CN111217973B - 一种聚氨酯润滑剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯润滑剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN111217973B
CN111217973B CN201811438378.4A CN201811438378A CN111217973B CN 111217973 B CN111217973 B CN 111217973B CN 201811438378 A CN201811438378 A CN 201811438378A CN 111217973 B CN111217973 B CN 111217973B
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杨万庆
黄岐善
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Wanhua Chemical Ningbo Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯润滑剂及其制备方法和用途,该润滑剂是由二异氰酸酯和含有单官能度活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物反应制得。该润滑剂具有与热塑性聚氨酯相容性优异、不析出、防粘和润滑效果突出的特点。

Description

一种聚氨酯润滑剂及其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明公开了一种聚氨酯润滑剂及其制备方法和用途,该润滑剂是由异氰酸酯和含有单官能度活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物反应制得,具有与聚氨酯相容性优异、不析出、防粘和润滑效果突出的特点。
背景技术
聚氨酯是指在大分子主链中含有氨基甲酸酯基的聚合物,一般聚氨酯包含聚酯型和聚醚型,具有较高的机械强度、柔韧性、弹性、耐磨性、耐油性等性能优异,市场应用广泛。
由于聚氨酯分子结构中存在强极性基团和聚酯或者聚醚柔性链段结构,聚氨酯材料的粘性较强,对某些市场应用具有不良的影响。例如,聚氨酯弹性体在注塑、压延等加工成型过程中粘连模具,脱模困难;聚氨酯卷材或薄膜收卷后不易开口的问题;浇注型聚氨酯弹性体和聚氨酯发泡材料在成型过程中脱模困难。
CN105504222 A公开了一种高透明手机壳护套专用TPU材料及其制备方法,为实现热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的良好脱模,添加了0.1~0.6%的润滑剂,润滑剂为硬脂酸酰胺、蒙旦蜡、油酸酰胺或乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺中的一种或几种的混合物。US3595827公开了一种自润滑组合物,其中润滑剂结构为R1-CONH-R2化合物,添加量为0.02~1%。US3562291公开了一种芥酸酰胺和月桂酸酰胺的组合物用于聚合物的防粘和自润滑。以上针对聚烯烃的酰胺类或者蒙坦蜡类的润滑剂在用于聚氨酯时,存在相容性差,析出,喷霜出油的问题,产品品质尤其是外观品质受到较大的影响。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种聚氨酯润滑剂及制备方法,其结含有异氰酸酯基团和脂肪族碳链分子结构。
本发明所述的一种聚氨酯润滑剂,其是由以下原料经反应制得:
1)含有至少二个官能度的异氰酸酯化合物;
2)含有单官能度活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物;
所述脂肪族化合物分子量范围是70~2000g/mol,优选为70~600g/mol,分别选自以下结构式中a和b的一种或两种,任意质量比例的组合;
a.R1-X1
b.R2CONHR3-X2
X1基团选自羧基(-COOH),胺基(-NH2),环氧基
Figure BDA0001882316070000021
酰胺(-CONH2)中的一种,优选为羧基(-COOH)或胺基(-NH2)的一种;
X2基团选自羟基(-OH),胺基(-NH2),羧基(-COOH),环氧基
Figure BDA0001882316070000022
酰胺(-CONH2)中的一种,优选为羟基(-OH)或胺基(-NH2)的一种;
R1为4~32个碳原子数的饱和直链脂肪族基团,或为4~32个碳原子数且含有单双键或非共轭二双键的不饱和直链脂肪族基团,优选为含有16~26个碳原子数的饱和或不饱和直链脂肪族基团,可进一步优选为16~22个碳原子数的饱和或不饱和直链脂肪族基团;
R2为含有4~32个碳原子数的饱和或含有单个双键的直链脂肪族基团,优选为16~26个碳原子数;
R3为含有1~16个碳原子数的饱和直链脂肪族基团,优选为1~12个碳原子数。
组分1)与组分2)的用量使得异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.95~1:1.2,优选1:0.99~1:1.05。
结构式a的化合物的实例有山嵛酸、花生酸、硬脂酸、二十八烷酸、十六胺、十八胺、二十胺、二十二胺等。
结构式b的化合物的实例有羟乙基硬脂酸酰胺、羟丁基山嵛酸酰胺、羟乙基棕榈酸酰胺、CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11CONH(CH2)4NH2等。
本发明所述的异氰酸酯化合物包括脂肪族异氰酸酯、芳香族异氰酸酯中的一种或多种,可选为4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯,1,4-二异氰酸酯基环己烷,环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,降冰片烷二异氰酸酯,甲基环己基二异氰酸酯,甲苯二异氰酸酯,二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯,萘二异氰酸酯,1,4-苯二异氰酸酯,苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,四亚甲基间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯,二甲基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,3,3’-二甲氧基联苯-4,4’-二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苯醚二异氰酸酯,4-甲基二苯基甲烷-3,4-二异氰酸酯,2,4’-二苯硫醚二异氰酸酯,二乙基苯二异氰酸酯和4,4’-二苯基乙烷二异氰酸酯的一种或多种,可进一步优选为二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苄基二异氰酸酯,1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯,对苯二异氰酸酯,甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体,甲苯二异氰酸酯与三羟甲基丙烷的加成物,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯三聚体,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯缩二脲,异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯与三羟甲基丙烷的加成物,环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体,三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯,二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯,L-赖氨酸三异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
本发明进一步提供了上述聚氨酯润滑剂的制备方法,包括:
1)将本发明所述的异氰酸酯、含有单官能度活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物按配方量加入反应釜中,其中,异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.95~1:1.2,优选1:0.99~1:1.05;
2)通入氮气置换反应釜中的空气,在50~180℃下搅拌反应20~120min,进一步优化反应条件为60~150℃,搅拌30~90min,反应过程中任选加入反应淬灭剂;
3)抽真空脱除小分子化合物和如果有的未反应的猝灭剂,冷却出料得到产物。
在所述聚氨酯润滑剂的制备方法,在制备过程中还可以加入反应淬灭剂;可选为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇,乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇中的至少一种,其中优选甲醇和/或乙醇。所使用的原材料优选使用试剂级分析纯,水分含量小于0.01%。反应猝灭剂的用量为相对于配方中异氰酸酯0.5-5wt%。
本发明进一步提供了上述聚氨酯润滑剂用于聚氨酯弹性体或聚氨酯发泡材料在成型过程中脱模的用途,即本发明的上述聚氨酯润滑剂可以用作聚氨酯弹性体或聚氨酯发泡材料成型过程中中的防粘脱模助剂。
本发明所述的聚氨酯润滑剂用于改善聚氨酯粘连、不易脱模的市场应用。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。本发明实施例中所用原材料料皆为市场化采购所得。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
1)将4,4’二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、山嵛酸(百灵威,95%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:1.01;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在80℃下,搅拌反应60min;
3)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例2
1)将4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、十八胺(百灵威,99%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:1.2;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在60℃下,搅拌反应60min;
3)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至220℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例3
1)将1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、硬脂酸(百灵威,97%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:1.05;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在120℃下,搅拌反应100min;
3)滴加入淬灭剂乙二醇,用量为相对于1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯用量的2wt%,同时检测反应物的NCO值,使含量低于50ppm;
4)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例4
1)将对苯二异氰酸酯(麦克林,99%,市售)、十六胺(百灵威,95%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:1.01;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在120℃下,搅拌反应100min;
3)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例5
1)将对苯二异氰酸酯(麦克林,99%,市售)、二十八烷酸(富博克,工业级,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:1.01;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在110℃下,搅拌反应110min;
3)滴加入淬灭剂乙二醇,用量为相对于对苯二异氰酸酯用量的2wt%,同时检测反应物的NCO值,使含量低于50ppm;
4)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例6
1)将4,4’-二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、羟乙基硬脂酸酰胺(江西维科,98%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.95;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。在150℃下,搅拌反应90min;
3)滴加入淬灭剂乙醇,用量为相对于4,4’-二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯用量的3wt%,同时检测反应物的NCO值,使含量低于50ppm;
4)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例7
1)将4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、羟丁基山嵛酸酰胺(江西维科,98%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.99;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。在110℃下,搅拌反应120min;
3)滴加入淬灭剂1,4丁二醇,用量为相对于4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯用量的1.5wt%,同时检测反应物的NCO值,使含量低于50ppm;
4)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例8
1)将异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、羟乙基棕榈酸酰胺(江西维科,98%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.97;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在100℃下,搅拌反应90min;
3)滴加入淬灭剂乙醇,用量为相对于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯用量的5wt%,同时检测反应物的NCO值,使含量低于50ppm;
4)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例9
1)将1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、CH3(CH2)18CONH(CH2)4NH2(江西维科,95%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.996;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在140℃下,搅拌反应120min;
3)滴加入淬灭剂甲醇,用量为相对于1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯用量的3.5wt%,同时检测反应物的NCO值,使含量低于50ppm;
4)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至190℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例10
1)将4,4-二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯(万华化学,工业级)、CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11CONH(CH2)4NH2(江西维科,95%,市售)按配方量加入反应釜中,配方中异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1:0.992;
2)通入氮气5min置换反应釜中的空气。设定反应在120℃下,搅拌反应90min;
3)滴加入淬灭剂乙醇,用量为相对于4,4’-二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯用量的4wt%,同时检测反应物的NCO值,使含量低于50ppm;
4)控制体系真空度为0.01kPa,逐步升温至180℃,保持10min,直到无小分子脱出。冷却出料得到产物。
实施例和对比例应用验证
以市场上广泛销售的乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺(EBS常州可赛),芥酸酰胺(英国CrodaER),硬脂酸钙(三益SAK-CS-P),蒙坦蜡(Clariant E)作为对比实施例使用双螺杆挤出机加入至常见市售90A TPU(BASF Elastollan 690A)中,测试TPU的脱模力,剥离力,试片透明性,表面析出等。使用本专利所述的一种聚氨酯润滑剂,作为实施例,采用同样的方法将润滑剂加入至常见市售90A TPU(BASF Elastollan 690A)中。具体实施方案如下:
将实施例和对比例的润滑剂按照表1的配方和TPU进行充分混合,然后在南京杰亚挤出装备有限公司的SHJ-42双螺杆挤出机中进行高速剪切混合造粒,螺杆的各区温度设置分别为:一区温度:180℃,二区温度为195℃,三区温度为210℃,四区温度为210℃,五区温度为205℃,六区温度为200℃,七区温度为200℃,八区温度为195℃,九区温度为190℃,口模温度为190℃。喂料速度设置为35转/分,螺杆转速设定为300转/分。
性能对比如下表。
Figure BDA0001882316070000061
Figure BDA0001882316070000071
注*1:使用市售的TPU(BASF Elastollan 690A),使用注塑机(克劳斯马菲CX80-180)和2mm平整模具,测试注射件从模具上顶出时的力。
注*2:使用市售的TPU(BASF Elastollan 690A),使用流延机成型0.2mm薄膜,收卷后测试开口剥离力。参照标准为:ASTM-D3330-a。
注*3:使用市售的TPU(BASF Elastollan 690A),使用注塑机(海天M600A型)注塑成2mm试片,模具粗糙度在0.02以下。在70℃烘箱中放置48h,测试样片表面是否脏污,若有明显脏污,则记录光泽度是否洁净,有无析出物。如有明显异物则记录为“有析出”或者“严重析出”;如表面洁净,则测试透光率,测试光泽度的仪器为英国Diffison,EEL-57D,测试参照标准为ASTM D1003。
通过以上试验测试与对比例进行比较可以看出,相比与常规的防粘脱模助剂,使用本专利所述的聚氨酯润滑剂具有防粘效果好,不析出,不影响聚氨酯产品透明性等优点,是聚氨酯润滑、防粘助剂的产业方向,极具市场价值。
以上所述具体实施例是对本发明精神所做的举例说明,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于聚氨酯弹性体或聚氨酯发泡材料在成型过程中脱模的聚氨酯润滑剂,其是由以下原料经反应制得:
1)含有至少二个官能度的异氰酸酯化合物;
2)含有活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物;
所述含有活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物分子量范围是70~2000g/mol,分别选自以下结构式中a和b的一种或二者的任意比例组合:
a.R1-X1
b.R2CONHR3-X2
X1基团选自羧基(-COOH),酰胺-CONH2中的一种;
X2基团选自羟基(-OH),胺基-NH2,羧基(-COOH),环氧基
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,酰胺-CONH2中的一种;
所述R1为4~32个碳原子数的饱和直链脂肪族基团,或为4~32个碳原子数且含有单一双键或非共轭二双键的不饱和直链脂肪族基团;
R2为饱和或含有单一双键的直链脂肪族基团,其中R2含有4~32个碳原子数;
R3为饱和直链脂肪族基团,R3含有1~16个碳原子数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,所述含有活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物或组合物分子量范围是为70~600 g/mol。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,X2基团选自羟基(-OH)或胺基-NH2的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,所述R1为含有16~26个碳原子数的饱和或不饱和直链脂肪族基团。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,所述R1为16~22个碳原子数的饱和或不饱和直链脂肪族基团。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,其中R2含有16~26个碳原子数。
7.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,R3含有1~12个碳原子数。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,组分1)与组分2)的用量使得异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1: 0.95~1: 1.2。
9.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,组分1)与组分2)的用量使得异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1: 0.99~1: 1.05。
10.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯化合物选自4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,1,4-二异氰酸酯基环己烷,环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,降冰片烷二异氰酸酯,甲基环己基二异氰酸酯,甲苯二异氰酸酯,二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯,萘二异氰酸酯,1,4-苯二异氰酸酯,苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,四甲基间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯,二甲基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,3,3’-二甲氧基联苯-4,4’-二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苯醚二异氰酸酯,4-甲基二苯基甲烷-3,4-二异氰酸酯,2,4’-二苯硫醚二异氰酸酯,二乙基苯二异氰酸酯和4,4’-二苯基乙烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯化合物选自二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苄基二异氰酸酯,1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯,对苯二异氰酸酯,甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体,甲苯二异氰酸酯与三羟甲基丙烷的加成物,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯三聚体,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯缩二脲,异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体,1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯与三羟甲基丙烷的加成物,环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体,三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯,二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯,L-赖氨酸三异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
12.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯润滑剂,其特征在于,结构式a的化合物选自山嵛酸、花生酸、硬脂酸、二十八烷酸中的一种或多种;
结构式b的化合物选自羟乙基硬脂酸酰胺、羟丁基山嵛酸酰胺、羟乙基棕榈酸酰胺、CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11CONH(CH2)4NH2中的一种或多种。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的聚氨酯润滑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
1)将所述异氰酸酯化合物、含有活泼氢基团的脂肪族化合物按配方量加入反应釜中,异氰酸根与活泼氢的摩尔比为1: 0.95~1: 1.2;
2)通入氮气置换反应釜中的空气,在50~180℃下搅拌反应;
3)抽真空脱除小分子化合物,控制NCO含量低于50ppm,冷却出料得到产物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的制备方法,其特征在于在搅拌反应过程中还加入反应淬灭剂来调节聚氨酯润滑剂的NCO含量,且在步骤3)中抽真空脱除小分子化合物和未反应的反应猝灭剂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其特征在于,反应猝灭剂为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇中的一种或多种。
16.根据权利要求15所述的制备方法,其中,反应猝灭剂的用量为相对于异氰酸酯化合物的0.5-5wt%。
17.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的聚氨酯润滑剂用于聚氨酯弹性体或聚氨酯发泡材料在成型过程中脱模的用途。
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