CN111187119A - Leaf fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Leaf fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN111187119A CN111187119A CN202010182747.9A CN202010182747A CN111187119A CN 111187119 A CN111187119 A CN 111187119A CN 202010182747 A CN202010182747 A CN 202010182747A CN 111187119 A CN111187119 A CN 111187119A
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- flue
- cured tobacco
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a foliar fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight and volume: 0.2-0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1-0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.25-0.5kg/L fish protein. According to the technical scheme, after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the flue-cured tobacco, the growth of the flue-cured tobacco can be promoted, the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco is improved, the control effect is obvious, and the foliar fertilizer has important significance for improving the yield value and the economic benefit of the flue-cured tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a foliar fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco.
Background
The flue-cured tobacco is a typical leaf-used economic crop, the improvement of the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco is particularly important, the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco needs to pay attention to nutrition balance, and the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco not only affects the growth and physiology of the flue-cured tobacco, but also affects the quality of the flue-cured tobacco. The foliar fertilizer has become an indispensable technical measure in agricultural production due to the characteristics of fast nutrient absorption, good fertilizer efficiency, strong pertinence, high utilization rate, simple and convenient application method and the like, and the main function of spraying the foliar fertilizer is to maintain the nutrient balance of crops through foliar nutrition and realize the purposes of increasing yield and guaranteeing quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a foliar fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco, which aims to improve the field growth condition of the flue-cured tobacco and the specific functions of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and provides technical support for producing the flue-cured tobacco with high quality, high yield and high safety.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a foliar fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following components by weight and volume ratio: 0.2-0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1-0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.25-0.5kg/L fish protein.
Further, the leaf fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.5kg/L fish protein.
Further, the leaf fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.25kg/L fish protein.
Further, the leaf fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.25kg/L fish protein.
Further, the leaf fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.5kg/L fish protein.
The wood vinegar comprises the following components: the content of acetic acid was 10.0g/L, the content of crotonic acid was 22.0g/L, the content of butyric acid was 16.0g/L, the content of guaiacol was 1.20g/L, the content of pyridine was 9.90g/L, the content of phenol was 2.98g/L, and the balance was water.
The pH value of the fish protein is 6-7, and the fish protein consists of the fish protein, a microbial agent, the balance of water and impurities;
the content of the fish protein is more than 86 percent, wherein the content of the small molecular peptide is more than 80 percent;
the microbial agent consists of microbial bacteria with the functions of promoting growth, nourishing and resisting diseases, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 400 hundred million/g.
The fish protein comprises 2.1 percent of organic nitrogen, 1.1 percent of organic phosphorus, 51 percent of hydrolyzed amino acid and 8 percent of free amino acid by weight percentage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the technical scheme, after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the flue-cured tobacco, the growth of the flue-cured tobacco can be promoted, the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco is improved, the control effect is obvious, and the foliar fertilizer has important significance for improving the yield value and the economic benefit of the flue-cured tobacco.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by examples, and the following examples are only exemplary and can be used only for explaining and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but not construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
The technical scheme provides the foliar fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco, the foliar fertilizer can improve the field growth condition of the flue-cured tobacco and the specific function of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and provides technical support for producing the flue-cured tobacco with high quality, high yield and high safety.
According to the technical scheme, the influence of the foliar fertilizer on the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco and the field growth condition of the flue-cured tobacco is researched by spraying the mixed foliar fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate, pyroligneous liquor, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and fish protein, so that a certain basis is provided for determining the foliar fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco and producing high-quality flue-cured tobacco.
In the technical scheme, potassium is one of the most abundant main nutrient elements in a plant body, can promote the synthesis of plant protein, the transportation of assimilation products in the plant body and energy conversion, increase the stress resistance and the resistance to diseases and insect pests of the plant, and can influence the activity of related enzymes in phenol metabolism, wherein the activities of defensive enzymes such as Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Peroxidase (POD) are positively correlated with the disease resistance of the plant, and play an important role in maintaining the high yield and high quality of the plant.
The wood vinegar is a kind of precipitated wood tar obtained by dry distillation and clarification separation of wood, and the appearance is a reddish brown liquid. The main component of the wood vinegar is water, the content of acid substances serving as characteristic components is high, and in addition, the wood vinegar also contains various organic compounds such as phenol, alcohol, furan substances, nitrogenous alkali substances and the like, and a large amount of trace elements and organic components which are beneficial to the growth of crops. Researches in recent years find that the wood vinegar can be used as a plant growth regulator, has the effects of improving the quality of crops, improving soil and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and can play the roles of promoting photosynthesis, accelerating the growth of leaves, slowing down the senescence of the leaves and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by spraying the wood vinegar on the leaf surfaces.
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-protein amino acid widely existing in organisms, ALA can regulate plant photosynthesis and respiration, can increase absorption, utilization and conversion of soil mineral elements by crop root systems, improve crop physiological activity, promote plant growth, color fruits, increase crop yield and the like. In the application of tobacco, research shows that ALA can improve the cold resistance and drought resistance of tobacco, and can promote the chlorophyll and specific leaf weight of plant leaves to be improved, thereby regulating the growth of tobacco and improving the yield.
The fish protein is prepared by selecting deep-sea wild fish as a raw material, crushing at low temperature and high pressure, and then carrying out biological enzymolysis, contains a large amount of natural active substances which can be absorbed by plants, is matched with a growth-promoting, nutritional and disease-resistant functional microbial agent, can activate the physiological function of the crops, increase the immune and stress resistance of the crops, and simultaneously can activate the physiological function, enhance photosynthesis, promote the robustness of the plants, and obviously increase protein and sugar in the plants, thereby improving the yield, improving the quality, achieving the effects of increasing the yield, improving the quality, improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and the like.
The experiment of this example was carried out in a scientific and technological park, baofeng county, mountain, at the flat top, in Henan province, with the variety of Zhongyan 100, and the experiment was conducted in a random block design in a small area.
Adopt single factor test design, a promotion flue-cured tobacco leaf fertilizer that turns yellow, different 5 processings that set up, repeat 3 times:
control group (CK for short): blank control was tested by dispensing an equal amount of clear water.
Example 1 (abbreviation T1): 0.2kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 0.5kg/L fish protein.
Example 2 (abbreviation T2): 0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 0.25kg/L fish protein.
Example 3 (abbreviation T3): 0.2kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 0.25kg/L fish protein.
Example 4 (abbreviation T4): 0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 0.5kg/L fish protein.
The main components of the pyroligneous liquor are that the acetic acid content is 10.0g/L, the crotonic acid is 22.0g/L, the butyric acid is 16.0g/L, the guaiacol is 1.20g/L, the pyridine is 9.90g/L, the phenol is 2.98g/L, and the balance is water.
The fish protein has pH of 6-7, and comprises fish protein, microbial agent, and water and impurities.
The content of the fish protein is more than 86% by weight, wherein the content of the small molecular peptide is more than 80%.
The microbial agent consists of microbial bacteria with the functions of promoting growth, nourishing and resisting diseases, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 400 hundred million/g.
The fish protein contains organic nitrogen 2.1 wt%, organic phosphorus 1.1 wt%, hydrolyzed amino acid 51 wt% and free amino acid 8 wt%.
The application method of the foliar fertilizer is to carry out foliar spraying for 1 time in the transplanting period, the rooting period, the vigorous growth period and the topping period respectively, and the front and back surfaces of the leaves are uniformly sprayed during spraying, so that the spraying amount of each treatment is basically consistent.
The foliar fertilizer provided by the invention is sprayed in the evening of a sunny day, and the flue-cured tobacco has a better absorption and utilization effect on the foliar fertilizer.
The spraying concentration is 250ml for each mu, and the regulator is added with 50L of water for use.
And (3) agricultural character survey of the flue-cured tobacco field: after transplanting, the height, stem circumference, maximum leaf length and width and effective leaf number of the flue-cured tobacco processed in each period (5 plants processed) are investigated in a group-growing period, a vigorous growing period, a topping period and plant setting.
The disease conditions of tobacco virus disease, black shank disease and brown spot disease are investigated by each cell in a fixed strain before treatment, and the investigation is carried out once in a vigorous growth. Adopting a diagonal line 5-point plant positioning method, setting 10 plants per point, and surveying the incidence of the alternaria alternate with leaves as a unit; the tobacco virus disease and the black shank disease are investigated at fixed points by taking the plants as units, and 40 plants are investigated at each point in a forward-going and plant-fixing way; recording the number of the tobacco plants with the disease and the grade of the disease, and calculating the disease incidence and disease index of the tobacco plants and the relative prevention and treatment effect. Grading the disease condition according to a grading standard, wherein the disease incidence rate is the number of diseased plants/the total investigated plants multiplied by 100 percent; disease index ═ Σ (number of diseased plants at each stage × the disease level value)/(total number of investigated plants × highest disease level) × 100%; relative control effect is [ (control disease index-treatment disease index)/control disease index ] × 100%.
The results in table 1 show that the height of the flue-cured tobacco plant sprayed with foliar fertilizer in the stem growing period, the vigorous growing period and the topping period is higher than that of the control CK, wherein T4 has the best performance, and is increased by 10.83% compared with the control CK in the topping period; the flue-cured tobacco stem girdling in the stem-growing period, the vigorous growing period and the topping period integrally shows that: t3 > T2 > T4 > T1 > CK; the growth of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the agglomeration period, the vigorous growth period and the topping period is higher than that of a control CK when foliage fertilizers are sprayed, wherein the T4 in the vigorous growth period is best, the T3 in the topping period is best, and the growth of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the agglomeration period, the vigorous growth period and the topping period are respectively improved by 8.05 percent and 9.08 percent relative to the control CK; the leaf width of the flue-cured tobacco is higher than that of a control CK when foliage fertilizers are sprayed in the agglomeration period, the vigorous growth period and the topping period, wherein the vigorous growth period T4 is best in performance, the topping period T3 is best in performance, and the leaf width of the flue-cured tobacco is respectively improved by 13.3% and 10.31% of that of the control CK; the whole difference of the number of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is not great.
TABLE 1 Effect of different foliar fertilizer applications on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco
The results in table 2 show that the spraying of the foliar fertilizer on the flue-cured tobacco has significant effects on the prevention and treatment of tobacco virus diseases, the effect of each treatment on the incidence of the virus diseases is significant, and the overall expression is as follows: t3 is more than T1 and more than T4 and more than T2 and less than CK, wherein the incidence rate of virus diseases for treating T3 is lowest, and the prevention and treatment effect reaches 59.83%; the tobacco leaf fertilizer has obvious effect on preventing and treating the black shank of the tobacco, the influence of each treatment on the incidence of the black shank is obvious, and the whole expression is as follows: t3 < T2 < T4 < T1 < CK, wherein the incidence rate of black shank of the treated T3 is lowest, and the overall prevention and treatment effect is as follows: t3 > T2 > T4 > T1; the spraying of the leaf fertilizer on the flue-cured tobacco has obvious effect on the prevention and treatment of the alternaria alternate, the influence of each treatment on the morbidity of the alternaria alternate is obvious, and the overall expression is as follows: t3 < T1 < T4 < T2 < CK, wherein the incidence rate of black shank of the treated T3 is lowest, and the overall prevention and treatment effect is as follows: t3 is more than T1 is more than T4 is more than T2, and the best prevention and treatment effect of treating T3 reaches 59.37%.
TABLE 2 Effect of different foliar fertilizer applications on disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco
In conclusion, after the foliar fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco is sprayed on the flue-cured tobacco, the growth of the flue-cured tobacco can be promoted, the disease resistance of the flue-cured tobacco is improved, the control effect is obvious, and the foliar fertilizer has important significance for improving the yield value and the economic benefit of the flue-cured tobacco.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The leaf fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight and volume: 0.2-0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1-0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.25-0.5kg/L fish protein.
2. The foliar fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the weight volume ratio of each component is as follows: 0.2kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.5kg/L fish protein.
3. The foliar fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the weight volume ratio of each component is as follows: 0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.25kg/L fish protein.
4. The foliar fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the weight volume ratio of each component is as follows: 0.2kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.2 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.25kg/L fish protein.
5. The foliar fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the weight volume ratio of each component is as follows: 0.3kg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg/L pyroligneous liquor, 0.1 kg/L5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.5kg/L fish protein.
6. The foliar fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition of the pyroligneous liquor is as follows: the content of acetic acid was 10.0g/L, the content of crotonic acid was 22.0g/L, the content of butyric acid was 16.0g/L, the content of guaiacol was 1.20g/L, the content of pyridine was 9.90g/L, the content of phenol was 2.98g/L, and the balance was water.
7. The foliar fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pH of the fish protein is 6-7, and the fish protein consists of fish protein, microbial agent and the balance of water and impurities;
the content of the fish protein is more than 86 percent, wherein the content of the small molecular peptide is more than 80 percent;
the microbial agent consists of microbial bacteria with the functions of promoting growth, nourishing and resisting diseases, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 400 hundred million/g.
8. The foliar fertilizer for improving disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 7, wherein the fish protein contains, by weight, 2.1% of organic nitrogen, 1.1% of organic phosphorus, 51% of hydrolyzed amino acid and 8% of free amino acid.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115215698A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-21 | 蓝星(北京)化工机械有限公司 | Wood vinegar composite tobacco leaf fertilizer |
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| CN115215698A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-21 | 蓝星(北京)化工机械有限公司 | Wood vinegar composite tobacco leaf fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20200522 |