CN111226733A - Sustainable management method of pine resin wood dual-purpose forest - Google Patents
Sustainable management method of pine resin wood dual-purpose forest Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007443 liposuction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000011609 Pinus massoniana Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 5
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法,包括以下步骤:(1)选择松树的上坡面,按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,完成上坡面采脂;(2)选择树的下坡面,按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,完成树的下坡面采脂;(3)计算总的采脂面积,把完成上坡和下坡两面采脂的松树砍伐销售,统计松脂收入和木材收入之和的总产值,计算经济效益。本发明的方法适用于松树的中长期采脂,解决了传统采脂技术落后,林分质量差,林木生长缓慢,单位面积产脂量低,采割寿命缩短,经济效益低下等问题。
The invention discloses a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting the upslope surface of the pine tree, and extracting the resin according to the descending double-sided ditch method; ditch, install a grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the fat collection on the upslope surface; (2) select the downslope surface of the tree, and collect grease according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open the middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface , install the resin receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch, and complete the resin harvesting on the downslope surface of the tree; (3) Calculate the total resin harvesting area, cut down and sell the pine trees that have completed resin harvesting on both the upslope and downslope, and count the pine resin income and wood income The sum of the total output value, calculate the economic benefits. The method of the invention is suitable for medium and long-term resin harvesting of pine trees, and solves the problems of backward traditional resin harvesting technology, poor stand quality, slow growth of forest trees, low lipid yield per unit area, shortened harvesting life and low economic benefit.
Description
【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明属于松树种植技术领域,具体涉及一种松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of pine tree planting, and in particular relates to a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
马尾松生长迅速、用途广泛,是我国南方重要的乡土优势树种,支撑着是广西“造纸与木材深加工”千亿元产业和特色优势“松脂产业”的发展。广西是马尾松的中心产区,遗传资源丰富,遗传改良成效显著。广西是全国松脂和松香的最重要产地,松脂和松香产量多年稳居全国首位,同时,松脂可以提供除木材之外重要的经济收入,是南方人工林最具传统优势的大宗林产品来源。随着松树人工林培育技术不断提高,可采脂林分面积增加,大部分采脂林分的始采树龄提早,始割径阶越小,且偏面追求松脂采割面的大小和增加采脂次数,以延长采脂时间来追求松脂产量,使现有的松脂原料林采割寿命短,难以实现森林永续利用、可持续发展的目标。Masson pine grows rapidly and has a wide range of uses. It is an important local dominant tree species in southern my country. It supports the development of Guangxi's "papermaking and wood deep processing" industry of 100 billion yuan and the characteristic advantage of "turpentine industry". Guangxi is the central production area of Masson pine, with abundant genetic resources and remarkable results in genetic improvement. Guangxi is the most important producing area of rosin and rosin in the country. The output of rosin and rosin has ranked first in the country for many years. At the same time, rosin can provide important economic income in addition to wood, and is the most traditional source of bulk forest products for southern plantations. With the continuous improvement of the cultivation technology of pine plantations, the area of resin-harvesting stands has increased. Most of the resin-harvesting stands have an earlier age at the beginning of harvesting, and the diameter of the first cutting is smaller. In order to prolong the harvesting time to pursue the output of turpentine, the harvesting life of the existing turpentine raw material forest is short, and it is difficult to achieve the goal of sustainable forest utilization and sustainable development.
传统单面高负荷搭架采脂法,采脂负荷率60%以上,采割高度4-6m,需搭架攀爬高度2-4m,存在危险系数高,成本大的问题,另外高负荷中长期采脂还存在着严重影响松树生长的问题。The traditional single-sided high-load grease mining method, the grease mining load rate is more than 60%, the harvesting height is 4-6m, and the climbing height is 2-4m, which has the problems of high risk factor and high cost. There is also a problem of long-term resin harvesting that seriously affects the growth of pine trees.
【发明内容】[Content of the invention]
本发明提供一种松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法,以解决如何实现较大程度采脂下,不影响松树的生长,实现产材的较大化产值,实现森林永续利用、可持续发展目标的问题。The invention provides a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose forest of pine resin wood, so as to solve the problem of how to achieve a greater degree of resin extraction without affecting the growth of pine trees, realize a larger output value of the produced wood, and realize the sustainable utilization and sustainable use of the forest. development goals.
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法,包括以下步骤:A sustainable management method for pine resin wood dual-purpose forest, comprising the following steps:
(1)选择松树上坡面,按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,完成树的上坡面采脂;(1) Select the upslope surface of the pine tree, and collect resin according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open the middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and install the grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the resin collection on the upslope surface of the tree;
(2)选择树的下坡面,按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,完成树的下坡面采脂;(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, and collect resin according to the descending double-sided ditch method; open a middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and install a grease receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch to complete the resin collection on the downslope surface of the tree. ;
(3)计算总的采脂面积,把完成树前下坡面采脂的松树砍伐,进行卖掉,统计松脂收入和木材收入之和的总产值,计算经济效益。(3) Calculate the total resin extraction area, cut down the pine trees that have completed resin extraction on the downslope in front of the trees, sell them, and calculate the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income to calculate economic benefits.
优选地,步骤(1)中所述松树的胸径在16cm以上。Preferably, the diameter at breast height of the pine tree in step (1) is more than 16cm.
优选地,步骤(1)中具体采脂参数按面积公式(1)进行:Preferably, in the step (1), the specific lipid extraction parameters are carried out according to the area formula (1):
式中:S上坡表示松树上坡面的采脂面积;n表示采割的年度,1≤n≤8;D1表示起采胸径;Dn表示第n采割年的胸径;△D表示年胸径平均增长量;Dn设为首项为D1,公差为△D的等差数列;π为圆周率,取3.14;γ为采脂负荷率;L为步距值;d为采脂的天数。In the formula: S upslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine upslope; n represents the harvesting year, 1≤n≤8; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; Dn represents the diameter at breast height of the nth harvesting year; △D represents The average growth of diameter at breast height; D n is set as the first item of D 1 , and the tolerance is an arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi ratio, which is taken as 3.14; γ is the fat collection load rate; L is the step value; d is the number of days for fat collection .
优选地,步骤(2)中选择树的下坡面且离地面到树高1.9-2.1m处按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂。Preferably, in step (2), the downslope surface of the tree is selected and the tree is 1.9-2.1m high from the ground to extract the resin according to the descending double-sided groove and both sides of the resin.
优选地,步骤(2)中具体采脂参数按面积公式(2)进行:Preferably, in the step (2), the specific lipid extraction parameters are carried out according to the area formula (2):
式中:S下坡表示松树下坡面的采脂面积;n表示采割的年度,9≤n≤16;D1表示起采胸径;Dn-1表示第n-1采割年的胸径;△D表示年胸径平均增长量;Dn设为首项为D1,公差为△D的等差数列;π为圆周率,取3.14;γ为采脂负荷率;L为步距值;d为采脂的天数;In the formula: S downslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine downslope; n represents the year of harvesting, 9≤n≤16; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; Dn-1 represents the diameter at breast height of the n-1th harvesting year ;△D represents the average annual increase in diameter at breast height; D n is set as the first term as D 1 , and the tolerance is the arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi, taking 3.14; γ is the fat extraction load rate; L is the step value; d is the The number of days for fat collection;
优选地,步骤(1)、(2)中所述采脂负荷率为41-45%。Preferably, the fat extraction load rate in steps (1) and (2) is 41-45%.
优选地,步骤(3)中计算总的采脂面积公式如下:Preferably, in step (3), the formula for calculating the total fat extraction area is as follows:
S总=S上坡+S下坡 (3)S total = S uphill + S downhill (3)
式中:S总表示松树总的采脂面积。In the formula: S total represents the total resin harvesting area of pine trees.
本发明具有以下有益效果:The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明适用于松树中长期采脂,解决了传统采脂技术落后,林分质量差,林木生长缓慢,单位面积产脂量低,采割寿命缩短,经济效益低下等问题。(1) The invention is suitable for medium and long-term resin harvesting from pine trees, and solves the problems of backward traditional resin harvesting technology, poor stand quality, slow growth of forest trees, low resin yield per unit area, shortened harvesting life, low economic benefits and the like.
(2)本发明有效解决了传统高负荷中长期采脂严重影响松树生长且需要搭架攀爬采脂,存在危险系数高,造成人身安全,成本高等问题,采用本发明的方法,可以实现提高马尾松产脂和产材,提升经济效益。(2) The present invention effectively solves the problems of traditional high-load medium and long-term resin harvesting that seriously affects the growth of pine trees and requires scaffolding and climbing to extract resin, resulting in a high risk factor, resulting in personal safety and high costs. The method of the present invention can improve the Masson pine produces fat and wood to improve economic benefits.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
图1为下降式双侧沟两面采脂法结构示意图一;Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram 1 of the descending double-sided ditch and both sides of the grease extraction method;
图2为下降式双侧沟两面采脂法结构示意图二;Fig. 2 is the structure schematic diagram 2 of the descending double-sided ditch two-sided grease extraction method;
图3为松树采脂上坡面、下坡面两个面的示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of two sides of the pine resin mining on the upper slope and the lower slope.
【具体实施方式】【Detailed ways】
为便于更好地理解本发明,通过以下实例加以说明,这些实例属于本发明的保护范围,但不限制本发明的保护范围。For better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are used to illustrate, these examples belong to the protection scope of the present invention, but do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明对采脂技术进行研究,对采割负荷率、步距等较佳工艺参数进行了选择,从而为如何实现获得产脂和产材较大经济效益,提供理论、数据基础。The invention studies the fat harvesting technology, and selects the optimal process parameters such as the harvesting load rate and the step distance, so as to provide a theoretical and data basis for how to achieve greater economic benefits of fat production and wood production.
(一)不同采割负荷率与产脂量的关系(1) The relationship between different cutting load rates and fat yield
在横县镇龙林场大吾分场贮木场开展了10年生马尾松16cm径阶(胸径15.0cm-16.9cm)不同采割负荷率与产脂量的对比试验,设置35%、40%、45%和50%共4个负荷率处理。连续3年进行采脂分析,试验结果表明:(1)16cm径阶始采脂第一年,不同采脂负荷率间产脂量差异显著,采脂负荷率越大产脂量越高,采脂负荷率50%的产脂量分别比35%、40%和45%提高了34.75%、28.94%和17.62%;(2)采脂第二和第三年,产脂量方面,不同采脂负荷率间产脂量差异显著,其中35%和40%负荷率以及45%和50%负荷率两组的组内产脂量差异不显著,组间产脂量显著差异,45-50%产脂量明显比35-40%负荷低25.36-41.23%;(3)在胸径生长量方面,50%采脂负荷率和35%负荷率的年胸径生长量分别为0.54cm和1.24cm,表明10年生16cm径级条件下,采脂负荷率不超过45%可以兼顾松脂和木材产量。A comparative test of 10-year-old masson pine with a diameter of 16cm (diameter at breast height 15.0cm-16.9cm) at different cutting load rates and fat yields was carried out in the wood storage yard of Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, with 35%, 40%, 45% % and 50% for a total of 4 load rate treatments. The fat harvesting analysis was carried out for 3 consecutive years, and the test results showed that: (1) In the first year of fat harvesting for the 16cm diameter class, there were significant differences in fat yield among different fat harvesting load rates. Compared with 35%, 40% and 45%, the fat yield of 50% fat loading rate was increased by 34.75%, 28.94% and 17.62% respectively; (2) In the second and third years of fat harvesting, in terms of fat yield, different The difference in fat production between the loading rates was significant. Among them, there was no significant difference in fat production between the two groups at 35% and 40% loading rate and between 45% and 50% loading rate, but there was a significant difference in fat production between groups. Fat mass was 25.36-41.23% lower than that of 35-40% loading; (3) in terms of DBH growth, the annual DBH growth of 50% fat harvesting loading rate and 35% loading rate were 0.54 cm and 1.24 cm, respectively, indicating that 10 Under the condition of 16cm diameter class per year, the load rate of grease extraction does not exceed 45%, which can take into account both pine resin and wood production.
(二)采割面积公式(2) Cutting area formula
传统单面高负荷搭架采脂法,采脂负荷率60%以上,采割高度4-6m,需搭架攀爬高度2-4m,存在危险系数高,成本大的问题,另外高负荷中长期采脂严重影响松树生长,不利于实现产脂和产材平衡发展,获得较大经济效益的目的。本发明对采脂技术进行研究,对采割负荷率、步距等较佳工艺参数进行了选择,采用“两面”采脂法进行采脂。具体采脂面积公式如下:The traditional single-sided high-load grease mining method, the grease mining load rate is more than 60%, the harvesting height is 4-6m, and the climbing height is 2-4m, which has the problems of high risk factor and high cost. Long-term resin harvesting seriously affects the growth of pine trees, which is not conducive to the balanced development of resin production and timber production and the purpose of obtaining greater economic benefits. The invention studies the fat harvesting technology, selects the optimal process parameters such as cutting load rate and step distance, and adopts the "two-sided" fat harvesting method for fat harvesting. The formula for the specific fat extraction area is as follows:
式中:S上坡表示松树上坡面的采脂面积;n表示采割的年度,1≤n≤8;D1表示起采胸径;Dn表示第n采割年的胸径;△D表示年胸径平均增长量;Dn设为首项为D1,公差为△D的等差数列;π为圆周率,取3.14;γ为采脂负荷率;L为步距值;d为采脂的天数。In the formula: S upslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine upslope; n represents the harvesting year, 1≤n≤8; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; Dn represents the diameter at breast height of the nth harvesting year; △D represents The average growth of diameter at breast height; D n is set as the first item of D 1 , and the tolerance is an arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi ratio, which is taken as 3.14; γ is the fat collection load rate; L is the step value; d is the number of days for fat collection .
式中:S下坡表示松树下坡面的采脂面积;n表示采割的年度,9≤n≤16;D1表示起采胸径;Dn-1表示第n-1采割年的胸径;△D表示年胸径平均增长量;Dn设为首项为D1,公差为△D的等差数列;π为圆周率,取3.14;γ为采脂负荷率;L为步距值;d为采脂的天数。In the formula: S downslope represents the resin harvesting area of the pine downslope; n represents the year of harvesting, 9≤n≤16; D1 represents the diameter at breast height; Dn-1 represents the diameter at breast height of the n-1th harvesting year ;△D represents the average annual increase in diameter at breast height; D n is set as the first term as D 1 , and the tolerance is the arithmetic sequence of △D; π is the pi, taking 3.14; γ is the fat extraction load rate; L is the step value; d is the The number of days of liposuction.
S总=S上坡+S下坡 (3)S total = S uphill + S downhill (3)
式中:S总表示松树总的采脂面积。In the formula: S total represents the total resin harvesting area of pine trees.
(三)不同侧沟采割步距与产脂量的关系(3) The relationship between the cutting step distance and the fat yield of different side grooves
在横县镇龙林场大吾分场贮木场开展了10年生马尾松不同采割步距与产脂量对比试验,设置侧沟采割步距0.1cm、0.3cm和0.5cm三个处理。连续采脂2年的试验数据分析表明:(1)0.1cm、0.3cm和0.5cm三个采割步距处理间产脂量略有差异,但差异未达到显著水平;(2)3个不同采割步距间虽然对松脂产量没有显著差异,但由于0.3cm和0.5cm显著增加了割面的消耗量,对胸径生长和抗风产生不利影响,建议10年生马尾松的采割步距以0.1cm为最佳。In the wood storage yard of Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, a comparative experiment of different cutting steps and fat yield of 10-year-old Pinus massoniana was carried out. The analysis of the experimental data of continuous fat harvesting for 2 years showed that: (1) there were slight differences in fat yield among the three harvesting step distances of 0.1 cm, 0.3 cm and 0.5 cm, but the difference did not reach a significant level; (2) three different Although there was no significant difference in the turpentine yield between the cutting steps, 0.3cm and 0.5cm significantly increased the consumption of cut surface, which had an adverse effect on the growth of diameter at breast height and wind resistance. 0.1cm is the best.
本发明通过严格控制采脂负荷率,保留一定的树皮输送养分,实现松树的健康成长,从而实现获得产脂和产材较大经济效益,有效解决了传统高负荷中长期采脂严重影响松树生长,大大降低木材产出,高负荷中长期采脂需要搭架攀爬采脂,存在危险系数高,造成人身安全,成本高等问题。The method strictly controls the resin extraction load rate, retains a certain amount of bark to transport nutrients, and realizes the healthy growth of pine trees, thereby achieving greater economic benefits of resin production and wood production, and effectively solving the problem that traditional high-load medium and long-term resin extraction seriously affects pine trees. Growing, greatly reducing the output of wood, high-load medium and long-term fat harvesting requires scaffolding and climbing, which has a high risk factor, resulting in personal safety and high costs.
在以上优化参数的基础上,下面通过更具体实施例对本发明进行说明。On the basis of the above optimized parameters, the present invention will be described below through more specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图1、2、3,一种松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest includes the following steps:
(1)在横县镇龙林场大吾分场贮木场选择10年生胸径为16.5cm的马尾松,在树的上坡面,从离地面到树高2m处按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长30cm,宽1.0cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料杯,采用竹制品固定,采脂负荷率为45%,割面周长23.3cm,连续采脂8年,完成上坡面采脂;(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 16.5cm in the wood storage yard of Dawu Branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and collect resin on both sides of the descending double-sided ditch from the ground to the height of 2m on the upslope of the tree. Fat harvesting method, single angle of 30 degrees, cutting ditch deep into xylem 0.3cm, step distance 0.1cm, 1 harvest per day; open middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cutting length 30cm, width 1.0cm, depth 0.5cm , Install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The fat collection load rate is 45%, the circumference of the cut surface is 23.3cm, and the fat collection has been continued for 8 years, and the upslope surface fat collection has been completed;
(2)选择树的下坡面,分别距离上坡割面留出10cm和12cm营养带,且离地面到树高2m处按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长30cm,宽1.0cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料杯,竹制品固定,采脂负荷率为41%,割面周长31.5cm,连续采脂8年,完成下坡面采脂;(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, leave 10cm and 12cm of nutrient belts away from the upslope cut surface, and use the descending double-sided ditch two-sided resin-collecting method to collect resin from the ground to the tree height of 2m, with a single angle of 30 degrees. , cut the ditch 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.1cm, and harvest every day; open the middle ditch in the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cut 30cm in length, 1.0cm in width, and 0.5cm in depth, and install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch , The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups, fixed by bamboo products, the fat collection load rate is 41%, the perimeter of the cut surface is 31.5cm, the fat collection has been continued for 8 years, and the downslope surface fat collection has been completed;
(3)把完成树前下坡面采脂的松树砍伐销售,按公式(1)-(3)计算采脂面积及产脂量,统计松脂收入和木材收入之和的总产值,计算经济效益。(3) Cut down and sell the pine trees that have been harvested for resin on the downslope in front of the tree, calculate the area of resin harvesting and the amount of resin produced according to formulas (1)-(3), and calculate the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income to calculate economic benefits. .
实施例2Example 2
如图1、2、3,一种松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest includes the following steps:
(1)在横县镇龙林场大吾分场贮木场选择10年生胸径为16.7cm的马尾松,在树的上坡面,从离地面到树高1.9m处按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长32cm,宽1.2cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料薄膜袋,采用木制品固定,采脂负荷率为44%,割面周长23.1cm,连续采脂8年,完成上坡面采脂;(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 16.7cm in the wood storage yard of the Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and harvest it on both sides of the descending double-sided ditch from the ground to the tree height of 1.9m on the upslope of the tree. Fat harvesting method, single angle of 30 degrees, cutting ditch deep into xylem 0.3cm, step distance 0.1cm, 1 harvest per day; open middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of cut surface, cut length 32cm, width 1.2cm, depth 0.5 cm, install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic film bags and fixed with wood products. The fat harvesting load rate is 44%. The circumference of the cut surface is 23.1 cm. fat;
(2)选择树的下坡面,分别距离上坡割面留出11cm和10cm营养带,且离地面到树高1.9m处按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长32cm,宽1.2cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料薄膜袋,采用木制品固定,采脂负荷率为43%采脂,割面周长33.3cm,连续采脂8年,完成下坡面采脂;(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, leave 11cm and 10cm nutrient belts respectively from the upslope cut surface, and extract the resin from the ground to the tree height of 1.9m according to the descending double-sided ditch and both sides of the resin, with a single angle of 30 The depth of the cutting groove is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.1cm, and the harvest is carried out every day; the middle groove is opened on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and the length of the cut is 32cm, the width is 1.2cm, and the depth is 0.5cm, and the fat is installed at the lower end of the middle groove. The container and the fat receiving container are made of plastic film bags and fixed with wood products. The fat harvesting load rate is 43%, and the perimeter of the cut surface is 33.3cm. The fat harvesting has been continued for 8 years, and the downslope surface fat harvesting has been completed;
(3)把完成树前下坡面采脂的松树砍伐,按公式(1)-(3)计算采脂面积及产脂量,统计松脂收入和木材收入之和的总产值,计算经济效益。(3) Cut down the pine trees that have been harvested for resin on the downslope in front of the tree, calculate the area of resin harvesting and the amount of resin produced according to formulas (1)-(3), and calculate the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income to calculate economic benefits.
实施例3Example 3
如图1、2、3,一种松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a sustainable management method for a dual-purpose pine resin wood forest includes the following steps:
(1)在横县镇龙林场大吾分场贮木场选择10年生胸径为17.3cm的马尾松,在树的上坡面,从离地面到树高2.1m处按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长36cm,宽1.3cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料杯,采用竹制品固定,采脂负荷率为45%,割面周长24.4cm,连续采脂8年,完成上坡面采脂;(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 17.3cm in the wood storage yard of the Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and harvest from the ground to the height of 2.1m on both sides of the descending double-sided ditch on the upslope of the tree. Fat harvesting method, single angle of 30 degrees, cutting ditch deep into xylem 0.3cm, step distance 0.1cm, 1 harvest per day; open middle ditch in the longitudinal center line of cut surface, cut length 36cm, width 1.3cm, depth 0.5 cm, install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The fat harvesting load rate is 45%. The circumference of the cut surface is 24.4 cm. ;
(2)选择树的下坡面,分别距离上坡割面留出12cm和11cm营养带,且离地面到树高2.1m处按下降式双侧沟两面采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长35cm,宽1.2cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料杯,采用竹制品固定,采脂负荷率为42%,割面周长33.4cm,连续采脂8年,完成下坡面采脂;(2) Select the downslope surface of the tree, leave 12cm and 11cm of nutrient belts away from the upslope cut surface respectively, and use the descending double-sided ditch and both sides of the tree to harvest grease from the ground to the height of 2.1m, with a single angle of 30 The depth of the cutting groove is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.1cm, and the harvest is carried out on a daily basis; the middle groove is opened on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, and the length of the cutting is 35cm, the width is 1.2cm, and the depth is 0.5cm, and the fat is installed at the lower end of the middle groove. The container and the fat-receiving container are made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The load rate of fat collection is 42%, the circumference of the cut surface is 33.4cm, and the fat collection has been continued for 8 years, and the downslope surface fat collection has been completed;
(3)把完成树前下坡面采脂的松树砍伐,进行卖掉,按公式(1)-(3)计算采脂面积及产脂量,统计松脂收入和木材收入之和的总产值,计算经济效益。(3) Cut down the pine trees that have completed resin harvesting on the downslope in front of the tree, and sell them. Calculate the resin harvesting area and resin production according to formulas (1)-(3), and count the total output value of the sum of pine resin income and wood income. Calculate economic benefits.
对比例Comparative ratio
采用传统高负荷中长期采脂法采脂:Adopt traditional high-load medium and long-term fat extraction method:
(1)在横县镇龙林场大吾分场贮木场选择10年生胸径为16.6cm的马尾松,从离地面到树高2m处按下降式采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长30cm,宽1.0cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料杯,采用竹制品固定,采脂负荷率为60%,割面周长31.3cm,采脂8年;(1) Select 10-year-old masson pine with a DBH of 16.6cm in the wood storage yard of the Dawu branch of Zhenlong Forest Farm in Hengxian County, and collect the resin from the ground to the height of 2m according to the descending method, with a single angle of 30 degrees. The groove is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, with a step distance of 0.1cm, and harvested every day; open the middle groove on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cut 30cm long, 1.0cm wide, and 0.5cm deep, and install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle groove. The grease container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products, the load rate of grease collection is 60%, the circumference of the cut surface is 31.3cm, and the collection of grease is 8 years;
(2)在采割面搭2m左右木梯,选择离地面到树高4m处,按下降式采脂法采脂,单夹角30度,割沟深入木质部0.3cm,步距0.1cm,按1天1采;在割面纵向中央线开中沟,开割长30cm,宽1.0cm,深0.5cm,在中沟下端安装受脂容器,受脂容器选用塑料杯,采用竹制品固定,采脂负荷率为65%,割面周长42cm,采脂8年;(2) Set up a wooden ladder of about 2m on the cutting surface, choose a place from the ground to the height of the tree 4m, and use the descending method to collect resin, with a single angle of 30 degrees. 1 harvest per day; open a middle ditch on the longitudinal center line of the cut surface, cut 30cm long, 1.0cm wide, and 0.5cm deep, install a fat receiving container at the lower end of the middle ditch. The fat receiving container is made of plastic cups and fixed with bamboo products. The fat load rate was 65%, the perimeter of the cut surface was 42cm, and the fat was harvested for 8 years;
(3)把完成采脂的松树砍伐,统计松脂收入和木材收入之和的总产值,计算经济效益。(3) Cut down the pine trees that have completed resin extraction, count the total output value of the sum of the pine resin income and the wood income, and calculate the economic benefits.
统计实施例1-3和对比例1的每亩经济效益,如表1所示。The economic benefits per mu of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are counted, as shown in Table 1.
由上表可知:采用实施例1-3的方法总收入分别对比例提高18.33%、18.50%和30.35%。另外,采用实施例1-3的方法不需要搭架攀爬采脂,在降低危险系数,提高林农人身安全的同时,显著提高了采脂效率。It can be seen from the above table that the total income is increased by 18.33%, 18.50% and 30.35% respectively by using the methods of Examples 1-3. In addition, using the methods of Examples 1-3 does not require scaffolding and climbing for fat collection, which not only reduces the risk factor, improves the personal safety of forest farmers, but also significantly improves the efficiency of fat collection.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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