CN111165302B - Cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting - Google Patents

Cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting Download PDF

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CN111165302B
CN111165302B CN202010030406.XA CN202010030406A CN111165302B CN 111165302 B CN111165302 B CN 111165302B CN 202010030406 A CN202010030406 A CN 202010030406A CN 111165302 B CN111165302 B CN 111165302B
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parts
sugarcane
seedlings
planting
bottom plate
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CN111165302A (en
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张荣华
桂意云
刘昔辉
韦金菊
李海碧
毛连英
周会
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/55—Sugar cane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N37/04—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof polybasic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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    • C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
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Abstract

The invention discloses a cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting, and relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting. The sugarcane planting method which saves cost and is suitable for mechanical planting comprises the following steps: firstly, culturing sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to jointing, shearing off the upper half parts of the jointed sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, planting the lower half parts with nutrient soil with 2-3 nodes as seedlings, then discharging the seedlings into a planting ditch through a seed discharging device, and covering soil. The method of the invention has the advantages of high survival rate of sugarcane seedlings, reduced seeding quantity, less plant diseases and insect pests, good tillering force, neat seedling emergence, low cost and suitability for mechanical planting.

Description

Cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, in particular to a cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting.
Background
Sugar cane is a temperate and tropical crop, a raw material for sucrose production, and ethanol can be extracted as an energy substitute. The sugarcane contains abundant sugar and water, also contains various vitamins, fat, protein, organic acid, calcium, iron and other substances which are very beneficial to the metabolism of a human body, and is mainly used for preparing sugar.
Most of the conventional sugarcane planting methods adopt the nodes with buds of sugarcane seeds for planting, the planting method needs seed soaking and germination acceleration, the survival rate is low, additional fertilizer is needed in different growth stages at the later stage, and the additional fertilizer is applied for many times. There are also a few planting methods that use sugarcane tissue culture seedlings for planting, but use whole root seedlings or the upper half of seedlings for planting, the survival rate, especially under drought conditions, is not high enough, and at present, the lower half of the nutrient soil in the extracted tissue culture seedlings is rarely used for planting.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, there is a need for a cost-effective sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting, which can increase the survival rate of sugarcane seedlings, reduce seed sowing amount, reduce plant diseases and insect pests, improve tillering ability, and ensure uniform emergence of seedlings, and which is low in cost and suitable for mechanical planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sugarcane planting method saving cost and being suitable for mechanical planting comprises the steps of firstly, culturing sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to be in node shifting, then cutting off the upper half parts of the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings which are in node shifting, planting seedlings by using the lower half parts with nutrient soil with 2-3 nodes left, then discharging the seedlings into planting ditches through a seed discharging device, and covering soil.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is coated by a degradable film, and a medicament and a water-retaining agent are also added into the nutrient soil.
Preferably, the medicament is prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-18 parts of thiamethoxam, 8-12 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 8-12 parts of bacillus subtilis powder and 5-8 parts of diethyl sebacate, wherein the concentration of the diethyl sebacate is 38-42 mg/L.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of polyacrylamide, 20-40 parts of potassium polyacrylate, 10-12 parts of starch and 0.2-0.5 part of cross-linking agent.
Preferably, the seed sowing device comprises a frame, seats are arranged on two sides of the frame, and a seed sowing mechanism is arranged between the two seats on the frame; the seed sowing mechanism comprises a first seed sowing mechanism and a second seed sowing mechanism which are arranged side by side at intervals, the first seed sowing mechanism comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixed on the rack through a support frame, a first support rod and a second support rod are arranged on the bottom plate at intervals, a seed sowing port is formed in the bottom plate and positioned between the first support rod and one end, close to the front part of the rack, of the bottom plate, the first support rod and the second support rod are rotatably connected with the bottom plate, the first support rod penetrates through the bottom plate and extends to the lower part of the bottom plate, one ends, above the bottom plate, of the first support rod and the second support rod are respectively provided with a driving wheel and a driven wheel, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected through a belt in a transmission manner; a motor is arranged below the bottom plate on the rack, a speed reducer and a driving gear are arranged on an output shaft of the motor, a driven gear is arranged at one end of the first supporting rod below the bottom plate, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear; a plurality of slots are arranged on the outer side surface of the belt at intervals, a seedling placing cup for installing a seedling is fixedly arranged on each slot, an opening and closing mechanism is arranged at the lower end of each seedling placing cup, and an infrared sensor is arranged at the edge of the seed discharging port; the first seed metering mechanism and the second seed metering mechanism have the same structure;
the rack is also provided with a controller, and the infrared sensor and the opening and closing mechanism are both in wireless connection with the controller; after the infrared sensor senses the seedlings, information is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the opening and closing mechanism to be opened, and the seedlings are discharged from the seed discharging port.
Preferably, a rotary tillage mechanism is fixedly arranged below the front end of the rack, the rotary tillage mechanism comprises a double-shaft motor and rotary tillage blades arranged on output shafts at two ends of the double-shaft motor, and the double-shaft motor is fixed below the front end of the rack through a front support.
Preferably, the opening and closing mechanism comprises a bottom cover arranged at the lower end of the seedling placing cup, a rotating shaft penetrating through the bottom cover and a micro motor fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating shaft, a limiting frame is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the seedling placing cup, and two sides of the bottom cover are connected with the limiting frame through springs; the two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably arranged on the two sides of the seedling placing cup in a penetrating mode, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom cover, and the micro motor is electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the degradable film is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8-15 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of modified starch, 5-10 parts of plasticizer, 3-5 parts of defoaming agent and 3-5 parts of surfactant.
Preferably, the plasticizer is one or more than two of tributyl citrate, polycaprolactone and polytrimethylene adipate; the defoaming agent is one or more than two of octanol, organic silicon emulsion and tributyl phosphate; the surfactant is a mixture of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and sodium carboxymethylcellulose according to a molar ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the step of culturing the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to pluck nodes is to culture the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to pluck 3 nodes or more.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings which are cultured to be in the jointing are used as seedlings for planting, the upper half parts of the seedlings are cut off, the lower half parts with the nutrient soil with 2-3 nodes are reserved, the sugarcane is simple and effective in planting, the sugarcane can be directly placed in a planting ditch without arranging seeds, the planting efficiency is high, the survival rate of the sugarcane seedlings is high and can reach more than 98%, the seed sowing amount can be reduced, in addition, the survival rate of the sugarcane seedlings is improved by about 10% under a general environment and is improved by about 50% under a drought condition by adopting the seedlings, the plant diseases and insect pests are few, the tillering force is good, the seedlings are tidy, the cost is low, and the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are suitable for mechanical planting.
(2) According to the invention, by adding the compound medicament compounded by thiamethoxam (powder), bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and diethyl sebacate into the nutrient soil, the pesticide composition has the rapid insecticidal effect of thiamethoxam, also has the lasting insecticidal effects of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the diethyl sebacate can enhance the penetration of the medicament, increase the adhesion of the medicament on plants or pests, promote the movement and dispersion of liquid medicine, prevent pesticide crystallization and the like, and forms a uniform and stable emulsion with pesticide, water and the like to play a role in enhancing the absorption of the pesticide by sugarcane, so that the medicament can reduce the plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the sugarcane and improve the germination rate. And when the concentration of diethyl sebacate is 38-42mg/L, the germination rate is highest. And because the pesticide is added into the nutrient soil, the sugarcane suffers less plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process, so that the spraying amount of the pesticide can be reduced in the later period of sugarcane planting, the using amount of the pesticide in the growth process of the sugarcane is saved, and the yield of the sugarcane is high.
(3) In the seed discharging device, the controller and the seed discharging port are arranged on the rack, the infrared sensor is arranged at the edge of the seed discharging port, the opening and closing mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the seedling placing cup in the seed discharging mechanism, the opening and closing mechanism comprises the bottom cover, the rotating shaft penetrating through the bottom cover and the micro motor fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating shaft, when the infrared sensor senses the seed seedling, the information is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the micro motor to rotate, so that the rotating shaft can rotate, the bottom cover is driven to rotate, the bottom cover is opened, namely the opening and closing mechanism is opened, and the seed seedling is discharged from the seed discharging port. After the seedlings are discharged, the micro motor is controlled to stop rotating, because both sides of the bottom cover are connected with the limiting frame through the springs, when the seedlings are discharged, the bottom cover is not stressed by the seedlings any more, the springs restore to the original shape, finally the bottom cover rotates to the horizontal plane to be supported on the limiting frame, namely the opening and closing mechanism is closed, the lower ends (the bottoms) of the seedling placing cups are closed, the seedling placing cups can receive the seedlings when workers continue to place the seedlings in the seedling placing cups, and the operations are repeated in such a way, so that the continuous processes of inoculation-seed discharging-inoculation-seed discharging of a plurality of seedling placing cups on the belt can be realized in the rotating process, the seed discharging device can realize continuous seed discharging, and because the tractor can be controlled to drive the seed discharging device to travel at a constant speed in the seed discharging process, the belt also rotates at a constant speed, and the intervals of two adjacent seedling placing cups of the plurality of seedlings are equal, the seed sowing device can realize equal-spacing planting of seedlings in the planting ditch, and prevents the seedlings from being stacked or too small in spacing. Therefore, compared with the traditional manual seed metering, the seed metering device can avoid missed seeding or reseeding, has controllable seeding density, is beneficial to realizing mechanical accurate planting and ensures the planting density and the yield of the sugarcane. In addition, mechanical planting is adopted in the planting method, so that the planting efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of a seed metering device used in a sugarcane planting method which saves cost and is suitable for mechanical planting according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of a seed metering device used in a sugarcane planting method which saves cost and is suitable for mechanical planting according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a seed metering mechanism of a seed metering device used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a planting placement cup and an opening and closing mechanism at the lower end thereof in the seed metering mechanism adopted by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a planting cup and an opening and closing mechanism at the lower end of the planting cup in the seed metering mechanism used in the present invention.
In the attached drawing, 1-a rack, 2-a seat, 3-a seeding mechanism, 31-a bottom plate, 32-a first supporting rod, 33-a second supporting rod, 34-a seeding opening, 35-a driving wheel, 36-a driven wheel, 37-a belt, 38-a seedling placing cup, 39-an opening and closing mechanism, 391-a bottom cover, 392-a rotating shaft, 393-a micro motor, 394-a limiting frame, 395-a spring, 4-a rotary tillage mechanism, 41-a double-shaft motor, 42-a rotary tillage knife, 43-a front bracket, 5-an earthing mechanism, 51-a rear bracket, 52-an earthing wheel, 6-a travelling wheel, 7-a connecting bracket and 8-a placing plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
A method for planting sugarcane includes such steps as culturing the tissue cultured sugarcane seedlings until the length of sugarcane is 3 or more, shearing off the upper half of the tissue cultured sugarcane seedlings, planting the lower half with nutritive soil and the seeds in the planting ditch, and covering soil.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is coated by a degradable film, and a medicament and a water-retaining agent are also added into the nutrient soil.
The degradable film is mainly prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of modified starch, 5 parts of plasticizer, 3 parts of defoaming agent and 3 parts of surfactant. Specifically, the plasticizer is tributyl citrate; the defoaming agent is octanol; the surfactant is a mixture of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and sodium carboxymethylcellulose according to a molar ratio of 1: 1.
The medicament is mainly prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of thiamethoxam, 8 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis powder and 5 parts of diethyl sebacate, wherein the concentration of the diethyl sebacate is 38 mg/L. The water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of polyacrylamide, 20 parts of potassium polyacrylate, 10 parts of starch and 0.2 part of cross-linking agent.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1-6, the seed discharging device comprises a frame 1, a walking wheel 6 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 1, and a connecting frame 7 for connecting with a tractor is arranged at one end of the frame 1, so that the seed discharging device is driven by the tractor to walk. Seats 2 for workers to sit are arranged on two sides of the frame 1. A seed sowing mechanism 3 is arranged between the two seats 2 on the frame 1, and a placing plate 8 for placing a seedling storage frame is also arranged above the seed sowing mechanism on the frame 1. The seed metering mechanism 3 comprises a first seed metering mechanism and a second seed metering mechanism which are arranged side by side at intervals, the first seed metering mechanism comprises a bottom plate 31, the bottom plate 31 is fixed on the rack 1 through a support frame, a first support rod 32 and a second support rod 33 are arranged on the bottom plate 31 at intervals, a seed metering opening 34 is formed in the bottom plate 31 and is positioned between the first support rod 32 and one end, close to the front part of the rack 1, of the bottom plate 31, the first support rod 32 and the second support rod 33 are both in rotary connection with the bottom plate 31 through bearings, the first support rod 32 penetrates through the bottom plate 31 and extends to the lower part of the bottom plate 31, one ends, above the bottom plate 31, of the first support rod 32 and the second support rod 33 are respectively provided with a driving wheel 35 and a driven wheel 36, and the driving wheel 35 and the driven wheel 36 are in transmission connection through a belt 37; a motor is arranged below the bottom plate 31 on the rack 1, a speed reducer and a driving gear are arranged on an output shaft of the motor, a driven gear is arranged at one end of the first supporting rod 32 below the bottom plate, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear. The outer side surface of the belt 37 is provided with a plurality of slots at equal intervals, the slots are fixedly provided with seedling placing cups 38 for installing a seedling, in this embodiment, for the effective fixation of the seedling placing cups 38 on the outer side surface of the belt 37, two groups of driving wheels and driven wheels are provided, and the two driving wheels are arranged at intervals at one end of the first supporting rod 32 above the bottom plate 31. The lower end opening of the seedling placing cup 38 is slightly smaller than the opening of the seed discharge port 34. The lower end of the seedling placing cup 38 is provided with an opening and closing mechanism 39, and the edge of the seeding port 34 is provided with an infrared sensor. Specifically, with reference to FIG. 3, the infrared sensor is located at the right edge of the metering port 34 when the belt 37 is rotated clockwise, and at the left edge of the metering port when the belt 37 is rotated counterclockwise. In this embodiment, the belt 37 rotates clockwise, and the infrared sensor is disposed at the right edge of the seed discharge port 34. The first seed metering mechanism and the second seed metering mechanism have the same structure.
The frame 1 is also provided with a controller, and the infrared sensor and the opening and closing mechanism 39 are both in wireless connection with the controller. The opening and closing mechanism 39 comprises a bottom cover 391 arranged at the bottom of the seedling placing cup 38, a rotating shaft 392 arranged through the bottom cover 391 and a micro motor 393 fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating shaft 392, a limit frame 394 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the seedling placing cup 38, two sides of the bottom cover 391 are connected with the limit frame 394 through springs 395, the heights of the two springs 395 are the same, and therefore after the seedlings are discharged (namely after the bottom cover 391 does not bear the pressure of the seedlings any more), the springs 395 recover to the original shape, and the bottom cover 391 rotates to the horizontal plane and is supported on the limit frame 394. The periphery of the bottom cover 391 contacts with the inner surface of the seedling placing cup 38, two ends of the rotating shaft 392 are rotatably inserted into two sides of the seedling placing cup 38, the rotating shaft 392 is fixedly connected with the bottom cover 391, and the micro motor 393 is electrically connected with the controller. After the seedlings are placed in the seedling placing cup 38, the bottom cover 391 is pressed down by the gravity of the seedlings, the spring is contracted, the bottom cover 391 is supported on the limiting frame 394, and the opening and closing mechanism is closed at the moment.
When the seedling planting device is used, a worker takes out seedlings from the seedling storage frame for storing a plurality of seedlings on the placing plate 8, one seedling is placed into each seedling placing cup 38, along with the rotation of the belt 37, after the infrared sensor senses the seedlings, information is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the micro motor 393 to rotate, the rotating shaft 392 can rotate to drive the bottom cover 391 to rotate, the bottom cover 391 is opened, namely the opening and closing mechanism is opened, and the seedlings are discharged from the seed discharging port 34 through the lower end opening of the seedling placing cup 38. After the seedlings are discharged, the micro motor 393 is controlled to stop rotating (the stop of the rotation can be controlled manually, or a time controller connected with the controller is additionally arranged, the rotation time of the micro motor 393 is set in the time controller, and the micro motor 393 stops rotating automatically after the time is over, which is the prior art), because the two sides of the bottom cover 391 are connected with the limit frame 394 through the springs 395, when the seedlings are discharged, the bottom cover 391 no longer bears the pressure of the seedlings, the springs 395 recover the original shape, finally the bottom cover 391 rotates to the horizontal plane, namely the opening and closing mechanism 39 is closed, the lower end (bottom) of the seedling placing cup 38 is closed, the seedling placing cup 38 can receive the seedlings when workers continue to place the seedlings in the seedling placing cup 38, and the operation is repeated, so that the process of continuous inoculation-seeding can be realized during the rotation process of the plurality of the seedling placing cups 38 on the belt 37, the seed metering device can realize continuous seed metering, and the tractor can be controlled to drive the seed metering device to walk at a constant speed in the seed metering process, the belt 37 also rotates at a constant speed, and the space between two adjacent seed metering cups in the plurality of seed metering cups is equal, so that the seed metering device can realize the equal-space planting of the seeds in the planting ditch, and the stacking or the undersize of the seeds can be prevented. Therefore, compared with the traditional manual seed metering, the seed metering device can avoid missed seeding or reseeding, has controllable seeding density, is beneficial to realizing mechanical accurate planting and ensures the planting density and the yield of the sugarcane.
Preferably, a rotary tillage mechanism 4 is further fixedly arranged below the front end of the frame 1, the rotary tillage mechanism 4 comprises a double-shaft motor 41 and rotary tillage blades 42 arranged on output shafts at two ends of the double-shaft motor 41, and the double-shaft motor 41 is fixed below the front end of the frame 1 through a front bracket 43. The rotary tillage cutter 42 can ditch the sugarcane planting field, so that sugarcane seedlings falling from the seed sowing mechanism can fall into the planting ditch conveniently.
Preferably, two soil covering mechanisms 5 are further fixed below the rear end of the frame 1 through a rear support 51, each soil covering mechanism 5 includes soil covering wheels 52 arranged at two ends of the rear support 51, and one soil covering wheel 52 of the two soil covering wheels 52 on the same rear support 51 is inclined towards the center of the rear support 51, so as to better cover soil.
Example 2
A method for planting sugarcane includes such steps as culturing the tissue cultured sugarcane seedlings until the length of sugarcane is 3 or more, shearing off the upper half of the tissue cultured sugarcane seedlings, planting the lower half with nutritive soil and the seeds in the planting ditch, and covering soil.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is coated by a degradable film, and a medicament and a water-retaining agent are also added into the nutrient soil.
The degradable film is mainly prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of modified starch, 8 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of defoaming agent and 4 parts of surfactant. Specifically, the plasticizer is tributyl citrate; the defoaming agent is a mixture of octanol and tributyl phosphate according to a molar ratio of 1: 1; the surfactant is a mixture of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and sodium carboxymethylcellulose according to a molar ratio of 1: 1.
The medicament is mainly prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of thiamethoxam, 10 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis powder and 6 parts of diethyl sebacate, wherein the concentration of the diethyl sebacate is 40 mg/L. The water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of polyacrylamide, 30 parts of potassium polyacrylate, 11 parts of starch and 0.3 part of cross-linking agent.
The structure of the seed metering device in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1.
Example 3
A method for planting sugarcane includes such steps as culturing the tissue cultured sugarcane seedlings until the length of sugarcane is 3 or more, shearing off the upper half of the tissue cultured sugarcane seedlings, planting the lower half with nutritive soil and the seeds in the planting ditch, and covering soil.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is coated by a degradable film, and a medicament and a water-retaining agent are also added into the nutrient soil.
The degradable film is mainly prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of modified starch, 10 parts of plasticizer, 5 parts of defoaming agent and 5 parts of surfactant. Specifically, the plasticizer is a mixture of tributyl citrate and poly propylene glycol adipate according to a molar ratio of 1: 1; the defoaming agent is a mixture of an organic silicon emulsion and tributyl phosphate according to the molar ratio of 1: 1; the surfactant is a mixture of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and sodium carboxymethylcellulose according to a molar ratio of 1: 1.
The medicament is mainly prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of thiamethoxam, 12 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 12 parts of bacillus subtilis powder and 8 parts of diethyl sebacate, wherein the concentration of the diethyl sebacate is 42 mg/L. The water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of potassium polyacrylate, 12 parts of starch and 0.5 part of cross-linking agent.
The structure of the seed metering device in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is the same as example 2 except that the adopted seedlings are sugarcane tissue culture seedlings before jointing and no water-retaining agent or medicament is added into the nutrient soil.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is the same as example 2 except that the water-retaining agent and the chemical agent are not added to the nutrient soil.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is the same as example 2 except that the seedling used is the upper half of the jointing tissue culture seedling.
In order to verify the effect of the method of the present invention, the applicant also compared the survival rate of seedlings and the pest and disease damage of the planting methods of the above examples and comparative examples, and the results are as follows:
Figure BDA0002364097950000081
Figure BDA0002364097950000091
according to the data, the survival rate of the sugarcane seedlings in the planting method is improved by about 10% in a general environment and is improved by about 50% in a drought condition, and the survival rate of the sugarcane seedlings in the planting method is high, and the survival rate of the seedlings in each embodiment in the drought environment is far higher than that of the seedlings in the comparative examples 1 and 2. In addition, as the compound medicament compounded by thiamethoxam (powder), bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and diethyl sebacate is added into the nutrient soil, the sugarcane of each embodiment of the invention suffers less plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process, so that the spraying amount of pesticides can be reduced in the later period of sugarcane planting, the using amount of the pesticides in the growth process of the sugarcane is saved, and the yield of the sugarcane is high.

Claims (8)

1. A cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, culturing sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to jointing, shearing off the upper half parts of the jointed sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, planting the lower half parts with nutrient soil with 2-3 nodes as seedlings, then discharging the seedlings into a planting ditch through a seed discharging device, and covering soil;
the seed sowing device comprises a rack, wherein seats are arranged on two sides of the rack, and a seed sowing mechanism is arranged between the two seats on the rack; the seed sowing mechanism comprises a first seed sowing mechanism and a second seed sowing mechanism which are arranged side by side at intervals, the first seed sowing mechanism comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixed on the rack through a support frame, a first support rod and a second support rod are arranged on the bottom plate at intervals, a seed sowing port is formed in the bottom plate and positioned between the first support rod and one end, close to the front part of the rack, of the bottom plate, the first support rod and the second support rod are rotatably connected with the bottom plate, the first support rod penetrates through the bottom plate and extends to the lower part of the bottom plate, one ends, above the bottom plate, of the first support rod and the second support rod are respectively provided with a driving wheel and a driven wheel, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected through a belt in a transmission manner; a motor is arranged below the bottom plate on the rack, a speed reducer and a driving gear are arranged on an output shaft of the motor, a driven gear is arranged at one end of the first supporting rod below the bottom plate, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear; a plurality of slots are arranged on the outer side surface of the belt at intervals, a seedling placing cup for installing a seedling is fixedly arranged on each slot, an opening and closing mechanism is arranged at the lower end of each seedling placing cup, and an infrared sensor is arranged at the edge of the seed discharging port; the first seed metering mechanism and the second seed metering mechanism have the same structure;
the rack is also provided with a controller, and the infrared sensor and the opening and closing mechanism are both in wireless connection with the controller; when the infrared sensor senses the seedlings, the information is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the opening and closing mechanism to be opened, and the seedlings are discharged from the seed discharging port;
the rotary tillage mechanism is fixedly arranged below the front end of the rack and comprises a double-shaft motor and rotary tillage cutters arranged on output shafts at two ends of the double-shaft motor, and the double-shaft motor is fixed below the front end of the rack through a front support.
2. A cost-effective and mechanically suitable sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient soil is coated by a degradable film, and a medicament and a water-retaining agent are also added into the nutrient soil.
3. A cost-effective and mechanically suitable sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the medicament is mainly prepared by compounding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-18 parts of thiamethoxam, 8-12 parts of bacillus thuringiensis powder, 8-12 parts of bacillus subtilis powder and 5-8 parts of diethyl sebacate, wherein the concentration of the diethyl sebacate is 38-42 mg/L.
4. A cost-effective and mechanically suitable sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of polyacrylamide, 20-40 parts of potassium polyacrylate, 10-12 parts of starch and 0.2-0.5 part of cross-linking agent.
5. A cost-effective and mechanically suitable sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the opening and closing mechanism comprises a bottom cover arranged at the lower end of the seedling placing cup, a rotating shaft penetrating through the bottom cover and a micro motor fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating shaft, a limiting frame is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the seedling placing cup, and two sides of the bottom cover are connected with the limiting frame through springs; the two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably arranged on the two sides of the seedling placing cup in a penetrating mode, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom cover, and the micro motor is electrically connected with the controller.
6. A cost-effective and mechanically suitable sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the degradable film is mainly prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8-15 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of modified starch, 5-10 parts of plasticizer, 3-5 parts of defoaming agent and 3-5 parts of surfactant.
7. A cost-effective and mechanically suitable sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the plasticizer is one or more than two of tributyl citrate, polycaprolactone and poly propylene glycol adipate; the defoaming agent is one or more than two of octanol, organic silicon emulsion and tributyl phosphate; the surfactant is a mixture of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and sodium carboxymethylcellulose according to a molar ratio of 1: 1.
8. A cost-effective and mechanically suitable sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step of culturing the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to jointing is to culture the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to jointing 3 or more.
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Application publication date: 20200519

Assignee: Nanning Micheng Food Technology Co.,Ltd.

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Contract record no.: X2023980046295

Denomination of invention: A Cost saving and Suitable Method for Mechanical Planting of Sugarcane Planting

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Record date: 20231108