CN111248079B - A staged hydroponic forage cultivation device and cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a new water culture pasture cultivation method, which is characterized in that the environmental temperature is 25-26 ℃ during the cultivation period of the seed germination period, and no illumination is carried out; after germination, transferring to seedling growth and cultivation; the environmental temperature in the seedling growth period is 23-24 deg.C, the red and blue LED lamps with peak wavelength of 660nm and 440nm are used for illumination, the intensity ratio of red light and blue light is 7:3, and the total light intensity is 300 μmol · m ^‑2 ·s ^‑1 ～400μmol·m ^‑2 ·s ^‑1 The illumination period is 6 to 12 hours per day, and the culture period is 3 to 4 days; setting the environmental temperature at 21-22 deg.C during the growing period of grass, and illuminating with high-power red and blue LED lamps with wavelength of 660nm and 440nm at a ratio of 7:3 and total light intensity of 500 μmol/m ^‑2 ·s ^‑1 ～700μmol·m ^‑2 ·s ^‑1 The illumination period is 12-16 hours per day, and the culture period is 3-4 days. The invention establishes three growing environments with different temperatures, humidity, watering amount and illumination in one system, and is more beneficial to the efficient and rapid growth of pasture.

Description

A staged hydroponic forage cultivation device and cultivation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural engineering, and in particular relates to a stage-type hydroponic forage cultivation device and a cultivation method.

Background technique

The shortage of forage has seriously affected the development of animal husbandry, especially in alpine pastoral areas, where the summer and autumn seasons are very short, and the forage grass is seriously insufficient in the long winter and spring seasons. Generally rely on limited summer and autumn reserves of natural forage or residual hay in the wild for livestock to eat in winter and spring. In case of drought or winter snow, large-scale livestock disasters will occur. For cattle and sheep, during the winter lambing period, it is necessary to supplement fresh feed, especially fresh forage, for large and small cattle and sheep. At present, greenhouses are used to plant grass in winter, but the cycle is long, the output rate is low, and the cost is high. And the production location is fixed, which brings limitations to application and promotion.

Chinese invention patent (publication number CN105660351A, invention name: a hydroponic pasture system integration and hydroponic pasture system control device and application) discloses a hydroponic pasture system integration and hydroponic pasture system control device and application, the instruction and The claims do not record technical features such as integrated breeding, seedling raising and harvesting of finished products in the control device, and there are no shortcomings such as staged and individualized cultivation of forage grass in different growth environments, resulting in long cultivation time.

Publication No. CN103931472A Chinese Invention Patent and Publication No. CN102124938A Chinese Invention Patent respectively disclose a continuous production method for forage grass and a continuous production device for hydroponic pasture. In terms of production methods, from seed to germination to growth, they are all in the same growth environment, which does not conform to their own growth laws and is not conducive to increasing the output rate. In terms of production equipment, the structure is complicated, no implementable technical solution is provided, and it is not operable, which is not conducive to application and promotion.

The Chinese utility model patent with the publication number CN202799829U discloses a hydroponic pasture planting box, which has a simple structure and belongs to a single-box, single-layer cultivation method with low output rate, does not use large-scale production, and does not have staged individuality cultivation technology feature.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the current methods and devices for hydroponic pasture, the present invention provides a new hydroponic pasture cultivation method and a cultivation device for realizing the method, so as to make up for the deficiencies in the prior art.

The present invention at first provides a kind of hydroponic forage cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

1) Breeding during seed germination

The ambient temperature is 25°C to 26°C. Spray water on the seeds laid flat on the culture tray to keep the seeds moist all the time without light; after germination, transfer to seedling growth and cultivation;

Water spraying is preferably 6-8 times a day, 10-30 seconds each time;

2) Seedling growth period

The ambient temperature is 23°C-24°C, and the red and blue LED lights with peak wavelengths of 660nm and 440nm are used for illumination. The intensity ratio of red light and blue light is 7:3, the total light intensity is 300-400, and the light cycle is every day 6 to 12 hours, the cultivation period is 3 to 4 days and then transferred to grass growth;

The amount of water sprayed during the growth period of the seedlings is 3 to 5 times a day, 30 to 60 seconds each time;

3) Grass growth period

Set the ambient temperature at 21°C to 22°C, and also use high-power red and blue LED lights with wavelengths of 660nm and 440nm for illumination. The intensity ratio of red light and blue light is 7:3, and the total light intensity is 500-700. The light cycle is 12-16 hours per day, and the cultivation period is 3-4 days.

The amount of water sprayed during the growing period of the grass is 1-2 times a day, 60-90 seconds each time.

The present invention also provides a cultivation device suitable for the above cultivation method, comprising a seed germination box, a seedling growth box and a grass growth box; a heater, a heater, Water spray system and ventilation system; and red and blue LEDs are also installed in the seedling growth box and the grass growth box;

As preferably, the light intensity ratio of the red light and the blue light LED is 7:3; the power of the red light LED in the seedling growth box and the grass growth box is 50W, and the power of the blue light LED is 30W.

The heating system is preferably a ceramic heater;

The water spray system includes a water storage tank, a water pump, a water outlet pipe and a nozzle;

The ventilation system includes an inlet fan and an outlet fan;

The seed germination box, the seedling growth box and the grass growth box are equipped with a box door for entering and exiting;

Furthermore, the seed germination box and the seedling growth box; the seedling growth box and the grass growth box are separated by a pull-out stainless steel plate.

The culture system of the present invention also includes a culture rack and a culture tray.

The cultivation rack has pulleys;

The culture plate is made of stainless steel, and the bottom of the culture plate is provided with a strip drainage groove, so that the water sprayed on it can be discharged in time.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. Three growth environments with different temperature, humidity, watering amount and light are set up in one system, which is more conducive to the efficient and rapid growth of forage grass.

2. Three incubators with different growth environments are used synchronously and at different times to minimize the production cycle of finished pasture and improve production efficiency.

3. The ceramic heater is used, and its thermal radiation heating is used instead of the convective heating of the heat source by the fan of the traditional incubator, which is more conducive to maintaining the environmental humidity and the growth of pasture.

4. The culture rack adopts a mobile structure, which can be easily moved in different incubators while improving the efficiency of space use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the culture frame in the incubator of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the culture tray in the incubator of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Box body; 2. Seed germination box; 3. Seedling incubator; 4. Grass incubator; 5. Isolation sliding door; 6. Ceramic heater; 7. Spray head; 8. Water storage tank; 9. Water pump; 10. Water inlet pipe; 11. Drainage pipe; 12. LED light source; 13. Inlet fan; 14. Outlet fan; 15. Control panel; 16. Chamber door; 17. Cultivation frame; 18. Cultivation frame Pulley; 19, culture tray; 20, culture tray drainage groove.

detailed description

The implementation of the technical solutions of the present invention will be described more completely and in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The present invention at first provides a kind of cultivating device that is applicable to above-mentioned cultivating method, comprises seed germination box, seedling growth box and become grass growth box; In seed germination box, seedling growth box and becomes grass growth box, heater, Water spray system and ventilation system; and red and blue LEDs are also installed in the seedling growth box and the grass growth box;

The heating system is preferably a ceramic heater;

The water spray system includes a water storage tank, a water pump, a water outlet pipe and a nozzle;

The ventilation system includes an inlet fan and an outlet fan;

The seed germination box, the seedling growth box and the grass growth box are equipped with a box door for entering and exiting;

Furthermore, the seed germination box and the seedling growth box; the seedling growth box and the grass growth box are separated by a pull-out stainless steel plate.

Described heater, sprinkler system, ventilation system and red light and blue light LED operate through automatic control system.

The culture system of the present invention also includes a culture rack and a culture tray.

The cultivation frame is composed of five independent and movable frames, and the cultivation frame has pulleys;

The culture plate is made of stainless steel, and the bottom of the culture plate is provided with a strip drainage groove, so that the water sprayed on it can be discharged in time.

The cultivation method using the above-mentioned cultivation system comprises the following steps:

1) Breeding during seed germination

The ambient temperature is 25°C to 26°C. Spray water on the seeds laid flat on the culture tray to keep the seeds moist all the time without light; after germination, transfer to seedling growth and cultivation;

Water spraying is preferably 6-8 times a day, 10-30 seconds each time;

2) Seedling growth period

The ambient temperature is 23°C-24°C, and the red and blue LED lights with peak wavelengths of 660nm and 440nm are used for illumination. The intensity ratio of red light and blue light is 7:3, the total light intensity is 300-400, and the light cycle is every day 6 to 12 hours, the cultivation period is 3 to 4 days and then transferred to grass growth;

The amount of water sprayed during the growth period of the seedlings is 3 to 5 times a day, 30 to 60 seconds each time;

3) Grass growth period

Set the ambient temperature at 21°C to 22°C, and also use high-power red and blue LED lights with wavelengths of 660nm and 440nm for illumination. The intensity ratio of red light and blue light is 7:3, and the total light intensity is 500-700. The light cycle is 12-16 hours per day, and the cultivation period is 3-4 days.

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment 1: culture system

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, described incubator casing 1 is made of stainless steel plate, and is divided into 3 independent incubators, namely seed germination box 2, seedling incubator 3 and grass-forming incubator 4. Between the three incubators is a push-pull partition 5 made of stainless steel plate. When the partition 5 is pulled out, the culture rack 17 can be moved from one incubator to another. A ceramic heater 6 is installed in each incubator, which is respectively connected to a respective control system 15, and the ambient temperature in the incubator is kept at a set temperature value through a temperature sensor in the incubator. Each incubator has a set of water spray head 7 respectively, is supplied with water by water storage tank 8, and each incubator all has its own water pump 9 to be connected with shower head 7 by PVC water pipe 10, and water pump 9 is controlled by control system 15 Water spray time interval and spray water volume. A drainpipe 11 is installed at the bottom of the incubator for discharging the excess sewage that the culture tray 19 flows out. The LED light source 12 is installed in the seedling incubator 3 and the grass incubator 4, using high-power red and blue LEDs with peak wavelengths of 660nm and 440nm, and the intensity ratio of red light and blue light is 7:3. The total light intensity and light cycle of each incubator are controlled by the control system 15 respectively. Each incubator is all equipped with an air inlet fan 13 and an air outlet fan 14. When the temperature in the incubator exceeds the set value, when the heating of the ceramic heater 6 is stopped, the two fans are automatically started by the control system 15. While cooling down, the air in the box is also effectively circulated to replenish the carbon dioxide in the air in time. And when the temperature returns to the set value, both fans are automatically stopped. Three incubators all have chamber door 16, leave observation glass window on each door.

Control system 15 adopts MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer programming control to control illumination, heater, water spray system and ventilation system.

Example 2: Cultivating Plants

Take by weighing 2.5kg spring two-rowed barley (Hordeum distichum) as the herb provenance, after soaking and cleaning for 12 hours, put it into 5 culture trays 19 as shown in Figure 4 respectively, each culture tray 19 has The inclination angle of 10 ° has a 0.5 cm wide drainage groove 20 at the bottom of the dish, and the seed laying thickness is about 1 cm. 5 culture trays 19 that are filled with seeds are inserted among the five-layer culture rack 17 shown in Figure 3 respectively, and the culture rack 17 has 4 pulleys 18.

Push the cultivation frame 17 containing the seeds into the seed germination box 2, set the ambient temperature as 26° C., spray water 8 times per day, each time for 10 seconds, and the cultivation period is 3 days.

Three days later, the isolation door 5 is pulled open, and the forage cultivation frame 17 that has gone out of the seedlings in the seed germination box 2 is moved into the seedling cultivation box 3, and meanwhile, a batch of new seeds are repeatedly inserted in the seed germination box 2. The growth environment of the seedling incubator 3 is set as follows: the temperature is 24°C; the amount of water spray is 5 times a day, 30 seconds each time; the total light intensity is 300; the light cycle is 12 hours a day, and the cultivation period is 3 days.

After another three days, two isolation doors 5 are opened again, and the cultivation frame in the seedling cultivation box 3 is moved into the grass cultivation box 4. Meanwhile, the seedlings placed in the seed germination box 2 in the later stage are moved into the seedling cultivation box 3 among. Put a batch of new seeds again in the seed germination box 2. The growth environment of the grass-growing incubator 4 was set as follows: temperature 22°C; water spraying rate 2 times a day; each time 60 seconds; total light intensity 500; light cycle 16 hours a day, and a cultivation period of 3 days.

After the nine-day cultivation period, release the cultivation frame 17 from the grass cultivation box 4 to harvest pasture. Simultaneously, new seeds are inserted again in the seed germination box 2, and so on, and each incubator is used at a different time, so that the harvest cycle of the finished pasture is 3 days. If the traditional culture method is adopted, the harvest cycle of the finished forage is 9 days, and the same production and cultivation environment is used within 9 days, which cannot achieve the best staged growth environment and the optimal quality and yield of the finished forage.

Claims (4)

1. A water culture pasture cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) Firstly, the environmental temperature during the seed germination period is 25-26 ℃, and the seeds which are flatly laid in a culture tray are sprayed with water so as to keep the seeds wet all the time without illumination; after germination, transferring to seedling growth and cultivation;

2) The temperature of the culture environment entering the seedling growth period is 23-24 ℃, red and blue LED lamps with peak wavelengths of 660nm and 440nm are used for illumination, the intensity ratio of red light to blue light is 7:3, and the total light intensity is 300 mu mol.m ^-2 ·s ^-1 ～400μmol·m ^-2 ·s ^-1 The illumination period is 6 to 12 hours per day;

3) The set environment temperature of the cultivation entering the growing period of the grown grass is 21-22 ℃, and the utilization wave is utilizedThe high-power red and blue LED lamps with the lengths of 660nm and 440nm are illuminated, the intensity ratio of red light to blue light is 7:3, and the total light intensity is 500 mu mol.m ^-2 ·s ^-1 ～700μmol·m ^-2 ·s ^-1 The illumination period is 12 to 16 hours per day;

wherein, in the cultivation of the seed germination period, the water spraying is carried out 6 to 8 times per day for 10 to 30 seconds each time; the water spraying amount of the seedlings in the growth period is 3 to 5 times per day, and each time is 30 to 60 seconds; the water spraying amount is 1 to 2 times per day and 60 to 90 seconds each time in the growing period of the grass;

the stage type water culture pasture cultivation device comprises a seed germination box, a seedling growth box and a pasture growing box; a heating system, a water spraying system and an air exchange system are respectively arranged in the seed germination box, the seedling growth box and the grass growing box; and red light and blue light LEDs are also arranged in the seedling growth box and the grass-forming growth box;

the heating system is a ceramic heater; the water spraying system comprises a water storage tank, a water pump, a water outlet pipe and a spray head; the air exchange system comprises an air inlet fan and an air outlet fan;

the seed germination box, the seedling growth box and the grass forming growth box are provided with box doors for entering and exiting;

the seed germination box and the seedling growth box are separated from each other and the seedling growth box and the grass forming growth box are separated from each other through a pull-type stainless steel plate;

pushing the culture shelf containing the seeds into a seed germination box, wherein the culture period is 3 days; transferring the pasture grass culture rack with seedlings in the seed germination box into a seedling culture box for 3 days, and repeatedly placing a batch of new seeds in the seed germination box; transferring a culture frame in a seedling culture box into a grass forming culture box, wherein the culture period is 3 days, simultaneously transferring the seedlings placed in a seed germination box at the later stage into the seedling culture box, and placing a batch of new seeds in the seed germination box again; after nine days of culture period, pushing out the culture rack from the grass forming incubator, and harvesting the forage grass; meanwhile, new seeds are placed in the seed germination box again, the steps are repeated in a circulating mode, all the culture boxes are utilized in a staggered mode, the harvest period of finished pasture grass is 3 days, and the three culture boxes in different growth environments are synchronously used in a staggered mode.

2. The hydroponic pasture grass cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cultivation apparatus comprises a cultivation shelf and a cultivation tray.

3. The hydroponic pasture grass cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said cultivation rack is provided with pulleys.

4. The hydroponic pasture cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cultivation tray is made of stainless steel, and the bottom end of the cultivation tray is provided with a strip-shaped drainage groove.

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