好的生物相容性等特性而被用于制作细胞支架来修复骨缺损,但是传统的水凝胶由于其机械性能差、吸水膨胀、易降解等特点而限制了其使用,因此寻找一种新型的机械性能良好、不易降解、生物相容性好的水凝胶材料来构建修复骨缺损的生物细胞支架具有重要意义。
聚离子化合物(PIC)作为一种新型材料,具有其独特的优势,其通过聚合反应形成牢固的离子键从而获得优异的机械强度,而且可以在水下通过三维打印技术挤压成型。通过三维打印技术获得理想形态的支架,在支架网格上分层培养多种细胞后形成细胞支架,由于新型材料对细胞毒性低,因此在保证机械强度的同时细胞能够很好的在三维环境中铺展、生长、分化。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨及其制备方法,该方法可通过三维打印技术得到有良好机械性能的组织工程骨。
上述目的通过以下的技术方案来实现:
一种基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨,为具有三维毛细血管网的间充质干细胞支架,所述的支架为由聚离子化合物PIC材料经三维打印而成的三维网格,在三维网格间层层交替填充有两种含细胞的载体水凝胶,其中一种为混有间充质干细胞的载体水凝胶,另一种为混有血管内皮细胞的载体水凝胶;所述的载体水凝胶为体积分数为1%~50%的Matrigel和取代度为1~10M、质量体积分数为2.5%~10%的GelMA这两种水凝胶以体积比为1:1~1:10比例混合而成的新型复合水凝胶。这种新型复合水凝胶能够模拟细胞在体内生长的细胞外基质环境,有利于细胞的增殖、黏附和铺展,能够最大程度的为细胞生长提供一个仿生的外环境。
上述组织工程骨的制备方法,包括如下:
1)采用挤压式三维打印技术,打印聚离子化合物PIC材料获得三维网格支架,在其部分注入混有间充质干细胞的载体水凝胶,并在支架结构的另一部分注入混有血管内皮细胞的载体水凝胶,构建出骨缺损修复所需的高强度生物支架;
2)对步骤1)所构建的包含血管内皮细胞的三维间充质干细胞支架进行成骨及成血管相关细胞因子诱导,于体外构建具有三维毛细血管网状结构的组织工程骨。
步骤1)所述的支架制作过程主要为:在无菌条件下利用三维打印系统将聚离子化合物(PIC)打印材料通过挤压成型形成纤维网格,如:纤维直径为180nm-300nm,纤维间的间隔为200-500nm。
所述打印材料由PIC和NaCl溶液构成,PIC中PNaSS/PMPTC电荷比为0.95:1~1.2:1,优选1.1:1;打印材料中PIC质量与NaCl溶液体积之比(wPIC/VNaCl)为1/10~1/20g/L,优选1/15g/L;
打印时,优选的挤出压力为206.8~379.2kPa;喷头移动速度为8~12mm/s;喷头内径为0.2-0.3mm;加热温度为20~65℃。
所述间充质干细胞可为胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化、诱导多能干细胞定向分化、骨髓、脂肪组织、外周血、胎儿血液、肝脏等来源,优选胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化来源;细胞定植密度可选择1*104~9*106个/ml,优选4*106个/ml;培养时间为1~7天,优选3天。
所述血管内皮细胞可为胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化、诱导多能干细胞定向分化,骨髓、外周血、脐带血等来源,优选胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化来源;细胞定植密度可选择1*104~9*106个/cm2,优选4*106个/cm2。
上述方法具体如下:
1)制备聚离子化合物PIC材料
将对苯乙烯磺酸钠、3-(甲基丙烯酰基氨基)丙基三甲基氯化铵分别加入2-酮戊二酸,经紫外光照射后,分别制备获得1mol/L的阴离子前体水溶液和阳离子前体水溶液;
将阴离子前体水溶液和阳离子前体水溶液加入乙醇中分别进行沉淀,将沉淀物在烘箱中干燥,获得重均分子量为1x106g/mol、多分散性为3.4的PNaSS透明颗粒和重均分子量为4x103g/mol、多分散性为1.5的PMPTC透明颗粒;
将上述两种透明颗粒分别溶解在去离子水中制备成0.095-0.125mol/L溶液,将两种溶液等体积滴入去离子水中,搅拌,将沉淀物放置于烘箱中干燥,获得粉末;
将上述粉末和浓度为2~5mol/L的氯化钠溶液按10g:25mL的比例加入离心管中,保持90℃加热24h,获得均一的高度粘稠的PIC溶液;用转速为18R的冷冻离心机,14000rpm离心15min去除气泡。
2)打印PIC网格
在培养皿中加入培养基,通过三维打印系统在培养皿中打印单层PIC网格,单根纤维直径为180nm-300nm,纤维间隔为200-500nm,打印完成以后吸去原有培养基,加入新的培养基;
3)构建间充质干细胞网格层
取间充质干细胞,以1×104~9×106个/ml的密度与载体水凝胶混匀后,注入经2)打印的PIC网格上;
4)构建血管内皮细胞网格层
取血管内皮细胞,以1×104~9×106个/ml的密度与载体水凝胶混匀后,注入PIC网格内且填充于间充质干细胞层的上方;
之后加入由干细胞用增殖培养基和血管内皮细胞培养基以体积比为1:1~1:10的比例混合而成的混合培养基,培养1~7天,再在混合培养基中添加成骨分化诱导因子及成血管细胞诱导因子在37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养4~14天,得到由双层细胞网格构成的组织工程骨;
5)构建多层复杂结构的组织工程骨
在已有PIC网格的基础上重复以上2)、3)、4)步骤,直至形成具有2~8层间充质干细胞网格的支架为止,培养得到由复层细胞网格构成的组织工程骨;
所述细胞诱导因子可为促成骨分化及促血管形成相关因子,优选抗坏血酸、β-甘油磷酸钠、地塞米松、血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子等。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明通过三维打印方法制备人骨髓间充质干细胞支架,能够更好的在体外模拟微环境下的细胞生长和分化,相较于现有的细胞片技术,实现了从二维的仿生到三维的仿生的进步。
2.本发明的支架可在培养基中打印成形,防止或减少细胞脱离培养基造成的损害,更好的保持了细胞的活性。
3.本发明采用的新型支架材料具有良好的机械性能(优异的韧性和回弹性),植入体内后,使材料保持张力状态下固定于骨缺损处,从而达到在使用植入物修复缺损的同时达到牵张自体骨成骨的效果,提高骨缺损修复效果。
4.本发明的组织工程骨不仅能够为骨损伤部位提供修复所必需的细胞和牢固的支架结构,同时仿生构建了毛细血管网状结构,相较于目前的许多水凝胶仿生组织工程骨具有更高的强度、更大程度上仿生了自体骨的结构、并且具有牵张成骨的作用。本发明于体外形成了具有三维血管网状结构的新型组织工程骨,对骨缺损的修复及其早期血管化具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为打印细胞支架的示意图;
图2为PIC复层细胞支架的侧视示意图;
图3为整个PIC复层细胞支架的构建流程图;
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明做进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实现方式并不局限于此。
实施例1
1.网格支架的制备
(1)打印材料的制备
将对苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaSS,阴离子单体)、3-(甲基丙烯酰基氨基)丙基三甲基氯化铵(MPTC,阳离子单体)分别加入0.05mol%的2-酮戊二酸(光引发剂),在365nm波长,7.5mW/cm2的紫外光下照射8小时,分别制备出1mol/L的阴离子前体水溶液和阳离子前体水溶液。然后将其加入乙醇中沉淀,将沉淀物在烘箱中干燥。获得重均分子量为4x103g/mol、多分散性为1.5的PMPTC透明颗粒和重均分子量为1x106g/mol、多分散性为3.4的PNaSS透明颗粒。将两种聚合物透明颗粒分别溶解在去离子水中制备成0.095-0.125mol/L溶液,将两种溶液等体积的缓慢滴入的250mL去离子水中,用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min,将沉淀物放置在110℃烘箱中干燥,获得粉末。将10g粉末和25mL浓度为2-5mol/L的氯化钠溶液加入离心管中,保持90℃加热24h,获得均一的高度粘稠的PIC溶液。然后用转速为18R的冷冻离心机,14000rpm离心15min去除气泡。
(2)打印PIC网格
在培养皿中加入相应培养基,通过三维打印系统在培养皿中打印单层PIC网格,单根纤维直径为180nm-300nm,纤维间隔为200-500nm,打印完成以后吸去原有培养基,加入新的培养基。
2.人骨髓间充质干细胞的获取和附着
(1)人骨髓间充质干细胞的分离、培养与鉴定
征得年轻植骨患者同意,髂骨取骨,用注射器吸取10ml骨髓液,注射器内含稀释的肝素钠2500U/ml约0.5ml,将细胞悬液贴壁缓慢注入到预置有等体积密度为1.077kg/L的人淋巴细胞分离液的试管内,使两者间形成清晰的界面。以2500r/min离心20min,吸取中间的乳白色云雾状单核细胞层,PBS漂洗,1500r/min离心10min,弃上清,加入含10%小牛血清的人骨髓间充质干细胞专用培养液(江苏赛扬生物)10ml,制成单细胞悬液,以适当密度接种于底面积为25cm2培养瓶内,置入37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养,4天后后首次半量换液,将未贴壁的细胞全部弃掉,以后每2~3天全量换液一次。待细胞汇合成单层后,以0.25%胰蛋白酶(含0.02%EDTA)消化,即得到原代骨髓间充质干细胞悬液。待细胞融合达80%以上,按1∶3或1∶4传代培养,取第3代生长达80%融合的贴壁细胞,用胰蛋白酶消化,计数后取2×106个细胞,分装6管,每管加入10μl荧光标记抗体CD45-FITC、CD34-PE、CD73-PE、CD105-FITC、CD166-PE,另设1管为空白对照,室温避光30min,用PBS反复洗2-3次,加入200μl PBS混匀细胞,并以1%多聚甲醛固定,4℃保存,24h内上流式细胞仪检测,正常人骨髓间充质干细胞高表达CD73、CD105及CD166,CD34及CD45则呈阴性。
(2)培养间充质干细胞网格
取间充质干细胞,以1×104~9×106个/ml的密度与载体水凝胶(添加了浓度为1%~50%的Matrigel的取代度为1~10M、浓度为2.5%~10%的GelMA)混匀后,注入三维支架结构的中下部分,加入相应培养基,置于37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养2~48h
3.复合细胞网格支架的构建
(1)人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的分离、培养与鉴定
无菌获取新生儿脐带,立即用生理盐水冲洗血迹,剪去钳痕和血肿部位,找出脐静脉(2根管腔较小的是脐动脉,1根管腔较粗的是脐静脉),用带平针头的注射器从一段插入脐静脉,用血管钳固定,再用PBS液冲净脐静脉内血迹,为防止脐动脉残留的血液混入,可将动脉分离少许用消毒线结扎,用血管钳钳夹另一端,从冲洗的针头中注入0.1%的胶原酶液使其充盈,放入37℃水浴锅内孵育15min。取出脐带松开血管钳释放酶细胞混合液于离心管中,再用PBS液冲洗脐静脉后一并收集于离心管中,1000r/min,离心5min,弃上清,加DMEM培养液(含10%胎牛血清,L-谷氨酰胺2mmol/L,青霉素100U/ml,链霉素100mg/ml,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子10ng/ml,血管内皮生长因子20ng/ml),置于37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养,24h后首次换液,以后每2~3天换液一次。待细胞融合达80%以上,按1∶3或1∶4传代培养,取第3代生长达80%融合的贴壁细胞,用0.25%胰蛋白酶(含0.02%EDTA)消化,经PBS清洗数次后,加入20μl荧光标记抗体CD31-PE,另设空白对照,室温避光30min后行流式细胞仪鉴定,正常人脐静脉血管内皮细胞高表达CD31。
(2)人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的附着
将附着有间充质干细胞的网格支架转移至常规细胞培养皿中,加入干细胞专用培养基(含10%胎牛血清,L-谷氨酰胺2mmol/L,青霉素100U/ml,链霉素100mg/ml,抗坏血酸100ug/ml、β-甘油磷酸钠10mM、地塞米松1uM),血管内皮细胞以1×104~9×106个/ml的密度与载体水凝胶(添加了浓度为1%~50%的Matrigel的取代度为1~10M、浓度为2.5%~10%的GelMA)混匀后,再注入培养在PIC网格的间充质干细胞层的上方,加入干细胞用增殖培养基和血管内皮细胞培养基以1:1~1:10的比例混合而成的混合培养基培养1~7天,然后再在混合培养基中添加成骨分化诱导因子及成血管细胞诱导因子在37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养4~14天,得到由双层细胞网格构成的组织工程骨。随后,重复上述步骤依次再打印一层人脐静脉血管内皮细胞及人间充质干细胞网格支架,即得多层含有以人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的人间充质干细胞网格支架,图1为打印细胞支架的示意图,图2则为PIC复层细胞支架的侧视示意图,图3为整个PIC复层细胞支架的构建流程图,图中a:消化离心获得血管内皮细胞后与载体水凝胶混匀;b:将含血管内皮细胞后的载体水凝胶注入PIC支架下半部分;c:消化离心获得间充质干细胞后与载体水凝胶混匀;d:将含间充质干细胞后的载体水凝胶注入PIC支架上半部分;e:构建完成PIC复层细胞支架。于上述培养基中额外添加10ng/ml碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及20ng/ml血管内皮生长因子,体外培养7天后即得具有血管网状结构的新型组织工程骨。
实施例2
1.网格支架的制备
(1)打印材料的制备
将对苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaSS,阴离子单体)、3-(甲基丙烯酰基氨基)丙基三甲基氯化铵(MPTC,阳离子单体)分别加入0.05mol%的2-酮戊二酸(光引发剂),在365nm波长,7.5mW/cm2的紫外光下照射8小时,分别制备出1mol/L的阴离子前体水溶液和阳离子前体水溶液。然后将其加入乙醇中沉淀,将沉淀物在烘箱中干燥。获得重均分子量为4x103g/mol、多分散性为1.5的PMPTC透明颗粒和重均分子量为1x106g/mol、多分散性为3.4的PNaSS透明颗粒。将两种聚合物透明颗粒分别溶解在去离子水中制备成0.095-0.125mol/L溶液,将两种溶液等体积的缓慢滴入的250mL去离子水中,用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min,将沉淀物放置在110℃烘箱中干燥,获得粉末。将10g粉末和25mL浓度为2-5mol/L的氯化钠溶液加入离心管中,保持90℃加热24h,获得均一的高度粘稠的PIC溶液。然后用转速为18R的冷冻离心机,14000rpm离心15min去除气泡。
(2)打印PIC网格
在培养皿中加入相应培养基,通过三维打印系统在培养皿中打印单层PIC网格,单根纤维直径为180nm-300nm,纤维间隔为200-500nm,打印完成以后吸去原有培养基,加入新的培养基。
2.人骨髓间充质干细胞的获取和附着
(1)同源人间充质干细胞的诱导、分离及纯化
将人胚胎干细胞定植培养于失活鼠成纤维细胞饲养层之上,加DMEM/F12培养液(含20%血清替代物,1mM L-谷氨酰胺,1%非必需氨基酸,100mMβ-巯基乙醇,4ng/ml碱性成纤维细胞生长因子),待其周边出现呈碎屑状的自分化细胞团,取此零碎细胞片于含10%小牛血清的人骨髓间充质干细胞专用培养液(江苏赛扬生物)中培养数周,用包含胰酶、IV型胶原酶及中性蛋白酶的混合液解离、再培养,并通过流式细胞仪分选出CD45、CD34阴性,而SH2、SH3、SH4呈阳性的同源人间充质干细胞。(人胚胎干细胞受赠于新加坡国立大学)
(2)培养间充质干细胞网格
取间充质干细胞,以1×104~9×106个/ml的密度与载体水凝胶(添加了基质胶(Matrigel)的甲基丙烯酸酯明胶(GelMA))混匀后,注入三维支架结构的中下部分,加入相应培养基,置于37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养2~48h3.复合细胞网格支架的构建
(1)同源人血管内皮细胞的诱导、分离及纯化
将人胚胎干细胞定植培养于失活鼠成纤维细胞饲养层之上,加DMEM/F12培养液(含20%血清替代物,1mM L-谷氨酰胺,1%非必需氨基酸,100mMβ-巯基乙醇,4ng/ml碱性成纤维细胞生长因子),并通过20ng/ml BMP-4促分化作用2天后,形成拟胚体。随后,将其定植于基质胶表面,加DMEM培养液(含10%胎牛血清,L-谷氨酰胺2mmol/L,青霉素100U/ml,链霉素100mg/ml,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子5ng/ml,血管内皮生长因子10ng/ml)另促分化10余日后,以CD31为标志物筛选出人胚干细胞来源的血管内皮细胞。(人胚胎干细胞受赠于新加坡国立大学)
(2)人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的附着
将附着有间充质干细胞的网格支架转移至常规细胞培养皿中,加入干细胞专用培养基(含10%胎牛血清,L-谷氨酰胺2mmol/L,青霉素100U/ml,链霉素100mg/ml,抗坏血酸100ug/ml、β-甘油磷酸钠10mM、地塞米松1uM),置于37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养2h后,血管内皮细胞以1×104~9×106个/ml的密度与载体水凝胶(浓度为1%~50%的Matrigel与取代度为1M、浓度为2.5%~10%的GelMA混合,提高水凝胶支架内细胞的粘附铺展以及营养流通)混匀后注入PIC支架的中上部分,置于37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养2~48h,图一即为复层细胞支架的俯视示意图,图二则为相应细胞支架的侧视示意图。于上述培养基中额外添加10ng/ml碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及20ng/ml血管内皮生长因子,体外培养7天后即得具有血管网状结构的新型组织工程骨。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨,其特征在于所述的组织工程骨为具有三维毛细血管网的间充质干细胞支架,所述的支架为由聚离子化合物PIC材料经三维打印而成的三维网格,在三维网格间层层交替填充有两种含细胞的载体水凝胶,其中一种为混有间充质干细胞的载体水凝胶,另一种为混有血管内皮细胞的载体水凝胶;所述的载体水凝胶为体积分数为1%~50%的Matrigel和取代度为1~10M、质量体积分数为2.5%~10%的GelMA这两种水凝胶以体积比为1:1~1:10比例混合而成的新型复合水凝胶。
2.制备如权利要求1所述的基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)采用挤压式三维打印技术,打印聚离子化合物PIC材料获得三维网格支架,在支架内一部分注入混有间充质干细胞的载体水凝胶,另一部分注入混有血管内皮细胞的载体水凝胶;
2)对步骤1)所构建的包含血管内皮细胞的三维间充质干细胞支架进行成骨及成血管相关细胞因子诱导,于体外构建具有三维毛细血管网状结构的组织工程骨。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚离子化合物PIC材料是由PIC和NaCl溶液构成,PIC质量与NaCl溶液体积之比(wPIC/VNaCl)为1/10~1/20g/L,PIC中PNaSS/PMPTC电荷比为0.95:1~1.2:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚离子化合物PIC材料的制备方法如下:
将对苯乙烯磺酸钠、3-(甲基丙烯酰基氨基)丙基三甲基氯化铵分别加入2-酮戊二酸,经紫外光照射后,分别制备获得1mol/L的阴离子前体水溶液和阳离子前体水溶液;
将阴离子前体水溶液和阳离子前体水溶液加入乙醇中分别进行沉淀,将沉淀物在烘箱中干燥,获得重均分子量为1×106g/mol、多分散性为3.4的PNaSS透明颗粒和重均分子量为4×103g/mol、多分散性为1.5的PMPTC透明颗粒;
将上述两种透明颗粒分别溶解在去离子水中制备成0.095-0.125mol/L溶液,将两种溶液等体积滴入去离子水中,搅拌,将沉淀物放置于烘箱中干燥,获得粉末;
将上述粉末和浓度为2~5mol/L的氯化钠溶液按10g:25mL的比例加入离心管中,保持90℃加热24h,获得均一的高度粘稠的PIC溶液;用转速为18R的冷冻离心机,14000rpm离心15min去除气泡。
5.根据权利要求2所述的基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具体如下:
1)制备聚离子化合物PIC材料
2)打印PIC网格
在培养皿中加入培养基,通过三维打印系统在培养皿中打印单层PIC网格,单根纤维直径为180nm-300nm,纤维间隔为200-500nm,打印完成以后吸去原有培养基,加入新的培养基;
3)构建间充质干细胞网格层
取间充质干细胞,以1×104~9×106个/mL的密度与载体水凝胶混匀后,注入经2)打印的PIC网格上;
4)构建血管内皮细胞网格层
取血管内皮细胞,以1×104~9×106个/mL的密度与载体水凝胶混匀后,注入PIC网格内且填充于间充质干细胞层的上方;
之后加入由干细胞用增殖培养基和血管内皮细胞培养基以体积比为1:1~1:10的比例混合而成的混合培养基,培养1~7天,再在混合培养基中添加成骨分化诱导因子及成血管细胞诱导因子在37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养4~14天,得到由双层细胞网格构成的组织工程骨;
5)构建多层复杂结构的组织工程骨
在已有PIC网格的基础上重复以上2)、3)、4)步骤,直至形成具有2~8层间充质干细胞网格的支架为止,培养得到由复层细胞网格构成的组织工程骨;
上述方案中,所述的载体水凝胶为体积分数为1%~50%的Matrigel和取代度为1~10M、质量体积分数为2.5%~10%的GelMA这两种水凝胶以体积分数比为1:1~1:10比例混合而成的新型复合水凝胶。
6.根据权利要求2所述的基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的间充质干细胞的来源为胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化、诱导多能干细胞定向分化、骨髓、脂肪组织、外周血、胎儿血液或肝脏;血管内皮细胞的来源为胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化、诱导多能干细胞定向分化、骨髓、外周血或脐带血。
7.根据权利要求5所述的基于复层细胞网格的组织工程骨的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的成骨分化诱导因子为抗坏血酸、β-甘油磷酸钠和地塞米松中的一种或多种,所述的成血管细胞诱导因子为血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子中的一种或两种。
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