CN111226733A - Sustainable management method of pine resin wood dual-purpose forest - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting the upslope surface of the pine tree, and extracting the resin according to the descending double-sided ditch method; ditch, install a grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the fat collection on the upslope surface; (2) select the downslope surface of the tree, and collect grease according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open the middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface , install the resin receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch, and complete the resin harvesting on the downslope surface of the tree; (3) Calculate the total resin harvesting area, cut down and sell the pine trees that have completed resin harvesting on both the upslope and downslope, and count the pine resin income and wood income The sum of the total output value, calculate the economic benefits. The method of the invention is suitable for medium and long-term resin harvesting of pine trees, and solves the problems of backward traditional resin harvesting technology, poor stand quality, slow growth of forest trees, low lipid yield per unit area, shortened harvesting life and low economic benefit.

Description

Sustainable management method of pine resin wood dual-purpose forest

【Technical field】

The invention belongs to the technical field of pine tree planting, and in particular relates to a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest.

【Background technique】

Masson pine grows rapidly and has a wide range of uses. It is an important local dominant tree species in southern my country. It supports the development of Guangxi's "papermaking and wood deep processing" industry of 100 billion yuan and the characteristic advantage of "turpentine industry". Guangxi is the central production area of Masson pine, with abundant genetic resources and remarkable results in genetic improvement. Guangxi is the most important producing area of rosin and rosin in the country. The output of rosin and rosin has ranked first in the country for many years. At the same time, rosin can provide important economic income in addition to wood, and is the most traditional source of bulk forest products for southern plantations. With the continuous improvement of the cultivation technology of pine plantations, the area of resin-harvesting stands has increased. Most of the resin-harvesting stands have an earlier age at the beginning of harvesting, and the diameter of the first cutting is smaller. In order to prolong the harvesting time to pursue the output of turpentine, the harvesting life of the existing turpentine raw material forest is short, and it is difficult to achieve the goal of sustainable forest utilization and sustainable development.

The traditional single-sided high-load grease mining method, the grease mining load rate is more than 60%, the harvesting height is 4-6m, and the climbing height is 2-4m, which has the problems of high risk factor and high cost. There is also a problem of long-term resin harvesting that seriously affects the growth of pine trees.

[Content of the invention]

The invention provides a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose forest of pine resin wood, so as to solve the problem of how to achieve a greater degree of resin extraction without affecting the growth of pine trees, realize a larger output value of the produced wood, and realize the sustainable utilization and sustainable use of the forest. development goals.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A sustainable management method for pine resin wood dual-purpose forest, comprising the following steps:

(1) Select the upslope surface of the pine tree, and collect resin according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open the middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and install the grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the resin collection on the upslope surface of the tree;

(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, and collect resin according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open a middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and install a grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the resin collection on the downslope surface of the tree. ;

(3) Calculate the total resin extraction area, cut down the pine trees that have completed resin extraction on the downslope in front of the trees, sell them, and calculate the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income to calculate economic benefits.

Preferably, the diameter at breast height of the pine tree in step (1) is more than 16cm.

Preferably, in the step (1), the specific lipid extraction parameters are carried out according to the area formula (1):

In the formula: S _upslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine upslope; _n represents the harvesting year, 1≤n≤8; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; _Dn represents the diameter at breast height of the nth harvesting year; △D represents The average growth of diameter at breast height; D _{n is} set as the first item of D ₁ , and the tolerance is an arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi ratio, which is taken as 3.14; γ is the fat collection load rate; L is the step value; d is the number of days for fat collection .

Preferably, in step (2), the downslope surface of the tree is selected and the tree is 1.9-2.1m high from the ground to extract the resin according to the descending double-sided groove and both sides of the resin.

Preferably, in the step (2), the specific lipid extraction parameters are carried out according to the area formula (2):

In the formula: S _downslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine downslope; n represents the year of harvesting, 9≤n≤16; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; _{Dn-1 represents} the diameter at breast height of the n-1th harvesting year ;△D represents the average annual increase in diameter at breast height; D _{n is} set as the first term as D ₁ , and the tolerance is the arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi, taking 3.14; γ is the fat extraction load rate; L is the step value; d is the The number of days for fat collection;

Preferably, the fat extraction load rate in steps (1) and (2) is 41-45%.

Preferably, in step (3), the formula for calculating the total fat extraction area is as follows:

S _total = S _uphill + S _downhill (3)

In the formula: S _total represents the total resin harvesting area of pine trees.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The invention is suitable for medium and long-term resin harvesting from pine trees, and solves the problems of backward traditional resin harvesting technology, poor stand quality, slow growth of forest trees, low resin yield per unit area, shortened harvesting life, low economic benefits and the like.

(2) The present invention effectively solves the problems of traditional high-load medium and long-term resin harvesting that seriously affects the growth of pine trees and requires scaffolding and climbing to extract resin, resulting in a high risk factor, resulting in personal safety and high costs. The method of the present invention can improve the Masson pine produces fat and wood to improve economic benefits.

【Description of drawings】

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram 1 of the descending double-sided ditch and both sides of the grease extraction method;

Fig. 2 is the structure schematic diagram 2 of the descending double-sided ditch two-sided grease extraction method;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of two sides of the pine resin mining on the upper slope and the lower slope.

【Detailed ways】

For better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are used to illustrate, these examples belong to the protection scope of the present invention, but do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention studies the fat harvesting technology, and selects the optimal process parameters such as the harvesting load rate and the step distance, so as to provide a theoretical and data basis for how to achieve greater economic benefits of fat production and wood production.

(1) The relationship between different cutting load rates and fat yield

A comparative test of 10-year-old masson pine with a diameter of 16cm (diameter at breast height 15.0cm-16.9cm) at different cutting load rates and fat yields was carried out in the wood storage yard of Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, with 35%, 40%, 45% % and 50% for a total of 4 load rate treatments. The fat harvesting analysis was carried out for 3 consecutive years, and the test results showed that: (1) In the first year of fat harvesting for the 16cm diameter class, there were significant differences in fat yield among different fat harvesting load rates. Compared with 35%, 40% and 45%, the fat yield of 50% fat loading rate was increased by 34.75%, 28.94% and 17.62% respectively; (2) In the second and third years of fat harvesting, in terms of fat yield, different The difference in fat production between the loading rates was significant. Among them, there was no significant difference in fat production between the two groups at 35% and 40% loading rate and between 45% and 50% loading rate, but there was a significant difference in fat production between groups. Fat mass was 25.36-41.23% lower than that of 35-40% loading; (3) in terms of DBH growth, the annual DBH growth of 50% fat harvesting loading rate and 35% loading rate were 0.54 cm and 1.24 cm, respectively, indicating that 10 Under the condition of 16cm diameter class per year, the load rate of grease extraction does not exceed 45%, which can take into account both pine resin and wood production.

(2) Cutting area formula

The traditional single-sided high-load grease mining method, the grease mining load rate is more than 60%, the harvesting height is 4-6m, and the climbing height is 2-4m, which has the problems of high risk factor and high cost. Long-term resin harvesting seriously affects the growth of pine trees, which is not conducive to the balanced development of resin production and timber production and the purpose of obtaining greater economic benefits. The invention studies the fat harvesting technology, selects the optimal process parameters such as cutting load rate and step distance, and adopts the "two-sided" fat harvesting method for fat harvesting. The formula for the specific fat extraction area is as follows:

In the formula: S _upslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine upslope; _n represents the harvesting year, 1≤n≤8; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; _Dn represents the diameter at breast height of the nth harvesting year; △D represents The average growth of diameter at breast height; D _{n is} set as the first item of D ₁ , and the tolerance is an arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi ratio, which is taken as 3.14; γ is the fat collection load rate; L is the step value; d is the number of days for fat collection .

In the formula: S _downslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine downslope; n represents the year of harvesting, 9≤n≤16; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; _{Dn-1 represents} the diameter at breast height of the n-1th harvesting year ;△D represents the average annual increase in diameter at breast height; D _{n is} set as the first term as D ₁ , and the tolerance is the arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi, taking 3.14; γ is the fat extraction load rate; L is the step value; d is the The number of days of liposuction.

S _total = S _uphill + S _downhill (3)

In the formula: S _total represents the total resin harvesting area of pine trees.

(3) The relationship between the cutting step distance and the fat yield of different side grooves

In the wood storage yard of Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, a comparative experiment of different cutting steps and fat yield of 10-year-old Pinus massoniana was carried out. The analysis of the experimental data of continuous fat harvesting for 2 years showed that: (1) there were slight differences in fat yield among the three harvesting step distances of 0.1 cm, 0.3 cm and 0.5 cm, but the difference did not reach a significant level; (2) three different Although there was no significant difference in the turpentine yield between the cutting steps, 0.3cm and 0.5cm significantly increased the consumption of cut surface, which had an adverse effect on the growth of diameter at breast height and wind resistance. 0.1cm is the best.

The method strictly controls the resin extraction load rate, retains a certain amount of bark to transport nutrients, and realizes the healthy growth of pine trees, thereby achieving greater economic benefits of resin production and wood production, and effectively solving the problem that traditional high-load medium and long-term resin extraction seriously affects pine trees. Growing, greatly reducing the output of wood, high-load medium and long-term fat harvesting requires scaffolding and climbing, which has a high risk factor, resulting in personal safety and high costs.

On the basis of the above optimized parameters, the present invention will be described below through more specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest includes the following steps:

(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 16.5cm in the wood storage yard of Dawu Branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and collect resin on both sides of the descending double-sided ditch from the ground to the height of 2m on the upslope of the tree. Fat harvesting method, single angle of 30 degrees, cutting ditch deep into xylem 0.3cm, step distance 0.1cm, 1 harvest per day; open middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cutting length 30cm, width 1.0cm, depth 0.5cm , Install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The fat collection load rate is 45%, the circumference of the cut surface is 23.3cm, and the fat collection has been continued for 8 years, and the upslope surface fat collection has been completed;

(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, leave 10cm and 12cm of nutrient belts away from the upslope cut surface, and use the descending double-sided ditch two-sided resin-collecting method to collect resin from the ground to the tree height of 2m, with a single angle of 30 degrees. , cut the ditch 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.1cm, and harvest every day; open the middle ditch in the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cut 30cm in length, 1.0cm in width, and 0.5cm in depth, and install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch , The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups, fixed by bamboo products, the fat collection load rate is 41%, the perimeter of the cut surface is 31.5cm, the fat collection has been continued for 8 years, and the downslope surface fat collection has been completed;

(3) Cut down and sell the pine trees that have been harvested for resin on the downslope in front of the tree, calculate the area of resin harvesting and the amount of resin produced according to formulas (1)-(3), and calculate the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income to calculate economic benefits. .

Example 2

As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest includes the following steps:

(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 16.7cm in the wood storage yard of the Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and harvest it on both sides of the descending double-sided ditch from the ground to the tree height of 1.9m on the upslope of the tree. Fat harvesting method, single angle of 30 degrees, cutting ditch deep into xylem 0.3cm, step distance 0.1cm, 1 harvest per day; open middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of cut surface, cut length 32cm, width 1.2cm, depth 0.5 cm, install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic film bags and fixed with wood products. The fat harvesting load rate is 44%. The circumference of the cut surface is 23.1 cm. fat;

(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, leave 11cm and 10cm nutrient belts respectively from the upslope cut surface, and extract the resin from the ground to the tree height of 1.9m according to the descending double-sided ditch and both sides of the resin, with a single angle of 30 The depth of the cutting groove is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.1cm, and the harvest is carried out every day; the middle groove is opened on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and the length of the cut is 32cm, the width is 1.2cm, and the depth is 0.5cm, and the fat is installed at the lower end of the middle groove. The container and the fat receiving container are made of plastic film bags and fixed with wood products. The fat harvesting load rate is 43%, and the perimeter of the cut surface is 33.3cm. The fat harvesting has been continued for 8 years, and the downslope surface fat harvesting has been completed;

(3) Cut down the pine trees that have been harvested for resin on the downslope in front of the tree, calculate the area of resin harvesting and the amount of resin produced according to formulas (1)-(3), and calculate the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income to calculate economic benefits.

Example 3

As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest includes the following steps:

(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 17.3cm in the wood storage yard of the Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and harvest from the ground to the height of 2.1m on both sides of the descending double-sided ditch on the upslope of the tree. Fat harvesting method, single angle of 30 degrees, cutting ditch deep into xylem 0.3cm, step distance 0.1cm, 1 harvest per day; open middle ditch in the longitudinal center line of cut surface, cut length 36cm, width 1.3cm, depth 0.5 cm, install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The fat harvesting load rate is 45%. The circumference of the cut surface is 24.4 cm. ;

(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, leave 12cm and 11cm of nutrient belts away from the upslope cut surface respectively, and use the descending double-sided ditch and both sides of the tree to harvest grease from the ground to the height of 2.1m, with a single angle of 30 The depth of the cutting groove is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.1cm, and the harvest is carried out on a daily basis; the middle groove is opened on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and the length of the cutting is 35cm, the width is 1.2cm, and the depth is 0.5cm, and the fat is installed at the lower end of the middle groove. The container and the fat-receiving container are made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The load rate of fat collection is 42%, the circumference of the cut surface is 33.4cm, and the fat collection has been continued for 8 years, and the downslope surface fat collection has been completed;

(3) Cut down the pine trees that have completed resin harvesting on the downslope in front of the tree, and sell them. Calculate the resin harvesting area and resin production according to formulas (1)-(3), and count the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income. Calculate economic benefits.

Comparative ratio

Adopt traditional high-load medium and long-term fat extraction method:

(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 16.6cm in the wood storage yard of the Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and collect the resin from the ground to the height of 2m according to the descending method, with a single angle of 30 degrees. The groove is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, with a step distance of 0.1cm, and harvested every day; open the middle groove on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cut 30cm long, 1.0cm wide, and 0.5cm deep, and install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle groove. The grease container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products, the load rate of grease collection is 60%, the circumference of the cut surface is 31.3cm, and the collection of grease is 8 years;

(2) Set up a wooden ladder of about 2m on the cutting surface, choose a place from the ground to the height of the tree 4m, and use the descending method to collect resin, with a single angle of 30 degrees. 1 harvest per day; open a middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cut 30cm long, 1.0cm wide, and 0.5cm deep, install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The fat load rate was 65%, the perimeter of the cut surface was 42cm, and the fat was harvested for 8 years;

(3) Cut down the pine trees that have completed resin extraction, count the total output value of the sum of the pine resin income and the wood income, and calculate the economic benefits.

The economic benefits per mu of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are counted, as shown in Table 1.

experimental project Pine resin income (ten thousand yuan) Timber income (ten thousand yuan) Total income (ten thousand yuan) Example 1 1.298 1.439 2.737 Example 2 1.269 1.472 2.741 Example 3 1.443 1.572 3.015 Comparative ratio 1.503 0.810 2.313

It can be seen from the above table that the total income is increased by 18.33%, 18.50% and 30.35% respectively by using the methods of Examples 1-3. In addition, using the methods of Examples 1-3 does not require scaffolding and climbing for fat collection, which not only reduces the risk factor, improves the personal safety of forest farmers, but also significantly improves the efficiency of fat collection.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a pine resin wood dual-purpose forest sustainable management method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Select the upslope surface of the pine tree, and collect grease according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open a middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and install a grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the upslope surface grease collection; (2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, and collect grease according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open a middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and install a grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the downslope surface resin collection; (3) Calculate the total resin extraction area, cut down and sell the pine trees that have completed resin extraction on the downslope in front of the tree, count the total output value of the sum of the pine resin income and the wood income, and calculate the economic benefits. 2 . The sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest according to claim 1 , wherein the diameter at breast height of the pine tree described in the step (1) is more than 16 cm. 3 . 3. pine resin wood dual-purpose forest sustainable management method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), concrete lipid-harvesting parameter is carried out by area formula (1):

In the formula: S _upslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine upslope; _n represents the harvesting year, 1≤n≤8; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; _Dn represents the diameter at breast height of the nth harvesting year; △D represents The average growth of diameter at breast height; D _{n is} set as the first item of D ₁ , and the tolerance is an arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi ratio, which is taken as 3.14; γ is the fat collection load rate; L is the step value; d is the number of days for fat collection . 4. sustainable management method of pine resin wood dual-purpose forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), select the downslope surface of tree and from ground to tree height 1.9-2.1m place by descending double Lipid extraction from both sides of the lateral groove. 5. the sustainable management method of pine resin wood dual-purpose forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), concrete fat-harvesting parameter is carried out by area formula (2):

In the formula: S _downslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine downslope; n represents the year of harvesting, 9≤n≤16; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; _{Dn-1 represents} the diameter at breast height of the n-1th harvesting year ;△D represents the average annual increase in diameter at breast height; D _{n is} set as the first term as D ₁ , and the tolerance is the arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi, taking 3.14; γ is the fat extraction load rate; L is the step value; d is the The number of days of liposuction. 6 . The method for sustainable management of pine resin wood dual-purpose forests according to claim 1 , wherein the fat harvesting load rate in steps (1) and (2) is 41-45%. 7 . 7. pine resin wood dual-purpose forest sustainable management method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), calculate the total fat harvesting area formula as follows: S _total = S _uphill + S _downhill (3) In the formula: S _total represents the total resin harvesting area of pine trees.

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