CN111183871A - Method for realizing long-term fat collection of resin and material dual-purpose pinene - Google Patents
Method for realizing long-term fat collection of resin and material dual-purpose pinene Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine serving as a fat material, which adopts a fat collection method for all directions of east, west, south and north, wherein the fat collection method is used for strictly controlling the height of collection and cutting. The invention reserves a nutrient zone of more than 10cm among four cutting surfaces, has small influence on the volume growth of the pine trees on the premise of ensuring 32 years of continuous resin extraction, can realize the great output of wood and rosin, can use the forest as the resin material to meet the aims of sustainable utilization and sustainable development of the forest forever, and is beneficial supplement for delightful and rich forest farmers and ecological construction in mountain areas.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of pine planting, and particularly relates to a method for realizing long-term resin collection of a resin material and pine forest.
[ background of the invention ]
The masson pine is an important local fast growing wood-resin dual-purpose tree species in south China, and has the advantages of rapid growth and wide application. Guangxi is the central producing area of masson pine, the genetic resources are rich, and the genetic improvement effect is in the front of China. Guangxi is the most important place of production of rosin and rosin throughout the country, which is stable throughout the country for many years. Because the dual-purpose forest of the resin and the wood only adopts resin and does not cut down trees, the demand of ecological construction is met, the stand area of the resin-collected forest in the south of China is increased year by year, and forest farmers take short-term benefits as a starting point, so that most of the resin-collected forests have the nonstandard phenomena of early initial collection age, small initial cutting diameter order, pursuing the size of a rosin cutting face in a deviated plane, increasing the frequency of resin collection and the like. The pine resin yield is pursued by simply prolonging the resin extraction time and extracting the cutting surface, so that the existing pine resin raw material forest has short cutting service life, and the aims of sustainable utilization and sustainable development of the forest are difficult to realize.
The traditional high-load frame building and fat collection method has the advantages that the fat collection load rate is more than 60%, the collection and cutting height is 4-6m, the frame building and climbing height is 2-4m, the danger coefficient is high, the cost is high, the growth of pine trees is seriously influenced, and the like.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention provides a method for realizing long-term resin collection of a resin material and a pinewood, which aims to solve the problems that the traditional high-load long-term resin collection seriously influences the growth of pines and has low economic benefit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing long-term fat collection of a fat and material dual-purpose pine forest comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting pine trees with breast diameter of more than 18cm, and collecting resin on east surface of the trees by a descending type bilateral ditch four-side resin collection method; a middle ditch is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish east surface fat collection;
(2) selecting the west surface of the tree, and adopting a descending type double-side ditch four-side grease collection method to collect grease; a middle ditch is arranged on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish the fat collection of the west surface;
(3) selecting the south of the tree and reserving more than 10cm of nutrient zones away from the east and west cutting surfaces respectively, and adopting a descending type double-lateral ditch four-side fat extraction method to extract fat; a middle ditch is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish the fat collection of the south surface;
(4) selecting the north face of the tree and reserving more than 10cm of nutrition zones respectively away from the east and west cutting faces, and adopting a descending type double-lateral ditch four-face fat extraction method to extract fat; and (4) forming a middle ditch on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and installing a grease receiving container at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish the grease collection of the north surface.
Further, the specific fat extraction parameters in the step (1) are carried out according to an area formula (1):
in the formula: sEastRepresenting the eastern face fat-collecting area; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dnRepresenting the diameter of breast in the nth harvest year, △ D representing the average increase of the annual diameter of breast, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
Further, the specific fat-tapping parameter in the step (2) is carried out according to an area formula (2):
in the formula: sWestern medicineRepresents the area of western fat sampling; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 16; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
Further, the specific fat extraction parameters in the step (3) are carried out according to an area formula (3):
Ssouth China＝{[D16π－(D16π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×γ×L×d+{[D17π－(D17π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d+…+{[Dn-1π－(Dn-1π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d (3)
In the formula: sSouth ChinaThe southern face area of fat sampling is shown; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 17 and less than or equal to 24; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Is shown asn-1 breast diameter of harvest year △ D represents average annual breast diameter growthnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
Further, the specific fat extraction parameters in the step (4) are carried out according to an area formula (4):
Snorth China＝{[D24π－(D24π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×γ×L×d+{[D25π－(D25π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d+…+{[Dn-1π－(Dn-1π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d (4)
In the formula: sNorth ChinaRepresenting the area of the northern face for collecting the fat; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 32; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
Further, the bilateral furrow mining and cutting in the steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) is executed according to one mining in two days.
Further, the fat sampling load rate in the steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) is 20-35%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts a descending type double-lateral-ditch four-side resin extraction method to carry out resin extraction on east, west, south and north sides of trees, can realize resin extraction to a greater degree, does not influence the growth of pine trees, realizes a greater yield value of produced wood, and realizes the aims of sustainable utilization and sustainable development of forests.
(2) The traditional single-side high-load racking and resin collecting method seriously influences the growth of pine trees and needs to rack, climb and collect resin, so that the problems of high danger coefficient and high cost exist.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a first structural diagram of a descending double-side-ditch four-side fat-sampling method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a descending double-lateral-groove four-side fat-sampling method;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the east, west, south and north faces of pine tree resin extraction.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention researches the grease collecting technology and selects the better parameters of the process, thereby providing a theoretical and data basis for realizing the purpose of obtaining great economic benefits of grease production and material production.
(I) stand requirements for fat extraction
A13-year-old masson pine different-diameter-step fat extraction comparison test is carried out on a three-quarter branch yard of a town dragon forest farm in the Cross county, 4 initial fat extraction step treatments of 14cm, 16cm, 18cm and 20cm are set in the test, sample plots with relatively consistent slope directions and consistent soil fertility are selected, 31 strains are selected for fat extraction in each diameter step, and 5 strains are set for non-fat extraction in each diameter step as comparison. The test result shows that: (1) analysis of variance shows that the differences of the volume growth and the lipid production of each plant among 4 different diameter steps reach significant levels; (2) the fat yield increases along with the increase of the radial steps, wherein the fat yield of the 20cm radial step is the highest and is respectively 1.69 times, 1.39 times and 1.20 times of the radial steps of 14cm, 16cm and 18 cm; (3) the influence of fat collection on the breast diameter growth amount is reduced along with the increase of the radial step, wherein the influence is maximum on the radial step of 14cm, and 34.56 percent of the breast diameter growth amount is consumed by fat collection on the radial step of 14cm (compared with the non-fat collection); (4) the influence of the fat collection on the growth amount of the individual plant volume is reduced along with the increase of the radial step, the radial step with the largest influence is 14cm, and the growth amount of the individual plant volume is reduced by 58.36 percent compared with the growth amount of the individual plant volume without the fat collection; (5) the influence of the fat collection on the breast diameter above the 16cm diameter step and the growth amount of the individual plant volume is small, and the fat collection consumes 10.34%, 9.15% and 6.87% of the individual plant volume of the 16cm diameter step, the 18cm diameter step and the 20cm diameter step respectively. Therefore, the 13-year-old grease collection is started to cut at the diameter order of more than 16cm, and the normal growth of the forest can be ensured on the premise of standardized grease collection.
(II) relationship between different cutting load rates and fat yield
A contrast test of different cutting load rates and fat yield of 13-year-old masson pines is carried out on a three-quarter branch yard of a town dragon forest farm in the Cross county, and 8 treatments of 2 radial steps and 4 fat collection load rates are set in the test, wherein the radial step treatments are 14-16cm radial steps and 18-20cm radial steps respectively, and each radial step is set with 4 fat collection load rates of 20%, 30%, 45% and 50%. Selecting the sample plot with the same slope direction and soil force, selecting 32 plants for fat collection at each load rate, setting 5 plants for each radial step without fat collection as a control, and continuously collecting the fat for 3 years. The test result shows that: (1) the fat yield of different fat collection load rates of 14-16cm diameter steps has no obvious influence, but has obvious influence on the growth of the breast diameter and the growth of volume, the larger the fat collection load rate is, the smaller the growth rate is, wherein the annual breast diameter growth rate of 20% of the load rate is 1.23cm, and the annual breast diameter growth rate of 50% of the load rate is only 0.41, which indicates that the small diameter step trees in the diameter step group, especially the trees with the breast diameter less than 14cm diameter steps, mainly grow, and the breast diameter growth is consumed by early fat collection, so that the growth of the trees is seriously influenced; (2) in the 1 st year of the 18-20cm diameter-order initial fat collection, the fat yield difference among different fat collection load rates is obvious, wherein the fat yield of 50% of the fat collection load rate is the maximum; in the 2 nd and 3 rd years of fat collection, the difference of the fat yields among different fat collection load rates is obvious, wherein no obvious difference exists between 20% and 30% of the fat collection load rates and between 45% and 50% of the fat collection load rates, but the difference of the fat yields between the two groups reaches an obvious level, the fat yield of the 45-50% of the fat collection load rate is obviously lower than that of the 20-30% of the fat collection load rate, the fat collection load rate not only influences the fat yield, but also influences the growth of the diameter at breast height, wherein the annual diameter at breast height of the 50% of the fat collection load rate and the 20% of the fat collection load rate are respectively 0.6cm and 1.3cm, and the difference is obvious. The method shows that the optimal fat-collecting load rate of the forest under the normal growth condition is ensured to be below 45 percent under the diameter order of 18-20 cm.
(III) relationship between different fat sampling intervals and fat yield
A comparison test of different cutting intervals and fat yield of 13-year-old masson pine is carried out on a three-in-one branch site in a town dragon forest farm in the horizontal county, and 3 treatments of one-day picking, one-day picking and two-day picking are set. The test conclusion shows that: (1) in the first 1 year of fat collection, the fat yield and the breast diameter annual growth rate are respectively the highest and the lowest in two collections per day, wherein the fat yield of two collections per day is respectively increased by 15.23 percent and 8.62 percent compared with the fat yield of one collection per day and one collection per two days, and the breast diameter annual growth rate of two collections per day is respectively increased by 10.36 percent and 9.79 percent compared with the fat yield of one collection per day and one collection per two days; (2) in the 2 nd and 3 rd years of fat collection, the fat yield of the first-day-collection is respectively improved by 7.24 percent and 45.36 percent compared with the fat yield of the second-day-collection and the first-day-collection, the fat yield of the second-day-collection is the lowest, the growth of the breast diameter of the forest is influenced, the growth of the breast diameter of the second-day-collection per year is reduced by 40.2 percent compared with the first-day-collection per day, and the consumption of the cutting surface is increased by 41.6 percent; (3) the labor amount of two-day extraction is respectively 2 times and 4 times of that of one-day extraction and that of one-day extraction, but the fat yield is not improved, and the production is recommended to be popularized and applied for one-day extraction in two days or one-day extraction in one day.
(IV) area formula of mining and cutting
The traditional high-load racking and fat-collecting method has the advantages that the height of harvesting is 4-6m, the racking and climbing are needed for 2-4m, the problems of high risk coefficient and high cost exist, in addition, the high-load long-term fat collection seriously influences the growth of pine trees, the balanced development of fat production and wood production is not favorably realized, and the purpose of obtaining greater economic benefit is achieved. According to the invention, on the basis of researching the fat forest collection requirements and fat collection technology and selecting better process parameters such as fat forest stand requirements, fat collection interval time, fat collection load rate, nutrition zone and the like, the collection height of 2m is strictly controlled, and fat collection is carried out by adopting a four-side fat collection method. The specific fat sampling parameters are carried out according to the area formulas (1) to (5):
in the formula: sEastRepresents the eastern face area of fat sampling; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dnRepresenting the diameter of breast in the nth harvest year, △ D representing the average increase of the annual diameter of breast, DnIs set as the first item D1Tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14, gamma is fat-collecting load rate, L is step pitch value, and D is fat-collectingDays.
In the formula: sWestern medicineRepresents the western area of fat sampling; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 16; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
SSouth China＝{[D16π－(D16π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×γ×L×d+{[D17π－(D17π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d+…+{[Dn-1π－(Dn-1π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d (3)
In the formula: sSouth ChinaThe area of fat collection in the south is shown; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 17 and less than or equal to 24; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
SNorth China＝{[D24π－(D24π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×γ×L×d+{[D25π－(D25π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d+…+{[Dn-1π－(Dn-1π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d (4)
In the formula: sNorth ChinaRepresenting the area of fat sampling in the north; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 32; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
SGeneral assembly＝SEast+SWestern medicine+SSouth China+SNorth China(5)
In the formula: sGeneral assemblyRepresents the total area of the pitch.
According to the invention, the fat-collecting load rate and the height of the cutting are strictly controlled, and at least 10cm of nutrient zones are reserved among four cutting surfaces to convey nutrients, so that healthy growth of pine trees is realized, and therefore, the great economic benefits of fat production and wood production are realized, and the problems of high risk coefficient, personal safety, low labor efficiency, high cost and the like caused by the fact that the growth of pine trees is seriously influenced by traditional high-load long-term fat collection are effectively solved, the wood production is greatly reduced, the height of the high-load long-term fat-collecting cutting is 4-6m, the height of the built climbing is 2-4 m.
On the basis of the above-described optimization parameters, the present invention is explained below by way of more specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine serving as a fat material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 13-year-old masson pine with the breast diameter of 18.8cm in the three-in-one branch yard of the Town Longlin farm in the Yangxian county, and collecting grease according to a descending type double-lateral ditch four-side grease collection method from the place away from the ground to the position 1.7m higher than the tree, wherein the single included angle is 30 degrees, the cutting ditch is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.1cm, and the grease is collected once every two days; a middle groove is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the length of the middle groove is 30cm, the width of the middle groove is 1.0cm, the depth of the middle groove is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle groove, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by bamboo products, the fat collecting load rate is 35%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 20.7cm, and the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, so that the east surface fat collection is completed;
(2) selecting the west surface of the tree, and collecting the resin from the position 1.8m away from the ground to the height of the tree by a descending type double-side ditch four-surface resin collection method, wherein the included angle is 30 degrees, the cutting ditch is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step pitch is 0.1cm, and the resin is collected once every two days; a middle groove is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the length of the middle groove is 30cm, the width of the middle groove is 1.0cm, the depth of the middle groove is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle groove, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by bamboo products, the fat collecting load rate is 30%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 23.4cm, and the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, so that the fat collection of the west surface is completed;
(3) selecting the south of the tree, reserving 10cm and 11cm nutrient zones away from east and west cutting surfaces respectively (the nutrient zones and the nutrient zones in the following embodiments are longitudinal continuous tree belts which are reserved on the trunk and are not harvested for guaranteeing the transportation and supply of water and nutrients), harvesting the resin at a position 1.7m away from the ground to the height of the tree by a descending type double-side ditch four-surface resin harvesting method, forming a single included angle of 30 degrees, enabling the cutting ditch to be 0.3cm deep into the xylem, and harvesting at a step distance of 0.1cm every two days; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 30cm, the width is 1.0cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by adopting a bamboo product, the fat collecting load rate is 20%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 20.6cm, and the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, so that the fat collection of the south side is finished;
(4) selecting the north face of the tree, reserving 11cm and 12cm nutrition zones respectively away from east and west cutting faces, collecting the resin by a descending type double-lateral ditch four-face resin collection method at a position 2m from the ground to the height of the tree, carrying out single included angle of 30 degrees, enabling the cutting ditch to be deep into the xylem by 0.3cm, and carrying out single-day extraction by 0.1cm step distance; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 30cm, the width is 1.0cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by adopting a bamboo product, the fat collecting load rate is 20%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 25.6cm, and the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, so that the fat collection of the north surface is completed;
(5) and (3) felling and selling the pine trees which finish the resin picking of east, west, south and north sides of the trees, calculating the resin picking area and the resin yield according to the formulas (1) to (5), counting the total value of the sum of the pine resin income and the wood income, and calculating the economic benefit.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine serving as a fat material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 13-year-old masson pine with a breast diameter of 20.6cm in the three-in-one branch yard of the Town Longlin farm in the Yangxian county, and collecting grease from the place 1.8m away from the ground to the tree height by a descending type double-side ditch four-side grease collection method, wherein the included angle is 30 degrees, the cutting ditch is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step distance is 0.12cm, and the grease is collected once every two days; a middle groove is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the length of the middle groove is 32cm, the width of the middle groove is 1.2cm, the depth of the middle groove is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle groove, the fat receiving container is a plastic film bag and is fixed by wood products, the fat collecting load rate is 35%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 22.6cm, and the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, so that the east surface fat collection is completed;
(2) selecting the west surface of the tree, and collecting the resin from the position 1.7m higher than the tree from the ground by a descending type double-side ditch four-surface resin collection method, wherein the included angle is 30 degrees, the cutting ditch is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step pitch is 0.12cm, and the resin is collected once every two days; a middle groove is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 32cm, the width is 1.2cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end, the fat receiving container is a plastic film bag and is fixed by wood products, the fat collecting load rate is 30%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 26.9cm, and fat collection is continuously carried out for 8 years, so that fat collection on the west surface is completed;
(3) selecting the south of the tree and reserving 10cmtkg of 11cm nutrition zones away from east and west cutting faces respectively, collecting the resin from the position 1.7m away from the ground to the height of the tree according to a descending type double-lateral ditch four-side resin collection method, carrying out single included angle of 30 degrees, enabling the cutting ditch to be deep into xylem by 0.3cm, and carrying out single-collection according to two days, wherein the step pitch is 0.12 cm; a middle groove is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 32cm, the width is 1.2cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end, the fat receiving container is a plastic film bag and is fixed by wood products, the fat collecting load rate is 20%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 23cm, and the fat collection of the south side is finished for 8 years;
(4) selecting the north face of the tree, reserving 10cm and 12cm nutrition zones away from east and west cutting faces respectively, collecting the resin from the position 1.8m away from the ground to the height of the tree by a descending type double-lateral ditch four-face resin collection method, carrying out single included angle of 30 degrees, enabling the cutting ditch to be deep into xylem by 0.3cm, and carrying out single-collection on the tree according to two days; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 32cm, the width is 1.2cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic film bag and is fixed by wood products, the fat collecting load rate is 20%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 28.0cm, and the fat collection of the north surface is finished for 8 years;
(5) and (3) felling and selling the pine trees which finish the resin picking of east, west, south and north sides of the trees, calculating the resin picking area and the resin yield according to the formulas (1) to (5), counting the total value of the sum of the pine resin income and the wood income, and calculating the economic benefit.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine serving as a fat material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 13-year-old masson pine with a breast diameter of 19.4cm in the Sanhe branch of Town forest farm in the Yangxian county, and collecting grease according to a descending type double-lateral ditch four-side grease collection method from the place away from the ground to the position 1.8m higher than the tree, wherein the included angle is 30 degrees, the depth of a cutting ditch into xylem is 0.3cm, the step distance is 0.11cm, and the grease is collected once every two days; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 36cm, the width is 1.3cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by bamboo products, the fat collecting load rate is 35%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 21.3cm, and the fat is collected for 8 years continuously, so that the east surface fat collection is completed;
(2) selecting the west surface of the tree, and collecting the resin from the position 1.7m higher than the tree from the ground by a descending type double-side ditch four-surface resin collection method, wherein the included angle is 30 degrees, the cutting ditch is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step pitch is 0.11cm, and the resin is collected once every two days; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 35cm, the width is 1.2cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by adopting bamboo products, the fat collecting load rate is 30%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 25.8cm, and the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, so that the fat collection of the western face is finished;
(3) selecting the south of the tree, reserving 10cm and 12cm nutrition zones away from east and west cutting faces respectively, collecting the resin from the position 1.8m away from the ground to the height of the tree by a descending type double-lateral ditch four-side resin collection method, carrying out single included angle of 30 degrees, enabling the cutting ditch to be 0.3cm deep into xylem, and carrying out single extraction on the tree according to two days with the step pitch of 0.11 cm; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 34cm, the width is 1.2cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by adopting a bamboo product, the fat collecting load rate is 20%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 22.2cm, and the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, so that the fat collection of the south side is finished;
(4) selecting the north face of the tree, reserving 13cm and 11cm nutrition zones respectively away from east and west cutting faces, and collecting the resin from the position 1.8m away from the ground to the height of the tree according to a descending type double-lateral ditch four-face resin collection method, wherein the included angle is 30 degrees, the depth of a cutting ditch into xylem is 0.3cm, the step distance is 0.11cm, and the resin is collected once every two days; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 32cm, the width is 1.5cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is installed at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by adopting a bamboo product, the fat collecting load rate is 20 percent, the circumference of the cutting surface is 27.3cm, the fat is collected continuously for 8 years, and the fat collection of the north surface is finished;
(5) and (3) felling and selling the pine trees which finish the resin picking of east, west, south and north sides of the trees, calculating the resin picking area and the resin yield according to the formulas (1) to (5), counting the total value of the sum of the pine resin income and the wood income, and calculating the economic benefit.
Comparative example 1
Adopting a traditional high-load long-term fat extraction method to extract fat:
(1) selecting 13-year-old masson pine with a breast diameter of 19cm in the three-in-one branch yard of the Town Longlin farm in the Yangxian county, and collecting the grease according to a descending grease collection method from the ground to the position 1.8m higher than the tree, wherein the included angle is 30 degrees, the cutting ditch is 0.3cm deep into the xylem, the step pitch is 0.1cm, and the grease is collected once every two days; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 30cm, the width is 1.0cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by adopting a bamboo product, and the fat is continuously collected for 8 years when the fat collecting load rate is 60 percent and the circumference of the cutting surface is 35.8 cm;
(2) building a 2m wooden ladder on a cutting face, selecting a position 4m away from the ground to the height of a tree, adopting the grease extraction method in a descending mode, carrying out single included angle of 30 degrees, enabling a cutting ditch to be 0.3cm deep into the xylem, enabling the step pitch to be 0.1cm, and extracting once every two days; a middle ditch is cut on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, the cutting length is 30cm, the width is 1.0cm, the depth is 0.5cm, a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the middle ditch, the fat receiving container is a plastic cup and is fixed by adopting bamboo products, the fat collecting load rate is 60%, the circumference of the cutting surface is 43.3cm, and the fat is continuously collected for 8 years;
(5) and (4) cutting and selling the pine trees which finish the resin collection, counting the total yield of the sum of the pine resin income and the wood income, and calculating the economic benefit.
The economic benefits per acre of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were counted as shown in table 1.
| Experimental project | Wood income (Wanyuan) | Pine resin income (Wanyuan) | Total income (Wanyuan) |
| Example 1 | 4.158 | 2.679 | 6.837 |
| Example 2 | 4.707 | 3.562 | 8.269 |
| Example 3 | 5.852 | 3.152 | 9.004 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.415 | 2.396 | 3.811 |
From the above table, it can be seen that: the economic benefit obtained by adopting the method of the embodiment 1-3 is far greater than that obtained by adopting the method of the comparative example 1, the total income of the embodiment 1-3 is respectively improved by 79.4 percent, 116.9 percent and 136.3 percent compared with the comparative example, in addition, the method of the embodiment 1-3 does not need to climb and pick grease by putting up a frame, the labor efficiency is obviously improved, the danger coefficient is reduced, and the personal safety of a picking farmer is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine serving as a fat material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting pine trees with breast diameter of more than 18cm, and collecting resin on east surface of the trees by a descending type bilateral ditch four-side resin collection method; a middle ditch is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish east surface fat collection;
(2) selecting the west surface of the tree, and adopting a descending type double-side ditch four-side grease collection method to collect grease; a middle ditch is arranged on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish the fat collection of the west surface;
(3) selecting the south of the tree and reserving more than 10cm of nutrient zones away from the east and west cutting surfaces respectively, and adopting a descending type double-lateral ditch four-side fat extraction method to extract fat; a middle ditch is formed in the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and a fat receiving container is arranged at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish the fat collection of the south surface;
(4) selecting the north face of the tree and reserving more than 10cm of nutrition zones respectively away from the east and west cutting faces, and adopting a descending type double-lateral ditch four-face fat extraction method to extract fat; and (4) forming a middle ditch on the longitudinal central line of the cutting surface, and installing a grease receiving container at the lower end of the cutting surface to finish the grease collection of the north surface.
2. The method for realizing long-term fat collection of the pinene compatible with the fat material according to claim 1, wherein the specific fat collection parameters in the step (1) are carried out according to an area formula (1):
in the formula: sEastRepresenting the eastern face fat-collecting area; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dnRepresenting the diameter of breast in the nth harvest year, △ D representing the average increase of the annual diameter of breast, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
3. The method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine and resin material according to claim 1, wherein specific fat collection parameters in the step (2) are carried out according to an area formula (2):
in the formula: sWestern medicineRepresents the area of western fat sampling; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 16; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
4. The method for realizing long-term fat collection of the pinene compatible with the fat material according to claim 1, wherein the specific fat collection parameters in the step (3) are carried out according to an area formula (3):
Ssouth China＝{[D16π－(D16π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×γ×L×d+{[D17π－(D17π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d+…+{[Dn-1π－(Dn-1π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d (3)
In the formula: sSouth ChinaThe southern face area of fat sampling is shown; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 17 and less than or equal to 24; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
5. The method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine and resin material according to claim 1, wherein specific fat collection parameters in the step (4) are carried out according to an area formula (4):
Snorth China＝{[D24π－(D24π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×γ×L×d+{[D25π－(D25π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d+…+{[Dn-1π－(Dn-1π－D1×π×γ)×γ－D1×π×γ]÷2}×π×γ×L×d (4)
In the formula: sNorth ChinaRepresenting the area of the northern face for collecting the fat; n represents the year of mining and cutting, and n is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 32; d1Representing the diameter of the breast during extraction; dn-1Representing the breast diameter of the (n-1) th harvest year, △ D representing the average annual breast diameter growth, DnIs set as the first item D1The tolerance is △ D, pi is circumference ratio, 3.14 is taken, gamma is the fat-collecting load rate, L is the step pitch value, and D is the number of days of fat collection.
6. The method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine serving as both lipid materials according to claim 1, wherein the bilateral furrow collection and cutting in the steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) are performed according to one collection in two days.
7. The method for realizing long-term fat collection of turpentine serving as both lipid material according to claim 1, wherein the fat collection load rate in steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) is 20-35%.
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