CN111165265A - Method for cultivating morchella through greenhouse shelf bag materials - Google Patents

Method for cultivating morchella through greenhouse shelf bag materials Download PDF

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CN111165265A
CN111165265A CN201911389800.6A CN201911389800A CN111165265A CN 111165265 A CN111165265 A CN 111165265A CN 201911389800 A CN201911389800 A CN 201911389800A CN 111165265 A CN111165265 A CN 111165265A
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cultivation
parts
bed
culture
morchella
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马秀玲
张水科
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Huixian Zhihe Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/62Racks; Trays

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating morchella through greenhouse shelf bag materials, and belongs to the technical field of morchella planting. The cultivation of the morchella is realized through four steps of preparation of cultivation bag materials, building of greenhouse layer frames, cultivation of the bag materials and fruiting harvesting. Compared with the conventional morel cultivation, the method has the difference that the yield of the morel is not high enough by simultaneously processing the bag material and the spawn running, and the conventional morel cultivation is to perform spawn running first and then bag placing. The yield per mu of the morchella esculenta is 34.1-35.7 kg/mu, the space utilization rate is 76.3-77.1%, the cultivation area is saved by 74.8-75.9%, the yield is increased by 32.7-38.9% compared with the conventional morchella esculenta cultivation method, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Description

Method for cultivating morchella through greenhouse shelf bag materials
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of toadstool strain planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating toadstool by using greenhouse shelf bagged materials.
Background
Morchella esculenta is the most precious rare edible fungus in the world and belongs to a high-grade nutritional tonic. Morchella is the best-known delicious edible fungus in ascomycetes, and the pileus part of the morchella contains 7 kinds of amino acids essential to human bodies, namely isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine. The nutrition of the morchella is quite rich, and according to the determination, each liter of OOg of the morchella contains 28.1g of crude protein, 4.4g of crude fat and 20 kinds of amino acids, particularly the content of glutamic acid is up to 1.76g, and the morchella is a name of meat in vegetable. Chinese materia medica (year): the morchella esculenta has the effects of promoting digestion, harmonizing stomach, reducing phlegm and regulating qi, and the rich selenium element contained in the morchella esculenta has the effects of cancer prevention and cancer resistance.
In the prior art, the cultivation of the morchella is realized by combining a cultivation substrate with morchella strains or interplanting the morchella with wheat or corn, but the raw materials of the substrate are single when the two modes are used for cultivating the morchella, so that the effect of providing nutrients for the morchella cannot be achieved, continuous cropping obstacles can be generated, the yield of the morchella is reduced, and the requirements of people on the morchella cannot be met. If the bag cultivation and the greenhouse shelf technology are combined, the cultivation area of the morchella can be greatly saved, the space utilization rate of cultivation is improved, rich nutrition sources can be provided for the morchella, and the morchella can be timely increased in yield and income.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating morchella by greenhouse shelf bag materials, which can improve the morchella yield, save the cultivation area of the morchella and improve the space utilization rate of cultivation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
A method for cultivating morchella esculenta by using greenhouse shelf bag materials comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a cultivation bag material: selecting 56-76 parts of pigsty waste fermentation bed padding, 42-52 parts of radix puerariae powder, 44-47 parts of corncobs, 6-10 parts of diatomite, 1.9-2.7 parts of red clover, 30-40 parts of strawberry powder, 16-24 parts of soybean yellow serofluid, 2.2-3.2 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 3-5 parts of polydatin, 20-27 parts of rape straw powder, 20-24 parts of corn straw powder, 3-4 parts of honeysuckle powder and 1-1.8 parts of diatomite, mixing to obtain a matrix A, adding 100-180 parts of water into the matrix A, uniformly mixing to obtain a culture medium, filling the prepared culture medium into polyethylene plastic bags with the specification of 60cm × 40cm, and filling 2.5-3.5 kg of materials into each bag; sterilizing the culture medium bag at 85-100 ℃ and 1.6-1.9 MPa for 30-35 min to obtain a culture medium fungus bag;
2) building greenhouse layer frames: building a greenhouse in an open mountain area with an altitude of 500-1000 m, arranging cultivation beds with equal intervals and different heights in the greenhouse, arranging three cultivation frames with equal intervals above the cultivation beds, namely a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed and a third cultivation bed, arranging drip irrigation pipes on the side walls of the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed respectively, connecting a cultivation bed Q for planting morchella esculenta between the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed, and enabling the height of each wall to be 18cm, 40cm and 55cm respectively;
3) bag cultivation: cooling the culture medium bags prepared in the step 1) for 40-60 min, inoculating morchella strains, transferring the morchella strains to a culture bed and a culture frame for culture, controlling the temperature in a shed to be 20-24 ℃ and controlling the relative humidity in the shed to be 65% -68%, wherein the bags are placed on a first culture bed, a second culture bed, a third culture bed and a culture bed Q in a single layer mode, the temperature in the shed is stabilized at 24 ℃, the bags are placed on the second culture frame in 2 layers and two rows when the temperature in the shed is 16-18 ℃, the bags are placed on the third culture frame in three layers and single rows when the temperature in the shed is 10-12 ℃, and the bags are placed on the first culture frame in 4 layers when the temperature in the shed is 6-8 ℃;
4) fruiting and harvesting: watering for 1-2 times through walls 5 and 6 after sowing to completely wet surface soil of 0-20 cm, and keeping soil on the surface of the furrow wet until white powdery spores are formed on the surface of the soil, wherein the water content of the soil is 35-45%; after the primordium develops into the sporocarp, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 16-18 ℃, the air relative humidity is 70-75%, the illumination is controlled to be three positive and seven negative, the ventilation is kept good, the air is fresh, and the primordium can be collected when the surface of the pileus is in a honeycomb-shaped depression and fully extends.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1) the cultivation of the morchella by combining the bag material with the layer frame can firstly save the cultivation area of land and the space utilization rate, and secondly, the prepared mushroom bag contains higher nutrient components which can be absorbed and utilized by the morchella.
2) According to the method, the bag materials are stacked and cultivated according to different temperatures, the bag materials with different layers are stacked according to different temperatures, the reasonable utilization of space is realized, the covering materials are added when the bag materials are stacked into 4 layers, the morchella does not go moldy, and the components contain breathable components, so that the morchella can absorb sufficient air and nutrients.
3) Compared with the conventional morel cultivation, the method has the difference that the yield of the morel is not high enough by simultaneously processing the bag material and the spawn running, and the conventional morel cultivation is to perform spawn running first and then bag placing.
4) The yield per mu of morchella esculenta is 34.1-35.7 kg/mu, and the space utilization rate is 76.3% >, E.E.E.
77.1 percent, saves the cultivation area by 74.8 to 75.9 percent, increases the yield by 32.7 to 38.9 percent compared with the conventional morchella cultivation, and has obvious economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the shelf of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the greenhouse shelf of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall shelf structure of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a first cultivation frame, 2-a second cultivation frame, 3-a third cultivation frame, 4-a first cultivation bed, 5-a second cultivation bed and 6-a third cultivation bed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments, and that any changes and/or modifications may be made to the present invention within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating morchella esculenta by using greenhouse shelf bag materials comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a cultivation bag material: selecting 56kg of pigsty waste fermentation bed padding, 42kg of kudzu root powder, 44kg of corncobs, 6kg of diatomite, 1.9kg of red clover, 30kg of strawberry powder, 16kg of soybean yellow serofluid, 2.2kg of gynostemma pentaphylla, 3kg of polydatin, 20kg of rape straw powder, 20kg of corn straw powder, 3kg of honeysuckle powder and 1kg of diatomite, mixing to obtain a matrix A, adding 100 parts of water into the matrix A, uniformly mixing to obtain a culture medium, filling the prepared culture medium into polyethylene plastic bags with the specification of 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and filling 2.5kg of the culture medium into each bag; sterilizing the culture medium bag at 85 deg.C and 1.6MPa for 30min to obtain culture medium bag;
2) building greenhouse layer frames: building a greenhouse in an open mountain area with an altitude of 500 m, arranging cultivation beds with equal intervals and different heights in the greenhouse, arranging three cultivation frames with equal intervals above the cultivation beds, namely a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed and a third cultivation bed, arranging drip irrigation pipes on the side walls of the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed respectively, connecting a cultivation bed Q for planting morchella esculenta between the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed, and enabling the height of each wall to be 18cm, 40cm and 55cm respectively;
3) bag cultivation: cooling the culture medium bags prepared in the step 1) for 40min, inoculating morchella strains, transferring the morchella strains to a cultivation bed and a cultivation frame for cultivation, controlling the temperature in a shed to be 20 ℃ and the relative humidity in the shed to be 65%, wherein the fungus bags are placed on a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed, a ground three cultivation bed and a cultivation bed Q in a single layer mode, the temperature in the shed is stabilized at 24 ℃, when the temperature in the shed is 16 ℃, the fungus bags are placed on the second cultivation frame in 2 layers and two rows, when the temperature in the shed is 10 ℃, the fungus bags are placed on the third cultivation frame in three layers and single rows, and when the temperature in the shed is 6 ℃, the fungus bags are placed on the first cultivation frame in 4 layers;
4) fruiting and harvesting: watering for 1 time through a wall body 5 and 6 after sowing to completely wet surface soil of 0-20 cm, and keeping the soil on the surface of the furrow wet all the time until white powdery spores are formed on the surface of the soil, wherein the water content of the soil is 35%; after the primordium develops into the sporocarp, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 16 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70%, the illumination is controlled at the sun and the sun, the yin and the yin of the fungus are separated, good ventilation and fresh air are kept, and the primordium can be collected when the honeycomb-shaped depressions on the surface of the pileus are fully extended.
Example 2
A method for cultivating morchella esculenta by using greenhouse shelf bag materials comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a cultivation bag material: selecting 66kg of pigsty waste fermentation bed padding, 47kg of radix puerariae powder, 45kg of corncobs, 8kg of diatomite, 2.3kg of red clover, 35kg of strawberry powder, 20kg of soybean yellow serofluid, 2.7kg of gynostemma pentaphylla, 4kg of polydatin, 23kg of rape straw powder, 22kg of corn straw powder, 3.5kg of honeysuckle powder and 1.5kg of diatomite, mixing to obtain a matrix A, adding 140 parts of water into the matrix A, uniformly mixing to obtain a culture medium, filling the prepared culture medium into polyethylene plastic bags with the specification of 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and filling 2.5-3.5 kg of the culture medium into each bag; sterilizing the culture medium bag at 94 deg.C and 1.7MPa for 33min to obtain culture medium bag;
2) building greenhouse layer frames: building a greenhouse in an open mountain area with an altitude of 800 m, arranging cultivation beds with equal intervals and different heights in the greenhouse, arranging three cultivation frames with equal intervals above the cultivation beds, namely a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed and a third cultivation bed, arranging drip irrigation pipes on the side walls of the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed respectively, connecting a cultivation bed Q for planting morchella esculenta between the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed, and enabling the height of each wall to be 18cm, 40cm and 55cm respectively;
3) bag cultivation: cooling the culture medium bags prepared in the step 1) for 50min, inoculating morchella strains, transferring the morchella strains to a cultivation bed and a cultivation frame for cultivation, controlling the temperature in a shed to be 22 ℃ and controlling the relative humidity in the shed to be 66%, wherein the bags are placed on a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed, a third cultivation bed and a cultivation bed Q in a single layer mode, the temperature in the shed is stabilized at 24 ℃, the bags are placed on the second cultivation frame in 2 layers and two rows when the temperature in the shed is 17 ℃, the bags are placed on the third cultivation frame in three layers and one row when the temperature in the shed is 11 ℃, and the bags are placed on the first cultivation frame in 4 layers when the temperature in the shed is 7 ℃;
4) fruiting and harvesting: watering for 2 times through a wall body 5 and a wall body 6 after sowing to completely wet surface soil of 0-20 cm, and keeping the soil on the surface of the furrow wet all the time until white powdery spores are formed on the surface of the soil, wherein the water content of the soil is 40%; after the primordium develops into the sporocarp, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 17 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 72 percent, the illumination is controlled at the sun and the sun, the yin and the yin of the fungus are separated, good ventilation and fresh air are kept, and the primordium can be collected when the honeycomb-shaped depressions on the surface of the pileus are fully extended.
Example 3
A method for cultivating morchella esculenta by using greenhouse shelf bag materials comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a cultivation bag material: selecting 76kg of pigsty waste fermentation bed padding, 52kg of kudzu root powder, 47kg of corncobs, 10kg of diatomite, 2.7kg of red clover, 40kg of strawberry powder, 24kg of soybean yellow serofluid, 3.2kg of gynostemma pentaphylla, 5kg of polydatin, 27kg of rape straw powder, 24kg of corn straw powder, 4kg of honeysuckle powder and 1.8kg of diatomite, mixing to obtain a matrix A, adding 180 parts of water into the matrix A, uniformly mixing to obtain a culture medium, filling the prepared culture medium into polyethylene plastic bags with the specification of 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and filling 3.5kg of the culture medium into each bag; sterilizing the culture medium bag at 100 deg.C and 1.9MPa for 35min to obtain culture medium bag;
2) building greenhouse layer frames: building a greenhouse in an open mountain area with an elevation of 1000 m, arranging cultivation beds with equal intervals and different heights in the greenhouse, arranging three cultivation frames with equal intervals above the cultivation beds, namely a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed and a third cultivation bed, arranging drip irrigation pipes on the side walls of the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed respectively, connecting a cultivation bed Q for planting morchella esculenta between the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed, and enabling the height of each wall to be 18cm, 40cm and 55cm respectively;
3) bag cultivation: cooling the culture medium bags prepared in the step 1) for 60min, inoculating morchella strains, transferring the morchella strains to a cultivation bed and a cultivation frame for cultivation, controlling the temperature in a shed to be 24 ℃ and controlling the relative humidity in the shed to be 68%, wherein the bags are placed on a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed, a ground three cultivation bed and a cultivation bed Q in a single layer mode, the temperature in the shed is stabilized at 24 ℃, when the temperature in the shed is 18 ℃, the bags are placed on the second cultivation frame in 2 layers and two rows, when the temperature in the shed is 12 ℃, the bags are placed on the third cultivation frame in three layers and one row, and when the temperature in the shed is 8 ℃, the bags are placed on the first cultivation frame in 4 layers;
4) fruiting and harvesting: watering for 2 times through a wall body 5 and a wall body 6 after sowing to completely wet surface soil of 0-20 cm, and keeping the soil on the surface of the furrow wet all the time until white powdery spores are formed on the surface of the soil, wherein the water content of the soil is 45%; after the primordium develops into the sporocarp, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 75%, the illumination is controlled at Fengyang Qiyin, good ventilation and fresh air are kept, and the primordium can be collected when the honeycomb-shaped depressions on the surface of the pileus are fully extended.
Examples of the experiments
The influence on the yield and the like of morchella esculenta cultivated by using the bagged material is shown in table 1:
Figure BDA0002344619330000071
as can be seen from the table 1, the yield per mu of the morchella esculenta is 34.1-35.7 kg/mu, the space utilization rate is 76.3-77.1%, the cultivation area is saved by 74.8-75.9%, the yield is increased by 32.7-38.9% compared with the conventional morchella esculenta cultivation method, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The above-described embodiments of the invention are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (1)

1. The method for cultivating morchella by using the greenhouse shelf bag material comprises four steps of cultivation bag material preparation, greenhouse shelf construction, bag material cultivation and fruiting and harvesting, and is characterized in that:
the preparation method of the cultivation bag material comprises the following steps: selecting 56-76 parts of pigsty waste fermentation bed padding, 42-52 parts of radix puerariae powder, 44-47 parts of corncobs, 6-10 parts of diatomite, 1.9-2.7 parts of red clover, 30-40 parts of strawberry powder, 16-24 parts of soybean yellow serofluid, 2.2-3.2 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 3-5 parts of polydatin, 20-27 parts of rape straw powder, 20-24 parts of corn straw powder, 3-4 parts of honeysuckle powder and 1-1.8 parts of diatomite, mixing to obtain a matrix A, adding 100-180 parts of water into the matrix A, uniformly mixing to obtain a culture medium, filling the prepared culture medium into polyethylene plastic bags with the specification of 60cm × 40cm, and filling 2.5-3.5 kg of materials into each bag; sterilizing the culture medium bag at 85-100 ℃ and 1.6-1.9 MPa for 30-35 min to obtain a culture medium fungus bag;
the greenhouse shelf building method comprises the following steps: building a greenhouse in an open mountain area with an altitude of 500-1000 m, arranging cultivation beds with equal intervals and different heights in the greenhouse, arranging three cultivation frames with equal intervals above the cultivation beds, namely a first cultivation bed, a second cultivation bed and a third cultivation bed, arranging drip irrigation pipes on the side walls of the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed respectively, connecting a cultivation bed Q for planting morchella esculenta between the second cultivation bed and the third cultivation bed, and enabling the height of each wall to be 18cm, 40cm and 55cm respectively;
the bag material cultivation step: cooling culture medium fungus bags prepared in the preparation step of a culture bag material for 40-60 min, inoculating morchella strains, transferring the morchella strains to a culture bed and a culture frame for culture, controlling the temperature in a shed to be 20-24 ℃, and controlling the relative humidity in the shed to be 65-68%, wherein the fungus bags are placed on the first culture bed, the second culture bed, the third culture bed and the culture bed Q in a single layer mode, the temperature in the shed is stabilized at 24 ℃, the fungus bags are placed on the second culture frame in a double-row mode according to 2 layers when the temperature in the shed is 16-18 ℃, the fungus bags are placed on the third culture frame in a single-row mode according to three layers when the temperature in the shed is 10-12 ℃, and the fungus bags are placed on the first culture frame in a double-row mode according to 4 layers when the temperature in the shed is 6-8 ℃.
CN201911389800.6A 2019-12-30 2019-12-30 Method for cultivating morchella through greenhouse shelf bag materials Pending CN111165265A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115226567A (en) * 2022-03-29 2022-10-25 杨凌知君菌业科技工程有限责任公司 Morchella planting method, crawler-type combustion sterilization device and spawn running equipment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115226567A (en) * 2022-03-29 2022-10-25 杨凌知君菌业科技工程有限责任公司 Morchella planting method, crawler-type combustion sterilization device and spawn running equipment

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