CN111213552A

CN111213552A - Method for restoring soil of abandoned mine

Info

Publication number: CN111213552A
Application number: CN202010053459.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高善峰; 陈优阔; 方燕; 张进
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-17
Filing date: 2020-01-17
Publication date: 2020-06-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for restoring abandoned mine soil, which comprises the following steps: trimming a mine dump, trimming the top of the mine dump into a platform area, and trimming the slope of the mine dump to a slope gradient of less than or equal to 45 ℃; deeply ploughing and airing the platform area twice; ploughing the platform area twice; repeatedly ploughing the platform area twice every 30-40 days until the earth surface vegetation coverage rate of the platform area exceeds 40%, then ploughing the platform once again, and burying biomass strips and bags into the soil again during ploughing; spraying fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds on the slope of the mine refuse dump; arranging a transitional vegetation hanging device at the joint of the platform area and the slope; a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks are hung in rows below the vegetation belt; and planting shrubs on the open land among the water-storing vegetation blocks in rows on the slope, and transplanting the shrubs in rows on the platform. The method can quickly recover the vegetation cover of the mine waste dump and effectively maintain water and soil, thereby avoiding natural disasters.

Description

Method for restoring soil of abandoned mine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation and ecological restoration, in particular to a method for restoring soil of a waste mine.

Background

The development and utilization of mine mineral resources effectively promote the development of national and local economy and society, but the mining of mines causes the serious damage to the environment near the mines, the ecological effect is poor, the rock surface of the mines is steep, all the mines are exposed, the local parts of the mines are unstable, the hidden dangers of geological disasters such as collapse and landslide exist, the hidden dangers are not coordinated with the surrounding landscape and the natural mountain, and the deterioration of the environment also brings serious influence to local people on safety, life and work. Because the landform of the abandoned mine is complex and the abandoned mine mainly has a bare steep slope and a broken stone beach, the culture medium can be gradually lost due to the erosion of rainwater on the culture medium which is manually attached to the rocks, and finally the greening engineering fails.

Therefore, a method for restoring soil of a waste mine is urgently needed to rapidly restore vegetation coverage of the waste mine and effectively maintain water and soil, so as to avoid natural disasters.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for restoring soil of abandoned mine, which can rapidly restore vegetation cover of abandoned mine and effectively maintain water and soil by modifying abandoned mine and improving soil structure, thereby avoiding natural disasters.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for restoring soil of a waste mine, comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a waste mine is trimmed, a platform area is built along contour lines at intervals of at least 30m from the top of a hillside of the waste mine to a mountain foot of the hillside, the integral gradient of a slope surface I between every two adjacent platform areas is less than or equal to 40 degrees, and at least one water storage tank is arranged on the platform area;

secondly, trimming the slope surface I into a trapezoidal structure, sequentially arranging at least one row of biomass strip bags on the trapezoidal structure along the length direction of a step surface of the trapezoidal structure, and then paving fermented and matured soil with grass seeds on the trapezoidal structure to form a slope surface II with the inclination of less than or equal to 40 degrees, wherein the paving thickness of the fermented and matured soil is less than or equal to 40 cm; wherein the content of the fermented decomposed fertilizer in the fermented decomposed soil is not more than 10 percent, and the biomass strip bag is a strip bag body of the fermented decomposed soil, which is coated with grass seeds by degradable materials;

step three, set up transition vegetation in the linking department of platform district and domatic II and hang and establish the device, the transition vegetation is hung and is established the device and includes:

the hanging rod comprises a pile rod, the pile rod is close to the joint on the platform area, the depth of the pile rod close to the vertical direction is at least 2m below the ground of the platform area, and the upper end of the pile rod is nearly flush with the ground of the platform area; the anchor rod is laid on the ground of the platform area, one end of the anchor rod is hinged with the upper end of the pile rod, and the other end of the anchor rod extends towards the joint; the plurality of hanging rods are sequentially arranged at the joint of the platform area and the slope;

the vegetation belt is a strip-shaped vegetation net and is transversely laid on the slope II below the joint of the platform area and the slope, and the upper edge of the vegetation belt is hung on the other ends of a plurality of anchor rods corresponding to a plurality of hanging rods which are sequentially arranged;

fourthly, hanging a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks which are approximately triangular in rows below the vegetation zone, wherein any water storage vegetation block is approximately triangular, the vertex angle of the approximately triangular structure faces upwards, the edges of two waists of the water storage vegetation block are bent into an arc shape towards the inside of the vegetation block, and the bottom edge of the water storage vegetation block is convexly arranged towards the lower side;

fifthly, a plurality of water permeating and guiding absorbent cotton slivers are arranged and extend outwards from the bottom of the water storage pool, and the other ends of the water permeating and guiding absorbent cotton slivers are distributed at the bottoms of the vegetation belts and the water storing vegetation blocks which are hung in rows and are nearly triangular; and

and sixthly, planting shrubs on the open land among a plurality of rows of water-storing vegetation blocks on the slope II after the transitional vegetation hanging device is arranged for 10-12 months.

Preferably, the fermented and decomposed soil comprises the following components in parts by weight:

15-20 parts of biomass waste, 1-3 parts of fermented and decomposed chicken manure, 3-5 parts of fermented and decomposed pig manure and 60-70 parts of cultivation soil; wherein the biomass waste is crop waste, weed and/or garden waste within 50 kilometers of the abandoned mine square and circle.

Preferably, the second step further includes: laying fermentation decomposed soil with grass seeds on the ground surface around a water storage tank of the platform area, wherein the laying thickness of the fermentation decomposed soil is less than or equal to 30 cm; after the coverage rate of the vegetation on the ground surface of the platform area exceeds 30 percent, regularly spraying a soil improvement strain culture solution on the platform area, wherein the content of the improvement strain in the soil improvement strain culture solution is at least 3 percent, and the improvement strain is one or a mixture of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria or azotobacter.

Preferably, the biomass strip bag has the following specifications: the length is 20-40cm, and the diameter of the cross section is less than 5 cm;

the shell of the degradable material is formed by compressing biomass waste, and a plurality of biomass strip bags are placed on the platform area in rows in advance before being laid.

Preferably, the grass seeds are mixed grass seeds of at least three grass seeds growing within 50 kilometers of the square circle of the abandoned mine, and the grass seeds in the mixed grass seeds are mixed in equal amount.

Preferably, the vegetation zone has the following specifications: the length is 10-20m, and the width is 2-3 m; the vegetation zone further comprises:

the bottom net is a net body I woven by straw ropes in a criss-cross mode, the side length of a grid of the net body I is less than 20cm, and the edge of the bottom net is fixed by biomass compression U-shaped nails or compression rivets;

the hanging rope transversely penetrates through the bottom net, one end of the hanging rope is tied to the other end of the anchor rod, the other end of the hanging rope extends downwards and extends to the bottom of the slope II through the water storage plant block to be fixed;

the vegetation layer is bound and fixed on the upper surface of the bottom net, the vegetation layer is a net body II formed by criss-cross biomass culture belts, the biomass culture belts are bead-shaped belt bodies formed by connecting a plurality of light biomass pots in series at intervals by non-woven fabrics, the plurality of light biomass pots distributed longitudinally and transversely are arranged in a staggered mode, and the plurality of light biomass pots are correspondingly embedded in grids of the net body I.

Preferably, a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and the vegetation belts are combined into a greening net I with a trapezoidal structure; a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and vegetation belts are combined to form an inverted triangular greening net II, wherein two sides of one greening net I are respectively provided with one greening net II to form a water storage and retention unit, a slope flow guide groove inclined relative to the slope II is formed between one greening net I and any adjacent greening net II, and the bottom of the slope flow guide groove is over against a water storage pool of a next stage platform area.

Preferably, the hanging method of the multiple water-storage vegetation blocks of the greening net I comprises the following steps:

the first row of at least five water storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged, the top corners of the at least five water storage vegetation blocks are hung on the lower edge of the vegetation belt, two bottom corners of the at least five water storage vegetation blocks are fixed on the slope surface through biomass compression rivets, and two adjacent bottom corners of two adjacent water storage vegetation blocks are overlapped and fixed by the same biomass compression rivet;

the second row of at least four water-storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged, the vertex angle of any one water-storage vegetation block is fixed at the overlapping position of two adjacent base angles of the first row, and two adjacent base angles of two adjacent water-storage vegetation blocks are overlapped and fixed by the same biomass compression rivet;

the third row of at least three water-storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged in the same way as the second row;

the fourth row of at least two water storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged in the same way as the second row;

the fifth row of at least one water storage vegetation block is arranged in sequence in a transverse mode in the same way as the second row;

the analogy is carried out until the slope is hung to the bottom of the slope II;

the hanging method of the multiple water storage vegetation blocks of the greening net II comprises the following specific steps:

a water storage vegetation block is arranged in the first row, the top angle of the water storage vegetation block is hung on the lower edge of the vegetation belt, and the bottom angle of the water storage vegetation block is fixed by a biomass compression rivet;

the two water storage vegetation blocks in the second row are sequentially and transversely arranged, and the top angle of any one water storage vegetation block is fixed on the bottom angle of one water storage vegetation block in the first row and is fixed by the same biomass compression rivet;

the third row of three water-storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged in the same way as the second row;

the fourth row of four water-storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged in the same way as the second row;

the fifth row of five water-storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged in the same way as the second row;

and the rest can be analogized until the slope surface II is hung at the bottom.

Preferably, the water-retaining vegetation block comprises:

the fixing net comprises a net body III, and the net body III is formed by criss-cross arrangement of straw ropes into a net structure which is approximately triangular; the hard frame is circumferentially and fixedly arranged on the edge of the reticular body III, the hard frame is prepared by wrapping fermented decomposed soil with drought-resistant grass seeds with degradable plastics, and the diameter of the cross section of the hard frame is less than 10 cm;

the bottom of the turf layer is a sheet structure prepared by wrapping nutrient soil with grass seeds by non-woven fabrics, and the sheet structure is fixed on the bottom net and is pre-cultured to grow the turf layer for later use; and

the water storage layer is of a nearly triangular structure matched with the structure of the reticular body III, is arranged on the lower surface of the fixing net, and gradually increases in thickness from the vertex angle of the water storage vegetation block to the bottom edge thereof, and the thickness of the water storage layer close to the bottom edge of the water storage layer is not more than 6 cm; and the through holes are uniformly distributed on the water storage layer, and the diameter of any through hole is at least 3 cm.

Preferably, the aquifer is made of sponge or absorbent cotton.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

at the initial stage of modification of abandoned mines, slope soil is loose, and natural disasters such as landslide or debris flow are easy to occur in rainy seasons, so that the vegetation coverage rate of the slope is quickly recovered by means of a transitional vegetation hanging device, and an engineering device is applied to assist in reinforcing a vegetation zone and a plurality of water-storing vegetation blocks covered on the slope, so that the vegetation coverage rate of the slope of at least 40% can be ensured to be completed by one construction; in addition, a plurality of pile rods in the hanging rod also play a role in cuttage and fixation on the hillside of the abandoned mine.

The greening net II is of an inverted triangular structure and is matched with the greening net I to form a slope surface flow guide groove, soil on the slope surface II is further specified while the exposed area of the slope surface II is reduced, and a saw-toothed structure is formed between the greening nets II arranged on two sides of one greening net I respectively, so that the complex integrating degree between artificial greening devices is improved, and the overall stability is improved; the bottom of the slope flow guide groove is over against the water storage tank of the next stage platform area, and in rainy season, an artificial slope flow guide groove is formed, so that redundant rainwater which cannot be received by the water storage tank flows into the water storage tank of the next stage platform area through the slope flow guide groove, and the water is conveniently provided for the next stage vegetation zone and the water storage vegetation blocks in dry season; the probability of surface runoff naturally forming can be effectively reduced, and the soil below the vegetation layer is prevented from being excessively washed.

In conclusion, the method for restoring the waste mine soil provided by the invention can quickly restore the vegetation coverage rate to be at least 91% within 1 year, effectively prevent the waste mine from serious water and soil loss and generate certain social and ecological benefits.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for remediating waste mine soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side view in longitudinal section of a slope surface ii of a abandoned mine according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a transitional vegetation hanging device arranged on a slope surface ii of the abandoned mine according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic elevation view of a vegetation band in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a section of the vegetation band;

figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water-retaining vegetation block according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a method for restoring soil of a waste mine, which comprises the following steps:

step one, finishing a waste mine, building a platform area 101 along contour lines at intervals of at least 30m from the top of a hillside of the waste mine to the mountain foot of the hillside, setting the integral gradient of a slope surface I between two adjacent platform areas to be less than or equal to 40 degrees, and arranging at least one water storage tank 1011 on the platform area; the water storage tank is used for storing water in rainy seasons and providing water sources for the vegetation belts and the water storage vegetation blocks;

secondly, trimming the slope surface I into a trapezoidal structure 1021, sequentially arranging at least one row of biomass strip bags on the trapezoidal structure along the length direction of a step surface of the trapezoidal structure, then paving fermented and matured soil with grass seeds on the trapezoidal structure to form a slope surface II with the inclination of less than or equal to 40 degrees, and paving the fermented and matured soil with the thickness of less than or equal to 40 cm; wherein the content of the fermented and decomposed fertilizer in the fermented and decomposed soil is not more than 10 percent, and the biomass strip bag is a strip bag body of the fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds and coated by degradable materials; at least one row of biomass strip bags are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the step surface of the trapezoidal structure, so that the grass seeds wrapped in the biomass strips have enough nutrition and moisture, germinate and grow, a certain vegetation coverage rate is ensured, and the structural stability of the covering soil layer is improved;

step three, set up transition vegetation in the platform district and the domatic II 102 junction and hang and establish device 20, transition vegetation hangs and establishes the device and includes:

the hanging rods 201 are arranged, each hanging rod is a bent rod body, each hanging rod comprises a pile rod 2011, the pile rod is close to the platform area at the joint, the pile rod is approximately vertically and deeply inserted 2m below the ground of the platform area, and the upper end of the pile rod is approximately flush with the ground of the platform area; the anchor rods 2012 are laid on the ground of the platform area, one end of each anchor rod is hinged with the upper end of the pile rod, and the other end of each anchor rod extends to the joint; the plurality of hanging rods are sequentially arranged at the joint of the platform area and the slope;

the vegetation belt 202 is a strip-shaped vegetation net and is transversely laid on the slope surface below the joint of the platform area and the slope surface, and the upper edge of the vegetation belt is hung on the other ends of a plurality of anchor rods corresponding to a plurality of hanging rods which are sequentially arranged;

fourthly, hanging a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks 203 which are nearly triangular in rows below the vegetation zone, wherein any water storage vegetation block is of a nearly triangular structure, the vertex angle of the nearly triangular structure faces upwards, the edges of two waists of the water storage vegetation block are bent into an arc shape towards the inside of the vegetation block, and the bottom edge of the water storage vegetation block is convexly arranged towards the lower side;

and sixthly, planting shrubs on the open land among a plurality of rows of water-storing vegetation blocks on the slope II after the transitional vegetation hanging device is arranged for 10-12 months. At the initial stage of reconstruction of abandoned mines, slope soil is loose, and natural disasters such as landslide or mud-rock flow are easy to occur in rainy seasons, so that the vegetation coverage rate of the slope is quickly recovered by means of a transitional vegetation hanging device, an engineering device is applied to assist in reinforcing a vegetation zone and a plurality of water-storage vegetation blocks covered on the slope, and the vegetation coverage rate of the slope is at least 40% after one construction; in addition, a plurality of pile rods in the hanging rod also play a role in cuttage and fixation on the hillside of the abandoned mine.

In a preferred scheme, the fermented and decomposed soil comprises the following components in parts by weight:

15-20 parts of biomass waste, 1-3 parts of fermented and decomposed chicken manure, 3-5 parts of fermented and decomposed pig manure and 60-70 parts of cultivation soil; wherein the biomass waste is crop waste, weed and/or garden waste within 50 kilometers of the abandoned mine square and circle. According to the local natural environment and the vegetation type distribution, proper biomass waste is provided for the fermented and decomposed soil, and nutrition required by vegetation recovery is provided for the surface of the abandoned mine by adding the fermented and decomposed soil.

In a preferred embodiment, the second step further includes: laying fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds on the ground surface around a water storage pool of the platform area, wherein the laying thickness of the fermented and decomposed soil is less than or equal to 30 cm; after the coverage rate of the earth surface vegetation of the platform area exceeds 30%, regularly spraying a soil improvement strain culture solution on the platform area, wherein the content of the improvement strain in the soil improvement strain culture solution is at least 3%, such as: the content of the improved strain is 3%, 4%, 5% or 6%, and the improved strain is one or a mixture of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria or nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The addition of the improved strain can improve the organic matter content in the soil with the upper depth of at least 20cm in the platform area, improve the distribution uniformity of the grass seeds, and increase the air permeability of the soil, so as to further promote the growth of the grass seeds and quickly recover the vegetation on the ground surface.

In a preferred embodiment, the biomass strip bag has the following specifications: the length is 20-40cm, and the diameter of the cross section is less than 5 cm;

the shell of the degradable material is formed by compressing biomass waste, and a plurality of biomass strip bags are placed on the platform area in rows in advance before being laid. The shell of the degradable material is formed by compressing biomass waste, and a plurality of biomass strip bags are placed on a platform area in rows in advance before being laid and covered with soil. The biomass waste can be weeds, rice straws, corn straws, garden leaves, dead branches and the like, is crushed and then is compressed at high temperature, and after the biomass waste is compressed into a cylindrical structure or a bagged structure, the fermented and decomposed soil containing grass seeds is filled into the biomass waste, and the biomass waste is sealed by degradable plastics for later use; in the process of laying and covering, the biomass strip bags are possibly damaged mechanically, but the fermented and decomposed soil containing grass seeds is not scattered in a large area, so that the grass seeds can still be in an environment with rich nutrition, and the rapid growth is realized.

In a preferred scheme, the grass seeds are mixed grass seeds of at least three grass seeds growing within 50 kilometers of the square circle of the abandoned mine, and the grass seeds in the mixed grass seeds are mixed in equal amount. Such as: the grass seeds can be at least three mixed grass seeds of tall fescue, ryegrass, bluegrass, white clover, bermudagrass, glume grass, red clover, alfalfa, teff grass, Sudan grass, red fescue, zoysia japonica or pennisetum sinese.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in a preferred embodiment, the vegetation zone has the following specifications: the length is 10-20m, and the width is 2-3 m; the vegetation zone further comprises:

the bottom net 2021 is a net body I woven by straw ropes in a criss-cross mode, the side length of the grid of the net body I is less than 20cm, and the edge of the bottom net is fixed by biomass compression U-shaped nails or compression rivets 2031;

a hanging rope 2022 transversely penetrates through the bottom net, one end of the hanging rope is tied to the other end of the anchor rod, the other end of the hanging rope extends downwards and extends to the bottom of the slope II through the water storage plant block to be fixed;

the vegetation layer 2023 is bound and fixed on the upper surface of the bottom net, the vegetation layer is a reticular body II formed by criss-cross biomass culture belts, the biomass culture belts are beaded belt bodies formed by connecting a plurality of light biomass pots 2023-2 in series at intervals by non-woven fabrics 2023-1, the plurality of light biomass pots distributed longitudinally and transversely are arranged in a staggered mode, and the plurality of light biomass pots are correspondingly embedded and distributed in grids of the reticular body I. The net-shaped body I woven by the straw ropes is light in weight and easy to hang and fix, and can provide a net-shaped supporting structure for the vegetation belt on one hand and absorb certain moisture on the other hand so as to keep the wetting below the vegetation belt and assist in keeping water and soil; hang and establish the rope on the one hand and be used for hanging and establish the vegetation area, on the other hand is used for fixed retaining vegetation piece, keeps the wholeness in retaining vegetation piece and vegetation area in a certain time, plays to domatic cover, fixed effect. After the vegetation on the vegetation layer is rooted on the slope II and the soil is effectively fixed, the bottom net woven by the straw ropes and the root of the vegetation layer are combined into a more fastened net shape, so that the soil body of the slope II is further reinforced, and a stable structure is formed. At the moment, the straw ropes are used as organic matters and can be decomposed and fermented by beneficial bacteria and the like in the soil, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for the soil, and the environment is not polluted.

As shown in fig. 3, in a preferred scheme, a plurality of water-storage vegetation blocks and vegetation belts are combined into a greening net I with a trapezoidal structure; the greening net I is of a trapezoidal structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, can effectively contain water for plant growth, and reduces water and soil loss; a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and vegetation belts are combined to form an inverted triangular greening net II, wherein two sides of one greening net I are respectively provided with one greening net II to form a water storage and retention unit, a slope flow guide groove 1022 inclined relative to a slope II is formed between one greening net I and any adjacent greening net II, and the bottom of the slope flow guide groove is over against a water storage pond of a next stage platform area. The greening net II is of an inverted triangular structure and is matched with the greening net I to form a slope flow guide groove, the exposed area of the slope II is reduced, meanwhile, soil on the slope II is further specified, and a saw-toothed structure is formed between the greening nets II arranged on two sides of one greening net I respectively, so that the complex integrating degree between artificial greening devices is improved, and the overall stability is improved; the bottom of the slope flow guide groove is over against the water storage tank of the next stage platform area, and in rainy season, an artificial slope flow guide groove is formed, so that redundant rainwater which cannot be received by the water storage tank flows into the water storage tank of the next stage platform area through the slope flow guide groove, and the water is conveniently provided for the next stage vegetation zone and the water storage vegetation blocks in dry season; the probability of surface runoff naturally forming can be effectively reduced, and the soil below the vegetation layer is prevented from being excessively washed.

As shown in fig. 3, in a preferred embodiment, the method for hanging a plurality of water-storing vegetation blocks of the greening net i specifically comprises the following steps:

the first row of at least five water storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged, the top corners of the at least five water storage vegetation blocks are hung on the lower edge of the vegetation belt, two bottom corners of the at least five water storage vegetation blocks are fixed on the slope surface through biomass compression rivets, and two adjacent bottom corners of two adjacent water storage vegetation blocks are overlapped and fixed by the same biomass compression rivet 2031;

As shown in fig. 6, in a preferred embodiment, the water-retaining vegetation block comprises:

the fixing net 2032 comprises a net body III, and the net body III is formed by criss-cross crossing of straw ropes into a net structure which is nearly triangular as a whole; the hard frame is circumferentially and fixedly arranged on the edge of the reticular body III, the hard frame is prepared by wrapping fermented decomposed soil with drought-resistant grass seeds with degradable plastics, and the diameter of the cross section of the hard frame is less than 10 cm; the thickness can be set to be 3cm, 4cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm or 9cm according to actual needs;

a turf layer 2033, the bottom of which is a sheet structure prepared by wrapping nutrient soil with grass seeds with non-woven fabrics, the sheet structure is fixed on the bottom net, and the turf layer is pre-cultivated for later use; and

the water storage layer 2034 is of a nearly triangular structure matched with the structure of the reticular body III, is arranged on the lower surface of the fixing net, gradually increases in thickness from the vertex angle of the water storage vegetation block to the bottom edge thereof, and does not exceed 6cm in thickness close to the bottom edge of the water storage layer; the through holes are uniformly distributed on the water storage layer and used for improving the air permeability and the root penetration of the water storage layer, and the diameter of any through hole is at least 3 cm. The water storage layer is gradually thickened from top to bottom, so that the water can be effectively intercepted, and the water and soil can be kept.

In a preferred scheme, the water storage layer is made of sponge materials or absorbent cotton materials.

Example 1

The invention provides a method for restoring abandoned mine soil, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a waste mine is trimmed, a platform area is built along contour lines from the top of a hillside of the waste mine to a mountain foot of the hillside of the waste mine at intervals of 30m, the integral gradient of a slope surface I between every two adjacent platform areas is 35-40 degrees, and at least one water storage tank is arranged on the platform area; the water storage tank is used for storing water in rainy seasons and providing water sources for the vegetation belts and the water storage vegetation blocks;

secondly, trimming the slope surface I into a trapezoidal structure, sequentially arranging at least one row of biomass strip bags on the trapezoidal structure along the length direction of a step surface of the trapezoidal structure, and then paving fermented and matured soil with grass seeds on the trapezoidal structure to form a slope surface II with the inclination of 35-40 degrees, wherein the paving thickness of the fermented and matured soil is 30-40 cm; wherein the content of the fermented and decomposed fertilizer in the fermented and decomposed soil is 10 percent, and the biomass strip bag is a strip bag body of the fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds and coated by degradable materials; at least one row of biomass strip bags are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the step surface of the trapezoidal structure, so that the grass seeds wrapped in the biomass strips have enough nutrition and moisture, germinate and grow, a certain vegetation coverage rate is ensured, and the structural stability of the covering soil layer is improved;

the fermented and decomposed soil comprises the following components in parts by weight:

wherein, 15 parts of biomass waste, 3 parts of fermented and decomposed chicken manure, 5 parts of fermented and decomposed pig manure and 60 parts of cultivation soil; wherein the biomass waste is crop waste, weed and/or garden waste within 50 kilometers of the abandoned mine square and circle. According to local natural environment and vegetation type distribution, proper biomass waste is provided for fermented decomposed soil, and nutrition required by vegetation recovery is provided for the surface of the abandoned mine by adding the fermented decomposed soil;

the specification of the biomass strip bag is as follows: the length is 40cm, and the diameter of the cross section is 3 cm;

the shell of the degradable material is formed by compressing biomass waste, and a plurality of biomass strip bags are placed on a platform area in rows in advance before being laid;

laying fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds on the ground surface around a water storage pool of the platform area, wherein the laying thickness of the fermented and decomposed soil is 30 cm; after the coverage rate of the earth surface vegetation of the platform area exceeds 30%, regularly spraying a soil improvement strain culture solution in the platform area, wherein the content of the improvement strain in the soil improvement strain culture solution is 6%, the improvement strain is a mixed strain of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and azotobacter, and the number of the bacillus, the photosynthetic bacteria and the azotobacter is 1: 1: 1. the addition of the improved strain can improve the organic matter content in the soil with the upper depth of at least 20cm in the platform area, improve the distribution uniformity of the grass seeds and increase the air permeability of the soil so as to further promote the growth of the grass seeds and quickly recover the vegetation on the ground surface;

the grass seeds are mixed grass seeds of at least three grass species which grow within 50 kilometers of the abandoned mine circumference, and the grass species in the mixed grass seeds are mixed in equal amount. Such as: the grass seeds can be four equal-amount mixed grass seeds of bermuda grass, glume clippings, red clover and alfalfa;

the hanging rod comprises a pile rod, the pile rod is close to the joint of the platform area, the depth of the pile rod is nearly vertical to the ground of the platform area and is 3m below the ground, and the upper end of the pile rod is nearly flush with the ground of the platform area; the anchor rod is laid on the ground of the platform area, one end of the anchor rod is hinged with the upper end of the pile rod, and the other end of the anchor rod extends towards the joint; the plurality of hanging rods are sequentially arranged at the joint of the platform area and the slope surface;

the vegetation belt is a strip-shaped vegetation net and is transversely laid on the slope II below the joint of the platform area and the slope, and the upper edge of the vegetation belt is hung on the other ends of a plurality of anchor rods corresponding to a plurality of hanging rods which are sequentially arranged; the specification of the vegetation zone is as follows: the length is 10m, and the width is 2 m; the vegetation zone further comprises:

the bottom net is a net-shaped body I woven by straw ropes in a criss-cross mode, the side length of a grid of the net-shaped body I is 15cm, and the edge of the bottom net is fixed by biomass compression U-shaped nails or compression rivets;

the vegetation layer is bound and fixed on the upper surface of the bottom net and is a reticular body II formed by criss-cross biomass culture belts, the biomass culture belts are bead-shaped belt bodies formed by connecting a plurality of light biomass pots in series at intervals by non-woven fabrics, the plurality of light biomass pots distributed longitudinally and transversely are arranged in a staggered manner, and the plurality of light biomass pots are correspondingly embedded and distributed in grids of the reticular body I;

and step six, after the transitional vegetation hanging device is arranged for 10 months, shrubs are planted on the open land among the water storage vegetation blocks in rows on the slope II. At the initial stage of modification of abandoned mines, slope soil is loose, and natural disasters such as landslide or debris flow are easy to occur in rainy seasons, so that the vegetation coverage rate of the slope is quickly recovered by means of a transitional vegetation hanging device, an engineering device is applied to assist in reinforcing a vegetation zone and a plurality of water-storage vegetation blocks covered on the slope, and the vegetation coverage rate of the slope of at least 40% can be guaranteed to be completed by one-time construction; in addition, the pile rods in the plurality of hanging rods play a role in cuttage and fixation on the hillsides of the abandoned mine. A plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and a vegetation belt are combined into a greening net I with a trapezoidal structure; the greening net I is of a trapezoidal structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, can effectively contain water for plant growth, and reduces water and soil loss; a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and vegetation belts are combined to form an inverted triangular greening net II, wherein two sides of one greening net I are respectively provided with one greening net II to form a water storage and retention unit, a slope flow guide groove inclined relative to a slope II is formed between one greening net I and any adjacent greening net II, and the bottom of the slope flow guide groove is over against a water storage pool of a next stage platform area.

The hanging method of the multiple water storage vegetation blocks of the greening net I comprises the following specific steps:

The retaining vegetation piece includes:

the fixing net comprises a net body III, and the net body III is formed by criss-cross arrangement of straw ropes into a net structure which is approximately triangular; the hard frame is circumferentially and fixedly arranged on the edge of the reticular body III, the hard frame is prepared by wrapping fermented decomposed soil with drought-resistant grass seeds with degradable plastics, and the diameter of the cross section of the hard frame is 3-4 cm;

the water storage layer is of a nearly triangular structure matched with the structure of the reticular body III, is arranged on the lower surface of the fixing net, and gradually increases in thickness from the vertex angle of the water storage vegetation block to the bottom edge thereof, and the thickness of the water storage layer close to the bottom edge of the water storage layer is 6 cm; the through holes are uniformly distributed on the water storage layer and used for improving the air permeability and the root penetration of the water storage layer, and the aperture of any through hole is 3 cm. The water storage layer is gradually thickened from top to bottom, so that the water can be effectively intercepted, and the water and soil can be kept.

The water storage layer is made of sponge or absorbent cotton.

Example 2

the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a waste mine is trimmed, a platform area is built along contour lines at intervals of 40m from the top of a hillside of the waste mine to a mountain foot of the hillside, the integral gradient of a slope surface I between every two adjacent platform areas is 32-35 degrees, and at least one water storage tank is arranged on the platform area; the water storage tank is used for storing water in rainy seasons and providing water sources for the vegetation belts and the water storage vegetation blocks;

secondly, trimming the slope surface I into a trapezoidal structure, sequentially arranging at least one row of biomass strip bags on the trapezoidal structure along the length direction of a step surface of the trapezoidal structure, and then paving fermented and matured soil with grass seeds on the trapezoidal structure to form a slope surface II with the inclination of 32-35 degrees, wherein the paving thickness of the fermented and matured soil is 33-37 cm; wherein the content of the fermented and decomposed fertilizer in the fermented and decomposed soil is 4 percent, and the biomass strip bag is a strip bag body of the fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds and coated by degradable materials; at least one row of biomass strip bags are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the step surface of the trapezoidal structure, so that the grass seeds wrapped in the biomass strips have enough nutrition and moisture, germinate and grow, a certain vegetation coverage rate is ensured, and the structural stability of the covering soil layer is improved;

wherein, the biomass waste comprises 20 parts of biomass waste, 1 part of fermented and decomposed chicken manure, 3 parts of fermented and decomposed pig manure and 70 parts of cultivation soil; wherein the biomass waste is crop waste, weed and/or garden waste within 50 kilometers of the abandoned mine square and circle. According to local natural environment and vegetation type distribution, proper biomass waste is provided for fermented decomposed soil, and nutrition required by vegetation recovery is provided for the surface of the abandoned mine by adding the fermented decomposed soil;

the specification of the biomass strip bag is as follows: the length is 40cm, and the diameter of the cross section is 4 cm;

laying fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds on the ground surface around a water storage pool of the platform area, wherein the laying thickness of the fermented and decomposed soil is 20 cm; after the ground vegetation coverage rate of the platform area exceeds 30%, regularly spraying a soil improvement strain culture solution on the platform area, wherein the content of the improvement strain in the soil improvement strain culture solution is 3%, and the improvement strain is equal-amount mixed bacteria of bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The addition of the improved strain can improve the organic matter content in the soil with the upper depth of at least 20cm in the platform area, improve the distribution uniformity of the grass seeds and increase the air permeability of the soil so as to further promote the growth of the grass seeds and quickly recover the vegetation on the ground surface;

the grass seeds are mixed grass seeds of at least three grass species which grow within 50 kilometers of the abandoned mine circumference, and the grass species in the mixed grass seeds are mixed in equal amount. Such as: the grass seeds can be equal amount of mixed grass seeds of tall fescue, bermuda grass, red clover, alfalfa, zoysia japonica or pennisetum sinese;

the hanging rod comprises a pile rod, the pile rod is close to the joint on the platform area, the depth of the pile rod is nearly vertical to the ground surface of the platform area and is 4m below the ground surface of the platform area, and the upper end of the pile rod is nearly flush with the ground surface of the platform area; the anchor rod is laid on the ground of the platform area, one end of the anchor rod is hinged with the upper end of the pile rod, and the other end of the anchor rod extends towards the joint; the plurality of hanging rods are sequentially arranged at the joint of the platform area and the slope surface;

the vegetation belt is a strip-shaped vegetation net and is transversely laid on the slope II below the joint of the platform area and the slope, and the upper edge of the vegetation belt is hung on the other ends of a plurality of anchor rods corresponding to a plurality of hanging rods which are sequentially arranged; the specification of the vegetation zone is as follows: the length is 20m, and the width is 3 m; the vegetation zone further comprises:

the bottom net is a net body I woven by straw ropes in a criss-cross mode, the side length of a grid of the net body I is 10cm, and the edge of the bottom net is fixed by biomass compression U-shaped nails or compression rivets;

and sixthly, planting shrubs on the open land among the rows of water-storage vegetation blocks on the slope II after the transitional vegetation hanging device is arranged for 12 months. At the initial stage of modification of abandoned mines, slope soil is loose, and natural disasters such as landslide or debris flow are easy to occur in rainy seasons, so that the vegetation coverage rate of the slope is quickly recovered by means of a transitional vegetation hanging device, an engineering device is applied to assist in reinforcing a vegetation zone and a plurality of water-storage vegetation blocks covered on the slope, and the vegetation coverage rate of the slope of at least 40% can be guaranteed to be completed by one-time construction; in addition, the pile rods in the plurality of hanging rods play a role in cuttage and fixation on the hillsides of the abandoned mine. A plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and a vegetation belt are combined into a greening net I with a trapezoidal structure; the greening net I is of a trapezoidal structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, can effectively contain water for plant growth, and reduces water and soil loss; a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and vegetation belts are combined to form an inverted triangular greening net II, wherein two sides of one greening net I are respectively provided with one greening net II to form a water storage and retention unit, a slope flow guide groove inclined relative to a slope II is formed between one greening net I and any adjacent greening net II, and the bottom of the slope flow guide groove is over against a water storage pool of a next stage platform area.

The retaining vegetation piece includes:

the fixing net comprises a net body III, and the net body III is formed by criss-cross arrangement of straw ropes into a net structure which is approximately triangular; the hard frame is circumferentially and fixedly arranged on the edge of the reticular body III, the hard frame is prepared by wrapping fermented decomposed soil with drought-resistant grass seeds with degradable plastics, and the diameter of the cross section of the hard frame is 6-7 cm;

the water storage layer is of a nearly triangular structure matched with the structure of the reticular body III, is arranged on the lower surface of the fixing net, and gradually increases in thickness from the vertex angle of the water storage vegetation block to the bottom edge thereof, and the thickness of the water storage layer close to the bottom edge of the water storage layer is not more than 6 cm; the through holes are uniformly distributed on the water storage layer and used for improving the air permeability and the root penetration of the water storage layer, and the diameter of any through hole is at least 3 cm. The water storage layer is gradually thickened from top to bottom, so that the water can be effectively intercepted, and the water and soil can be kept.

The water storage layer is made of sponge or absorbent cotton.

By applying the method of the invention, an experimental group 1 (example 1) and an experimental group 2 (example 2) are arranged on the south slope surface of the same abandoned mine, and a control group 1 and a control group 2 which only spray the same amount of decomposed soil with grass seeds are arranged at the same time, and the specific results are shown in the following table 1:

table 1:

remarking:

1. the evaluation standard of the runoff erosion resistance is specifically as follows:

and (3) excellent: the surface runoff area is less than 5% of the area of a treatment area (a mine refuse dump platform area or a slope);

good: the surface runoff area exceeds 20% of the area of the treatment area;

difference: the surface flow area exceeds 40% of the area of the treatment area.

The same area was set up in the same platform area of the same abandoned mine as in experimental group 3 (example 1) and experimental group 4 (example 2), while the same area was also defined to be sprayed with the same amount of decomposed soil with grass seeds as in control group 3 and control group 4, with the following specific results as in table 2:

table 2:

in conclusion, the method for restoring the waste mine soil provided by the invention can quickly restore the vegetation coverage rate to be at least 91% within 1 year, effectively prevent the mine waste dump from serious water and soil loss and generate certain social and ecological benefits.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is thus not limited to the details given herein and to the illustrations shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The method for restoring the soil of the abandoned mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

secondly, trimming the slope I into a trapezoidal structure, sequentially arranging at least one row of biomass strip bags on the trapezoidal structure along the length direction of a step surface of the trapezoidal structure, then paving fermented and matured soil with grass seeds on the trapezoidal structure to form a slope II with the inclination of less than or equal to 40 degrees, and paving the fermented and matured soil with the thickness of less than or equal to 40 cm; wherein the content of the fermented and decomposed fertilizer in the fermented and decomposed soil is not more than 10 percent, and the biomass strip bag is a strip bag body of the fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds and coated by degradable materials;

the hanging rod comprises a pile rod, the pile rod is close to the joint on the platform area, the depth of the pile rod close to the vertical direction is at least 2m below the ground of the platform area, and the upper end of the pile rod is nearly flush with the ground of the platform area; the anchor rod is laid on the ground of the platform area, one end of the anchor rod is hinged with the upper end of the pile rod, and the other end of the anchor rod extends towards the joint; the plurality of hanging rods are sequentially arranged at the joint of the platform area and the slope surface;

the vegetation belt is a strip-shaped vegetation net and is transversely laid on the slope II below the joint of the platform area and the slope, and the upper edge of the vegetation belt is hung on the other ends of a plurality of anchor rods corresponding to a plurality of hanging rods which are sequentially arranged; fourthly, hanging a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks which are approximately triangular in rows below the vegetation zone, wherein any water storage vegetation block is approximately triangular, the vertex angle of the approximately triangular structure faces upwards, the edges of two waists of the water storage vegetation blocks are bent into an arc shape towards the inside of the vegetation block, and the bottom edge of the water storage vegetation block is convexly arranged towards the lower side; fifthly, a plurality of water permeating and guiding absorbent cotton slivers are arranged and extend outwards from the bottom of the water storage pool, and the other ends of the water permeating and guiding absorbent cotton slivers are distributed at the bottoms of the vegetation belts and the water storing vegetation blocks which are hung in rows and are nearly triangular; and

and sixthly, planting shrubs on the open lands among the rows of water-storing vegetation blocks on the slope II after the transitional vegetation hanging device is arranged for 10-12 months.

2. The method for remediating waste mine soil as recited in claim 1, wherein the fermented, decomposed soil comprises the following components in parts by weight:

3. The method for remediating waste mine soil as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second step further comprises: laying fermented and decomposed soil with grass seeds on the ground surface around a water storage pool of the platform area, wherein the laying thickness of the fermented and decomposed soil is less than or equal to 30 cm; after the coverage rate of the vegetation on the ground surface of the platform area exceeds 30%, regularly spraying a soil improvement strain culture solution on the platform area, wherein the content of the improvement strain in the soil improvement strain culture solution is at least 3%, and the improvement strain is one or a mixture of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria or azotobacter.

4. The method for remediating waste mine soil as set forth in claim 3, wherein the biomass strip bag has a specification of: the length is 20-40cm, and the diameter of the cross section is less than 5 cm;

5. The method for remedying the soil of a waste mine according to claim 1, wherein the grass seeds are mixed grass seeds of at least three grass seeds which grow within 50 km of the circumference of the waste mine, and the grass seeds are mixed in equal amounts.

6. The method of remediating waste mine soil as set forth in claim 1, wherein the vegetation zone has a specification of: the length is 10-20m, and the width is 2-3 m; the vegetation zone further comprises:

the vegetation layer is bound and fixed on the upper surface of the bottom net and is a reticular body II formed by criss-cross biomass culture belts, the biomass culture belts are bead-shaped belt bodies formed by connecting a plurality of light biomass pots in series at intervals by non-woven fabrics, the plurality of light biomass pots distributed longitudinally and transversely are arranged in a staggered mode, and the plurality of light biomass pots are correspondingly embedded in grids of the reticular body I.

7. The method for remedying the soil of a waste mine according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of water-retaining vegetation blocks and the vegetation zone form a greening net i having a trapezoidal structure; a plurality of water storage vegetation blocks and vegetation belts are combined to form an inverted triangular greening net II, wherein two sides of one greening net I are respectively provided with one greening net II to form a water storage and retention unit, a slope flow guide groove inclined relative to a slope II is formed between one greening net I and any adjacent greening net II, and the bottom of the slope flow guide groove is over against a water storage pool of a next stage platform area.

8. The method for remedying the waste mine soil according to claim 7, wherein the method for hanging the plurality of water-retaining vegetation blocks of the greening net I comprises:

the first row of at least five water-storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged, the vertex angles of the at least five water-storage vegetation blocks are hung on the lower edge of the vegetation belt, two bottom angles of the at least five water-storage vegetation blocks are fixed on a slope surface through biomass compression rivets, and two adjacent bottom angles of two adjacent water-storage vegetation blocks are overlapped and fixed by the same biomass compression rivet;

the second row of at least four water storage vegetation blocks are sequentially and transversely arranged, the top angle of any one water storage vegetation block is fixed at the overlapping position of two adjacent bottom angles of the first row, and two adjacent bottom angles of two adjacent water storage vegetation blocks are overlapped and fixed by the same biomass compression rivet;

9. The method of remediating waste mine soil as set forth in claim 8, wherein the water-retaining vegetation blocks comprise:

10. The method of remediating waste mine soil as recited in claim 1, wherein the aquifer is sponge or absorbent cotton.