CN101595807B - Artificial propagation promoting method of thelephora ganbajun zangwild and nursing method thereof - Google Patents

Artificial propagation promoting method of thelephora ganbajun zangwild and nursing method thereof Download PDF

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CN101595807B
CN101595807B CN2009100947015A CN200910094701A CN101595807B CN 101595807 B CN101595807 B CN 101595807B CN 2009100947015 A CN2009100947015 A CN 2009100947015A CN 200910094701 A CN200910094701 A CN 200910094701A CN 101595807 B CN101595807 B CN 101595807B
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ganba
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何俊
周志美
许建初
杨会贤
鲁定伟
李宏伟
尚素芹
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FORESTRY TECHNIQUE PROMOTION STATION OF BAOSHAN CITY
Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
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Abstract

The invention provides an artificial propagation promoting method of thelephora ganbajun zangwild and a nursing method thereof in mountain forests for producing wild thelephora ganbajun zangwild, comprising the steps of selecting a proper soil layer depth and a slop; adopting measures such as setting up a greenhouse, and the like, in the growth season of the thelephora ganbajun zangwild to propagate the thelephora ganbajun zangwild by means of mountain closure; adjusting the depth of covering materials; classifying canopy density; using marsh thistle-cleaning liquid; and carrying out steps of nursing, saving seedlings and promoting propagation such as harvesting, and the like, by means of cutting. The method has a remarkable propagation promoting effect to the wild thelephora ganbajun zangwild, can increase the yield of the wild thelephora ganbajun zangwild, and can improve quality.

Description

Wild ' Ganba ' fungus artificial propagation promoting and nursing method
Technical field:
The invention belongs to biological technical field, be specifically related to a kind of wild ' Ganba ' fungus artificial propagation promoting and nursing method.
Background technology:
GANBAJUN (Thelephota ganbajun Zang) belongs to the macro fungi that Basidiomycotina Hymenomycetes Aphyllophorales lead fungi section lead fungi belongs to, and its fruit body is grown thickly, and coralliform is branch repeatedly.GANBAJUN is extensive in Yunnan Province's distribution, and fresh edible mushroom contains crude protein 19.2%, crude fat 7.9%, ash content 16.1%, total reducing sugar 15.8%, also contains the trace element of 16 seed amino acids and multiple needed by human.GANBAJUN is nutritious, and the fragrance uniqueness is well received by consumers, and the consumer group constantly enlarges, and price also goes up thereupon, and 2005 to be only be 30 yuan/kg, goes up to 50 yuan/kg in 2006, goes up to 100 yuan/kg in 2007, increases to 200 yuan/kg in 2008 again.
The artificial cultivation of GANBAJUN is succeedd so far as yet, and the supply in the market collection wild resource that places one's entire reliance upon is in the state that supply falls short of demand.Under the ordering about of interests, the phenomenon that unordered unrest is adopted is quite general, and some fruit body has just been emitted to be unearthed and just plucked, the breeding of wild ' Ganba ' fungus is impacted, some in addition in the process of plucking also the growing environment to wild ' Ganba ' fungus damage.A kind ofly so simply ask for, the state of unordered utilization, make the natural resources of wild ' Ganba ' fungus be subjected to heavy damage, output and quality present downward trend year by year.Take artificial propagation promoting and child care technical measures effectively; increasing the output of wild ' Ganba ' fungus, improve quality, is protection and the important channel that rationally utilizes the wild ' Ganba ' fungus resource; increase income can for again simultaneously the mountain area masses, can also play the effect that protects forest resources, improves the ecological environment.Yet so far, do not see the report that wild ' Ganba ' fungus artificial propagation promoting and child care technical measures are arranged in the prior art.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide wild ' Ganba ' fungus artificial propagation promoting and nursing method, this method is remarkable to the short numerous effect of wild ' Ganba ' fungus volume increase, can increase the output of wild ' Ganba ' fungus, improves quality.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides following technical scheme:
Wild ' Ganba ' fungus artificial propagation promoting and nursing method, be included in and produce in the wild ' Ganba ' fungus mountain forest, select suitable soil thickness and aspect, fence is set and sets up and manage and protect canopy and seal a mountain pass and educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness and closing of crop degree, use clearly natural pond liquid, adopt the mode of lancinating out the short numerous step of gathering and reserve seed for planting in the GANBAJUN season of growth.
Soil thickness selection≤50cm or 50-100cm or 〉=100cm.
Aspect is selected half light slope or half Schattenseite.
Mantle thickness is selected 1-6cm.
The closing of crop degree is selected 0.5-0.7.
Gather is to carry out every 20m when the GANBAJUN fruit body is grown to high 8cm, diameter 12cm 2Or each bacterium pool stays the aging fruit body of at least one parachute-opening, adopting again after 40 days reserve seed for planting short numerous.
Be more preferably: soil thickness selection 〉=50cm; Aspect is selected the half light slope; Mantle thickness is selected 2-4cm; The closing of crop degree selects 0.6; Fertilising selects to use natural pond fertilizer clearly; Lancinate and gather 6 times; When the GANBAJUN fruit body is grown to high 8cm, when diameter 12cm gathers every 20m 2Or each bacterium pool is stayed the aging fruit body of a parachute-opening to adopt after 40 days to reserve seed for planting short numerous at least again.
Adopt technique scheme of the present invention, promptly in producing the wild ' Ganba ' fungus mountain forest, select the plot of the half light slope product wild ' Ganba ' fungus of soil thickness 〉=50cm, by taking that fence is set, sealing a mountain pass and educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness and closing of crop degree and set up and manage and protect canopy and artificial propagation promoting and child care measure such as nurse in the GANBAJUN season of growth, the output in average every mu of every year of wild ' Ganba ' fungus can reach 3.9kg, the output value reaches 610 yuan, and the output and the output value when not taking manually to manage and protect have increased by 197.88%, 314.76% respectively; Mantle thickness 2-4cm, closing of crop degree are the growing of optimum wild ' Ganba ' fungus under 0.6 the environmental condition, and the output of acquisition is the highest; The wild ' Ganba ' fungus on the same bacterium pool, traditional mode is only gathered 3 times every year, is taking manually to manage and protect on the basis of measure, use natural pond liquid clearly again, and adopt the picking methods of lancinating, the wild ' Ganba ' fungus of can gathering every year reaches 6 times, the test of small size, annual output reaches 20.3kg/ mu; The annual output value reaches 3248 yuan/mu, has increased again more than 4 times respectively than the output and the output value only taking manually to manage and protect measure.
Embodiment:
Further specify essentiality content of the present invention with embodiments of the invention below, but do not limit the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1:
1, select the wild ' Ganba ' fungus forest zone: select the more and quality of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output preferably forest carry out the enforcement of wild ' Ganba ' fungus artificial propagation promoting and child care technical measures.Particularly, select forest coverage 47%, sylvan life aboundresources, wild ' Ganba ' bacteria growing and the forest zone of concentrating.
2, Yan Jiu method and major technique measure:
Of the present inventionly manually manage and protect measure and be: select forest coverage 47%, the sylvan life aboundresources, (take that fence is set, seal a mountain pass to educate bacterium, adjustment mantle thickness, closing of crop degree and be to cling to bacteria growing foundation in season and manage and protect canopy and carry out continuous 2 years managing and protecting in every sample ground 20 * 20m) for wild ' Ganba ' bacteria growing and 5 sample ground, forest zone of concentrating.
2.1 adjust wild bacterium mantle thickness:
With mantle thickness be respectively 1-2cm, 2-3cm, 3-4cm, 4-5cm, 5-6cm be provided with sample ground (every sample ground repeats for 20 * 20m), three times, by the volume analysis of different bacterium pool mantle thickness, the obducent optimum thickness in the research GANBAJUN bacterium pool.
2.2 adjust the closing of crop degree:
The closing of crop degree is respectively 0.5,0.6,0.7 and sample ground is set (every sample ground repeats for 20 * 20m), three times, by the volume analysis on different closing of crop degree sample ground, studies the closing of crop degree of optimum wild ' Ganba ' bacteria growing.
2.3 different soil thickness:
Soil thickness be respectively 50cm≤, (every sample ground repeats for 20 * 20m), three times, the output of observation different soils situation wild ' Ganba ' fungus on 50-100cm, 100cm 〉=be provided with sample ground.
2.4 the selection of different aspects:
Being respectively tailo, half light slope, half Schattenseite, Schattenseite is provided with sample ground (every sample ground repeats for 20 * 20m), three times, observes the output of different aspect wild ' Ganba ' fungus.
2.5 fertilising and picking methods:
Around the immature GANBAJUN fruit body that distance just has been unearthed or around the GANBAJUN bacterium pool after gathering about 10cm, water (natural pond liquid can not directly drench at thalline or water on the bacterium pool) with clear natural pond liquid, generally executed once every 5~7 days.
Collecting time is 20~30 days after fruit body is unearthed generally, are the GANBAJUN mature periods, this moment the output height, fancy produce ratio height is an optimal harvest time.GANBAJUN grows into ageing stage after 20~30 days, and quality descends.The method of gathering is a kind of to be traditional approach, pushs fruit body humus and dry branches and fallen leaves on every side aside, extracts fruit body from native face lightly with hand, and then covers back humus and dry branches and fallen leaves; Another is to tap, and pushs fruit body dry branches and fallen leaves on every side aside, does not extract fruit body, stays to cut off about 1cm more than fruit body base portion soil face with sharp cutter and gathers, and then cover back dry branches and fallen leaves.
Respectively with do not apply fertilizer+traditional picking methods (take to be provided with fence, seal a mountain pass educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness, the closing of crop degree and the GANBAJUN season of growth set up manage and protect canopy nurse etc. manually manage and protect measure, the mode that self-sow and tradition are extracted); Do not apply fertilizer+tap (take that fence is set, seal a mountain pass educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness, closing of crop degree and set up in the GANBAJUN season of growth and to manage and protect canopy and labor management such as manage and protect and protect on the basis of measure, adopt the picking methods of lancinating); Apply fertilizer+tap (take that fence is set, seal a mountain pass educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness, closing of crop degree and set up in the GANBAJUN season of growth and to manage and protect canopy and nurse etc. and manually to manage and protect on the basis of measure, use natural pond liquid clearly again, and adopt the picking methods of lancinating).Sample ground is set, and (every sample ground repeats for 20 * 20m), three times, and research fertilising and picking methods are to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output.
2.6 other technologies measure:
2.6.1 reserve seed for planting:
GANBAJUN is a fungal component, and its breeding mainly is to produce offspring by the basidiospore on the fruit body of maturation, therefore, and every 20m 2Or each bacterium pool stay the aging fruit body of a parachute-opening to adopt again after 40 days at least to reserve seed for planting short numerous, or with those damaged, do not have the GANBAJUN fruit body of commodity value to keep, be allowed to condition at the physical maturity forest land in, produce ripe spore, a beginning new round is bred.The face of land dry branches and fallen leaves of reserving the bacterial classification zone to be pushed aside simultaneously, make the spore soil of having an opportunity directly to fall into, treat that aging GANBAJUN thalline covers dry branches and fallen leaves after being scattered fully more again, produce the new bacterium pool, the self-reproduction of realization GANBAJUN.The formation on a new bacterium pool generally needs several years, forms it to be protected behind the bacterium pool and manage, and can utilize for many years continuously.
2.6.2 increase soil moisture content:
In the GANBAJUN phase in vegetative period, under more dried local of timbered soil or situation about not raining for a long time,, soil moisture content is remained on about 22% around the 50cm of the bacterium pool, watering, help growing of wild ' Ganba ' fungus.
The classification standard 2.6.3 gather:
The classification standard of gathering of wild ' Ganba ' fungus is broadly divided into 4 grades (seeing Table 1) by buyer agent's requirement and market.
The table 1 GANBAJUN table of grading of gathering
Grade The fruit body diameter The fruit body height Outward appearance
The I level 12cm> 8cm> Not parachute-opening, shape is intact, and outward appearance is fresh
The II level 10-12cm 6-8cm Parachute-opening, shape is intact
The III level 6-10cm 4-6cm Parachute-opening, and the GANBAJUN fruit body is aging
Outside the level 6cm< 4cm< Little GANBAJUN and parachute-opening and fruit body are aging fully, the color blackening
2.7 the analysis and processing method of data:
Adopt LSD minimum difference test of significance approach to carry out significance test of difference, carry out multiple ratio with the t method of inspection.
3, result and analysis:
3.1 manually manage and protect the influence of measure to wild ' Ganba ' fungus output:
Table 2 wild ' Ganba ' fungus 06 year is to 08 annual production and output value situation of change unit: mu, kg, thousand yuan
Figure G2009100947015D00061
By take that fence is set, seal a mountain pass educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness, the closing of crop degree and the GANBAJUN season of growth set up manage and protect canopy nurse etc. manually manage and protect measure after, the output and the benefit of wild ' Ganba ' fungus rise appreciably (seeing Table 2).
As can be seen from Table 2, do not take manually to manage and protect measure in 2006,5 sample ground (5 family peasant households, 56 mu of areas) results wild ' Ganba ' fungus gross yield is 94.5kg, and average every per mu yield is 1.69kg; 8200 yuan of the gross output values, 150 yuan of average every per mu yield values.After taking in 2007 manually to manage and protect measure, results wild ' Ganba ' fungus gross yield is 164.5kg, and average every per mu yield is 2.94kg; The gross output value is 18310 yuan, 330 yuan of average every per mu yield values; The output and the output value increased by 74.1%, 123.3% than 2006 respectively.Continued to take manually to manage and protect measure in 2008, the gross yield of wild ' Ganba ' fungus reaches 281.5kg, and average every per mu yield is 3.9kg; The gross output value is 34010 yuan, 610 yuan of average every per mu yield values; The output and the output value increased by 32.04%, 85.8% than 2007 respectively; And compared with 2006 that do not take manually to manage and protect, the output and the output value have increased by 197.88%, 314.76% respectively.
3.2 different mantle thickness are to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus:
By the observation to sample ground, the different obducent thickness in the bacterium pool have considerable influence (seeing Table 3) to the output of wild ' Ganba ' fungus.
The rate schedule unit of the different mantle thickness wild ' Ganba ' fungus of table 3: cm, kg
Figure G2009100947015D00071
As can be seen from Table 3, wild ' Ganba ' fungus bacterium pool mantle thickness during with 2-4cm output the highest, and output is minimum during mantle thickness 1-2cm.Show that through variance analysis (seeing Table 4) different mantle thickness reach utmost point significance level to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output.Again multiple ratio after, the difference between the different mantle thickness also is significant.Illustrate that covering can not be too thick, can not be too thin, covering is too thin, and ground earth is exposed, and humidity descends, and microclimate is affected on the bacterium pool of GANBAJUN, the easy dehydration atrophy of GANBAJUN, output descends; And covering is too thick, and GANBAJUN is looked thin and tall, and limb is very thin, yield poorly, and the fruiting number also reduces, and it is just mashed inside that the GANBAJUN that has does not grow soil, also is unfavorable for growing of GANBAJUN.
The different mantle thickness of table 4 are to the variance analysis table that influences of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output
Become because of SS df MS F F 0.05 F 0.01
Mantle thickness 39.64 4 9.91 257.38 ** 3.84 7.00
Repeat 1.81 2 0.91 23.53 ** 4.46 8.65
Error 0.31 8 0.04
Amount to 41.76 14
3.3 different closing of crop degree are to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output:
By the observation to sample ground, the wild ' Ganba ' fungus output of different closing of crop degree is (seeing Table 5) inequality.
The rate schedule unit of the different crown density wild ' Ganba ' fungus of table 5: kg
Figure G2009100947015D00081
The different crown density of table 6 are to the variance analysis table that influences of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output
Become because of SS df MS F F 0.05 F 0.01
Crown density 2.18 2 1.09 81.75 ** 6.94 18
Repeat 1.79 2 0.89 67.00 ** 6.94 18
Error 0.05 4 0.01
Amount to 4.02 8
As can be seen from Table 5, in three crown density that are provided with, the closing of crop degree is 0.6 o'clock, and the output of wild ' Ganba ' fungus is the highest, shows that through variance analysis (seeing Table 6) different closing of crop degree are extremely significant to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output.Illustrate closing of crop spend low, in the woods illumination too strong, GANBAJUN grows the soil table and just is subjected to exposure in sunshine, easily dehydration atrophy and thirsting.When crown density were excessive, in the woods a little less than the illumination too, GANBAJUN turned black easily, susceptible, and when almost not having scattered light in the woods, the GANBAJUN pool can disappear.Keep crown density about 0.6, certain scattered light is arranged in the woods, the growing of the wild bacterium of optimum.
3.4 different soil thickness is to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output:
By the observation to sample ground, the output of the plot wild ' Ganba ' fungus of different soil thickness is (seeing Table 7) inequality.
The rate schedule unit of table 7 different soil thickness wild ' Ganba ' fungus: kg
Figure G2009100947015D00091
Show that through variance analysis (seeing Table 8) difference between the output of the plot wild ' Ganba ' fungus of different soil thickness has reached extremely significant level.With soil thickness 100cm 〉=output the highest.
Table 8 different soil thickness is to wild ' Ganba ' fungus yield effect variance analysis table
Become because of SS df MS F F 0.05 F 0.01
Soil thickness 98.88 2 49.44 385.25 ** 6.94 18
Repeat 3.09 2 1.54 12.03 ** 6.94 18
Error 0.51 4 0.13
Amount to 102.48 8
3.5 different aspects are to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output:
By the observation to sample ground, different soil thickness has remarkable influence (seeing Table 9) to the output of wild ' Ganba ' fungus.
The wild ' Ganba ' fungus rate schedule unit of the different aspects of table 9: kg
Figure G2009100947015D00101
From table 9, the wild ' Ganba ' fungus output in half Schattenseite plot is the highest, and through variance analysis (seeing Table 10), the difference between the wild ' Ganba ' fungus output of different aspects has reached extremely significant level.Illustrate that wild ' Ganba ' fungus grows better the output height at half Schattenseite or half light slope; And at Schattenseite or tailo retarded growth, yield poorly.
The different aspect wild ' Ganba ' fungus of table 10 output influence variance analysis table
Become because of SS df MS F F 0.05 F 0.01
Aspect 90.44 3 30.15 657.76 ** 4.76 9.78
Repeat 1.81 2 0.91 19.76 ** 5.14 10.90
Error 0.28 6 0.05
Amount to 92.53 11
3.6 fertilising and picking methods are to the influence of wild ' Ganba ' fungus output:
By the observation of sample ground, different fertilisings and picking methods, the number of times of gathering of wild ' Ganba ' fungus is different (seeing Table 11) with output.Do not apply fertilizer and can only gather 3 times every year with traditional mode of extracting (self-sow mode), output is minimum; Do not apply fertilizer, but adopt the mode of lancinating, can gather every year 5 times, output increases to some extent; The mode that adopts apply fertilizer (clear natural pond liquid)+lancinate can be gathered 6 every year, and output also is the highest.Show that through variance analysis (seeing Table 12) difference reaches utmost point significance level between different fertilisings and the picking methods wild ' Ganba ' fungus output.
Table 11 applies fertilizer and gathers and wild ' Ganba ' fungus production history unit: kg, inferior
Figure G2009100947015D00111
Fertilising that table 12 is different and picking methods wild ' Ganba ' fungus output influence variance analysis table
Become because of SS df MS F F 0.05 F 0.01
143.61 2 71.80 171.87 ** 6.94 18
Fertilising and picking methods 7.39 2 3.69 8.84 * 6.94 18
Error 1.67 4 0.42
Amount to 152.67 8
4, conclusion and discussion:
4.1 take artificial propagation promoting and child care technical measures to wild in the crust bacterium, should be chosen in the half light slope of soil thickness 〉=50cm, best results as far as possible.
4.2 by taking that fence is set, sealing a mountain pass and educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness and closing of crop degree and set up and manage and protect canopy and artificial propagation promoting and child care measure such as nurse in the GANBAJUN season of growth, the output in average every mu of every year of wild ' Ganba ' fungus reaches 3.9kg, the output value in average every mu of every year reaches 610 yuan, and the output and the output value when not taking manually to manage and protect have increased by 197.88%, 314.76% respectively.The effect of implementing artificial propagation promoting and child care technical measures is very obvious.
4.3 mantle thickness 2-4cm, closing of crop degree are the growing of optimum wild ' Ganba ' fungus under 0.6 the environmental condition, the output of acquisition is the highest.Mantle thickness is not enough, and available pine needle increases; Blocked up then artificial removal.Closing of crop is spent when big, adjust by pruning, but the closing of crop degree is when not enough, and the difficulty of adjusting is just bigger, because the interior bacterium pool density of wild ' Ganba ' fungus unit are is lower.
4.4 the wild ' Ganba ' fungus on the same bacterium pool, traditional self-sow and picking methods are only gathered 3 times every year.Take that fence is set, seal a mountain pass educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness, closing of crop degree and set up in the GANBAJUN season of growth and to manage and protect canopy and nurse etc. and manually to manage and protect on the basis of measure, use natural pond liquid clearly again, and adopt the picking methods cut out, the wild ' Ganba ' fungus of can gathering every year reaches 6 times, the test of small size, annual output reaches 20.3kg/ mu; The annual output value reaches 3248 yuan/mu.Than only take that fence is set, seal a mountain pass educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness, closing of crop degree and set up in the GANBAJUN season of growth and to manage and protect canopy and nurse etc. and manually to manage and protect measure output and the output value has increased again more than 4 times respectively.The benefit highly significant should extensively be promoted.
4.5 by taking artificial propagation promoting and child care technical measures to increase the output of wild ' Ganba ' fungus; make the economic well-being of workers and staff of the every mu of forest land annual 200-600 of generation unit; having improved the effectiveness of operation in forest land greatly, and protective effect is well also played in the protection of forest, is that developing ecology type industry is passed through in the mountain area; both improved the ecological environment; increase income again, realize harmony between man and nature, enter into eucyclic typical way; be subjected to very much the masses' welcome, have application value preferably.
By implementing technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention has reached excellent beneficial effect preferably.By the sloping plot of producing wild ' Ganba ' fungus of the half light of selecting soil thickness 〉=50cm, take to be provided with fence, seal a mountain pass and educate bacterium, adjust mantle thickness and closing of crop degree and set up and manage and protect canopy and artificial propagation promoting and child care measure such as nurse in the GANBAJUN season of growth, the output in average every mu of every year of wild ' Ganba ' fungus reaches 3.9kg, the output value in average every mu of every year reaches 610 yuan, and the output and the output value when not taking manually to manage and protect have increased by 197.88%, 314.76% respectively; Mantle thickness 2-4cm, closing of crop degree are the growing of optimum wild ' Ganba ' fungus under 0.6 the environmental condition, and the output of acquisition is the highest; The wild ' Ganba ' fungus on the same bacterium pool, traditional mode is only gathered 3 times every year, is taking manually to manage and protect on the basis of measure, use natural pond liquid clearly again, and adopt the picking methods of lancinating, the wild ' Ganba ' fungus of can gathering every year reaches 6 times, the test of small size, annual output reaches 20.3kg/ mu; The annual output value reaches 3248 yuan/mu, has increased again more than 4 times respectively than the output and the output value only taking manually to manage and protect measure.

Claims (1)

1. wild ' Ganba ' fungus artificial propagation promoting and nursing method is characterized in that selecting forest coverage 47%, the sylvan life aboundresources, wild ' Ganba ' bacteria growing and the forest zone of concentrating, take to be provided with fence and set up in the GANBAJUN season of growth and manage and protect canopy and seal a mountain pass and educate bacterium, mantle thickness is selected 2-4cm, and the closing of crop degree selects 0.6, soil thickness selection 〉=50cm, aspect is selected the half light slope, uses natural pond liquid clearly, and adopting lancinates gathers 6 times, gather every 20m to high 8cm, diameter 12cm when the GANBAJUN fruit body is long 2Or each bacterium pool stays the aging fruit body of at least one parachute-opening, and it is short numerous to reserve seed for planting after 40 days again.
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