CN111149643A - High-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method - Google Patents
High-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149643A CN111149643A CN202010168904.0A CN202010168904A CN111149643A CN 111149643 A CN111149643 A CN 111149643A CN 202010168904 A CN202010168904 A CN 202010168904A CN 111149643 A CN111149643 A CN 111149643A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method, which comprises the steps of seed sunning grading, land preparation and fertilization, sowing and field management; the high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the soil preparation procedure is simplified, the soil structure is not damaged, the soil loosening degree is improved, the loosening depth of the peanut plastic film mulching cultivation soil is deepened, the soil loosening degree is improved, and the water retention of the soil is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for peanuts.
Background
Peanuts contain various nutrient elements and are very important for supplementing vitamins, proteins and amino acids to human bodies, the fruits of the peanuts are pods which are generally divided into 3 types, namely large, medium and small ones, and have silkworm cocoon shapes, bead stringing shapes, hockey shapes and the like, and the peanuts in China are exported to many countries and are an indispensable part of the economic development of China.
In order to maintain the advantage of high peanut yield, the planting technology must be actively promoted so as to create higher economic benefit, and how to plant high-quality and high-yield peanuts under limited conditions is a problem that most agricultural producers must face.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art and provides a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for peanuts, which simplifies the soil preparation procedure by optimizing seed treatment, soil preparation and field management in the peanut planting process.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, sun seed grading: carrying out shelling treatment on the peanut seeds in sunny days, spreading the peanut seeds for drying for 2-3d in the sun after shelling in sunny days, carrying out grade 1 and grade 2 grading seed selection on the seeds, and carrying out corresponding coating or seed mixing treatment on the seeds;
s2, land preparation and fertilization: before winter, ploughing the land with the depth of 25-30cm, keeping the ridge forming width at 75-80cm, the ridge top width at 54-56cm and the ridge height at 13-15cm, and keeping the ridge tops flat, wherein the row spacing between adjacent ridges is 35-38 cm;
s3, sowing: sowing when the ground temperature is 5-10cm and is stable at 15-18 ℃, selecting 1-grade seeds with uniform size for sowing in the sowing process, and screening and removing oversize seeds;
s4, field management: spraying closed herbicide while the soil is wet after sowing, performing seedling checking and reseeding, clearing squat seedlings, intertillage weeding and pest prevention treatment in the seedling stage, and performing water and fertilizer management and disease prevention and leaf protection treatment in the flowering and sowing stage.
Further, in step S2, two rows of peanuts are sown in each ridge, single seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 5-8cm, the adjacent hole distance is 10-15cm, in the land preparation process, ring fertilizer or organic fertilizer is applied, 60-70% of the fertilizer amount is used as base fertilizer for deep ploughing, and the rest is applied to a shallow layer in spring shallow ploughing or ridging.
Further, in step S4, during the pod forming period, soil between ridge rows is planted on the ridges, 50-70mg/L paclobutrazol aqueous solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces 30-50 days after flowering, and during the full fruit maturing period, mixed aqueous solution of calcium superphosphate and urea is sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 10-15 days, accumulated water is discharged, and the full fruit water is irrigated lightly.
Further, in step S4, in the field management measures at the seedling stage, the seedling check and reseeding is to reseed seedlings at the place where the seedlings are seriously lacked after the seedlings grow in spring, and the seedling check and reseeding is performed 10-15 days after the sowing; the spring peanut clean squat seedling is characterized in that after the peanuts are planted evenly, a small hoe is used for 1 st intertillage to spread soil around the peanut seedlings, so that lateral branches among 2 cotyledons and cotyledon leaf axils are exposed out of the soil, and the 1 st lateral branch can grow robustly; in the seedling stage of the open field flat sowing spring peanuts, intertillage and weeding are carried out for 2 times, the 1 st time is carried out after the peanuts are well sowed and before the seedlings are cleaned and squatted, furrows are deeply hoed, the back of the ridges is shallowly scraped, the seedlings are cleaned by a small hoe, the 2 nd time of intertillage is carried out 15-20 days after the seedlings are cleaned, the furrows are shallowly hoed, weeds are scraped, and the bases of the peanuts do not cover soil.
Further, in step S1, before husking, selecting clear weather, and airing the seeds for 1-2 d; the peanut shells are peeled off, the seeds are classified, and damaged and inferior seeds are removed.
Further, in step S2, the fertilizer further includes slow release fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, medium trace elements, bio-mycoprotein, beneficial viable count, urea, special fertilizer for peanuts, water flush fertilizer and compound fertilizer.
Further, N + P in the biological organic fertilizer2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 4 percent, the content of the medium trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent, the content of the biological mycoprotein is more than or equal to 5 percent, the number of the beneficial viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 million/g, the NPK content ratio in the special fertilizer for peanuts is 8: 10: 14, and the medium trace amount of the water flush fertilizerThe element is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content ratio of NPK in the compound fertilizer is 12: 10: 18.
Further, in S4, the herbicide is per 667m2100 mL of 72% Dueer missible oil is used for 30kg of water, or every 667m2A full field spray of 30kg of water was applied with 150mL of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate.
Further, in S4, deep intertillage is carried out before plant sealing and large amount of fruit needles penetrate into the soil, the soil between ridge rows is planted on the ridges, 30-50 days after blooming, the height of the main stem is 35-40cm, when the average length of 8-10 sections of the 1 st contralateral branch is more than 5-7cm, 50-70mg/L paclobutrazol water solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in time, and each 667m of paclobutrazol water solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces2Spraying 50-55kg of medicinal liquid.
Furthermore, in S1, the germination rates of the selected seeds of grade 1 and grade 2 are more than or equal to 96%.
Further, the sowing time is from 4 to 5 months of the year.
Further, in S2, the content of the fertilizer is satisfied every 667m217-21kg of urea, 45-55kg of 14% calcium superphosphate and 13-15kg of potassium sulfate are added into the spring sowing peanuts with the yield of 500 kg.
Further, in S4, during the period of flowering and needling, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the soil in the irrigation plough layer is less than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, and during the irrigation watering process, according to the condition of the fertilizer in the land, 15-20kg/667m of calcium superphosphate is applied2Standard nitrogenous fertilizer 10-15kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% borax water solution on leaves of boron-deficient land, spraying 0.2% zinc sulfate water solution on leaves of zinc-deficient land, spraying 0.2-0.3% ferrous sulfate water solution on leaves of iron-deficient land, and applying lime 25-50kg/667m in acid soil2Basic soil dressing gypsum 25-50kg/667m2。
The invention further discloses a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation device which comprises a support, a brake assembly, a driving assembly and a film covering assembly, wherein the driving assembly comprises push rods arranged on two sides of the upper end of the support and idler wheels arranged on two sides of the lower end of the support, the film covering assembly comprises a fixing plate, a rolling shaft and a smoothing rod, the fixing plate is arranged on the lower side of the support and on the support between the two idler wheels, two ends of the rolling shaft are rotatably and detachably connected with the fixing plate, two ends of the smoothing rod are connected with one side, close to the idler wheels, of the support, the brake assembly comprises a transverse rod vertically arranged between the two push rods and a pull rod vertically arranged with the transverse rod, one end of the pull rod penetrates through the transverse rod, the other end of the pull rod penetrates through the support, and one end.
Furthermore, one end of the push rod, which is far away from the support, is connected with the handle through an inner rod, and the inner rod is connected with the push rod in a sliding manner.
Furthermore, soil boxes are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the support and between the corresponding rolling shafts and the corresponding rolling wheels, and a feed opening is formed in the lower end of each soil box.
Furthermore, the smoothing rod and the rolling shaft are correspondingly arranged, and a smooth layer which is in smooth contact with the thin film is arranged on the outer periphery of the smoothing rod in a surrounding mode.
Further, in order to better smooth, improve the yield and quality of peanuts and prolong the service life of the smoothing rod, the smoothing rod is made of metal, the surface roughness Ra of the smoothing rod is 0.2-0.8 microns, and the hardness Y of the smoothing rod is HRA 75-92; in particular, the surface roughness Ra and the hardness Y satisfy Ra.Y of not less than 17.5 and not more than 72.4.
Furthermore, the support and the smoothing rod are both of telescopic rod structures.
Furthermore, in order to make the covering soil on the film spread more uniformly, the covering soil cannot completely fall onto the film from the soil box when the roller rotates too fast, the covering soil is easy to accumulate when the roller rotates too slowly, the spreading is not uniform, the rotating speed n of the roller ranges from 10 rpm to 100rpm, and the rotating speed n of the roller and the angular speed omega of the chain on the roller, the length a of the feed opening, the width b of the feed opening and the rotating time t of the roller meet the following relations:
a·b=α·(nπ/ωt)1/2，
in the above formula, α is a value range of relation factor 1.286-6.389, a and b are in cm, n is rpm, ω is rad/s, t is seconds, and π is a constant of circumference ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method provided by the invention, through optimizing seed treatment, soil preparation and land turning and field management in the peanut planting process, the soil preparation procedure is simplified, the soil structure is not damaged, the operation is convenient and quick, the soil loosening degree is improved, the plate-joint layer is effectively broken, the loosening depth of the peanut plastic film mulching cultivation soil is deepened, the soil loosening degree is improved, the water retention of the soil is increased, the soil condition of the area where the soil is easy to harden is improved, the growth of peanuts is promoted, the per mu yield of the peanuts is improved, the water resource is saved, the production cost is reduced, and the income of farmers is greatly increased.
2. According to the high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method, mulching can be easily performed, the peanut cultivation method is provided with the brake assembly for stopping the rotation of the film cylinder, the brake assembly is in a separated state with the film cylinder in the normal advancing process, the pull rod is pushed after the peanut cultivation method advances in place, the arc-shaped cover plate is in contact with the film cylinder on the rolling shaft, friction force is applied to the film cylinder to stop the rotation of the film cylinder, the paved film can be tensioned through the smoothing rod in the mulching process, and the mulching is time-saving and labor-saving and high in mulching quality.
3. According to the high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method, the ridge soil can be pushed to the two sides of the film through the soil box in the film covering process to compress the film, the traditional manual soil spreading is replaced to compress the film, the working strength of workers is reduced, and the film covering efficiency is improved.
4. According to the high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method, the telescopic inner rod is telescopic through the matched use of the telescopic outer rod and the telescopic inner rod, the extending length of the pull handle can be adjusted, and workers can conveniently adjust the peanut cultivation method according to the heights of the peanuts.
5. According to the high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method provided by the invention, the relation among the rotating speed of the roller, the angular speed of the chain on the roller, the length and width of the feed opening and the rotating time of the roller is limited, so that the covering soil is more uniformly scattered, and the influence of excessive covering soil on the germination and growth of peanuts is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation device of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a brake assembly of the high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation device.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation device of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a support; 2. a push rod; 3. an inner rod; 4. a handle; 5. a roller; 6. a fixing plate; 7. a roller; 8. smoothing the rod; 9. a brake assembly; 91. a cross bar; 92. a pull rod; 93. arc-shaped shroud plates; 10. and (7) a soil box.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, sun seed grading: carrying out shelling treatment on the peanut seeds in sunny days, spreading the peanut seeds for drying for 2-3d in the sun after shelling in sunny days, carrying out grade 1 and grade 2 grading seed selection on the seeds, and carrying out corresponding coating or seed mixing treatment on the seeds;
s2, land preparation and fertilization: before winter, ploughing the land with the depth of 25-30cm, keeping the ridge forming width at 75-80cm, the ridge top width at 54-56cm and the ridge height at 13-15cm, keeping the ridge top smooth, keeping the row spacing between adjacent ridges at 35-38cm, sowing two rows of peanuts in each ridge, sowing single seeds in each hole, the sowing depth at 5-8cm and the adjacent hole spacing at 10-15cm, applying a ring fertilizer or an organic fertilizer in the land preparation process, using 60-70% of the fertilizer amount as a base fertilizer for deep ploughing, and applying a shallow layer in the spring shallow ploughing or ridging process to the rest part;
s3, sowing: sowing when the ground temperature is 5-10cm and is stable at 15-18 ℃, selecting 1-grade seeds with uniform size for sowing in the sowing process, and screening and removing oversize seeds;
s4, field management: spraying closed herbicide while the soil is moist after sowing, performing seedling checking and replanting, clearing and squating seedlings, intertillage weeding and insect pest prevention treatment in the seedling stage, performing water and fertilizer management and disease prevention and leaf protection treatment in the flowering and sowing stage, performing pod forming stage, cultivating soil among ridge rows on ridges, spraying 50-70mg/L paclobutrazol aqueous solution on leaf surfaces 30-50 days after flowering, spraying calcium superphosphate and urea mixed aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces every 10-15 days in the full fruit maturing stage, discharging accumulated water, and watering the full fruit water lightly.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, sun seed grading: before husking, selecting clear weather, and airing the seeds for 1-2 days; peeling peanut shells, classifying the seeds, removing damaged and inferior seeds, peeling the peanut seeds in sunny days, spreading the peanut seeds in sunny days for airing for 2-3d after peeling, performing grade 1 and grade 2 grading seed selection on the seeds, wherein the germination rate of the selected grade 1 and grade 2 seeds is more than or equal to 96%, and performing corresponding coating or seed mixing treatment on the seeds;
s2, land preparation and fertilization: before winter, ploughing the land by 25-30cm in depth, keeping ridge forming width at 75-80cm, ridge top width at 54-56cm and ridge height at 13-15cm, keeping ridge tops smooth, keeping row spacing between adjacent ridges at 35-38cm, sowing two rows of peanuts in each ridge, sowing single seeds in each hole, sowing depth at 5-8cm and adjacent hole spacing at 10-15cm, applying ring fertilizer or organic fertilizer in the soil preparation process, using 60-70% of fertilizer amount as base fertilizer for deep ploughing, applying 17-21kg of urea, 45-55kg of 14% calcium superphosphate and 13-15kg of potassium sulfate in the rest part of shallow ploughing in spring or ridging process, wherein substances in the fertilizer meet the requirement of applying 17-21kg of urea, 45-55kg of 14% calcium superphosphate and 13-15kg of potassium sulfate in 500kg of spring-sowed peanuts with yield of 667m 2;
s3, sowing: sowing when the ground temperature is stabilized at 15-18 ℃ in the middle ten days to 5 last ten days of 4 months every year, selecting 1-grade seeds with uniform size for sowing in the sowing process, and screening and removing oversize seeds;
s4, field management: spraying closed herbicide while the soil is moist after sowing, performing seedling checking and replanting, clearing squat seedlings, intertillage weeding and pest control treatment in a seedling stage, performing water and fertilizer management and disease prevention and leaf protection treatment in a flowering and sowing stage, performing pod forming stage, cultivating soil among ridge rows on ridges, spraying 50-70mg/L paclobutrazol aqueous solution on leaf surfaces 30-50 days after flowering, spraying calcium superphosphate and urea mixed aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces every 10-15 days in a full fruit maturity stage, discharging accumulated water, lightly watering and irrigating full fruit water, performing field management measures in a seedling stage, performing seedling checking and replanting in a place where seedlings are seriously deficient after spring peanuts grow, performing seedling checking and replanting 10-15 days after sowing, performing squat seedling clearing and spring peanuts in the 1 st intertillage stage by using a small hoe to dig soil around the peanuts all around the seedlings, exposing the lateral branches between 2 cotyledons and cotyledon leaf axils out of soil to facilitate the 1 st lateral branch to grow robustly; in the seedling stage of the open field flat sowing spring peanuts, intertillage and weeding are carried out for 2 times, the 1 st time is carried out after the peanuts are well sowed and before the seedlings are cleaned and squatted, furrows are deeply hoed, the back of the ridges is shallowly scraped, the seedlings are cleaned by a small hoe, the 2 nd time of intertillage is carried out 15-20 days after the seedlings are cleaned, the furrows are shallowly hoed, weeds are scraped, and the bases of the peanuts do not cover soil.
Deeply cultivating before enclosing the plant and inserting a large number of fruit needles into the soil, cultivating the soil between the ridge rows on ridges, spraying 50-70mg/L paclobutrazol aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces when the average length of 8-10 sections of the 1 st opposite lateral branch is more than 5-7cm and the main stem height is 35-40cm after flowering for 30-50 days, and every 667m2Spraying 50-55kg of medicinal liquid.
In the period of flowering and injection, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the soil in the irrigation plough layer is less than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, and in the irrigation watering process, according to the condition of the fertilizer in the land, 15-20kg/667m of calcium superphosphate is applied2Standard nitrogenous fertilizer 10-15kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% borax water solution on leaves of boron-deficient land, spraying 0.2% zinc sulfate water solution on leaves of zinc-deficient land, spraying 0.2-0.3% ferrous sulfate water solution on leaves of iron-deficient land, and applying lime 25-50kg/667 to acid soilm2Basic soil dressing gypsum 25-50kg/667m2。
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the seed sowing process, a special peanut ridging sowing machine is adopted for sowing, ridging, sowing, herbicide spraying and film covering are completed at one time, the ridge height is 13-15cm, the ridge width is 75-80cm, the furrow width is 35-38cm, the ridge surface width is 54-56cm, double rows of peanuts are planted on the ridge, the small row spacing is 25cm, the large row spacing is 50-55cm, the average row spacing is 37-40 cm, the hole spacing is 12.5-13.5cm, each hole is provided with a single seed, the sowing depth is 5-8cm, ring fertilizers or organic fertilizers are applied in the land preparation process, 60-70% of the fertilizer amount is used for deep ploughing as base fertilizers, and the rest is applied to shallow ploughing in spring or ridging.
The fertilizer also comprises slow release fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer, medium trace elements, biological mycoprotein, beneficial viable count, urea, special fertilizer for peanuts, flush fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein N + P in the biological organic fertilizer2O5+K2The content of O is more than or equal to 4 percent, the content of the medium trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent, the content of the biological mycoprotein is more than or equal to 5 percent, the number of the beneficial viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 million/g, the NPK content ratio in the special fertilizer for peanuts is 8: 10: 14, the medium trace elements in the water flush fertilizer is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the NPK content ratio in the compound fertilizer is 12: 10: 18.
Example 4
On the basis of the embodiment 1, from the later stage of pod setting, 1 time of mixed aqueous solution of 2% -3% of calcium superphosphate and 1% -2% of urea is sprayed on the leaf surface every 10-15 days, the mixed aqueous solution is sprayed for 2-3 times, the yield increasing effect is obvious, the mixed aqueous solution is sprayed in the afternoon of a sunny day, the fertilizer solution is used along with the fertilizer solution, and when the water content of soil in a plough layer is lower than 40% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, full fruit water is watered lightly in time, and the fruit saturation rate is improved.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 2-4, a high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation device comprises a bracket 1, a braking component 9, a driving component and a mulching component, the driving component comprises push rods 2 arranged at two sides of the upper end of the bracket 1 and rollers 5 arranged at two sides of the lower end of the bracket 1, the film covering assembly comprises a fixed plate 6, a rolling shaft 7 and a smoothing rod 8, the fixed plate 6 is arranged on the bracket 1 between the two rollers 5 and the lower side of the bracket 1, two ends of the rolling shaft 7 are rotatably and detachably connected with the fixed plate 6, two ends of the smoothing rod 8 are connected with one side of the bracket 1 close to the roller 5, the brake assembly 9 comprises a cross bar 91 vertically arranged between the two push rods 2 and a pull rod 92 vertically arranged on the cross bar 91, one end of the pull rod 92 is arranged to penetrate through the cross rod 91, the other end of the pull rod 92 is arranged to penetrate through the bracket 1, one end of the pull rod 92 close to the bracket 1 is connected with an arc-shaped shroud plate 93 matched with the roller 7.
The one end that support 1 was kept away from to push rod 2 is through interior pole 3 connection handle 4, interior pole 3 sliding connection push rod 2, the upper end both sides of support 1, correspond and locate soil box 10 between roller bearing 7 and the gyro wheel 5.
Through support 1, brake assembly 9, the tectorial membrane can be easily relaxed in mutually supporting of drive assembly and tectorial membrane subassembly, it makes a film section of thick bamboo rotate the brake assembly 9 who stops to have, normally the in-process of marcing, brake assembly 9 is in the off-state with a film section of thick bamboo, when marcing the back that targets in place, promote pull rod 92, make the contact of film cylinder on arc shroud plate 93 and the roller bearing 7, apply frictional force to a film section of thick bamboo and make a film section of thick bamboo rotate and stop, at the tectorial membrane in-process, can take up the film of laying through pacifying pole 8, adopt this device to make tectorial membrane labour saving and time saving.
Example 6
On the basis of embodiment 5, soil boxes 10 are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the support 1 and between the corresponding rolling shafts 7 and the corresponding rollers 5, and a discharge hole is formed in the lower ends of the soil boxes 10.
In order to make the covering soil on the film more uniform, the roller 5 rotates too fast and the covering soil can not fall onto the film completely from the soil box 10, the roller 5 rotates too slow and the covering soil is easy to accumulate, the spreading is not uniform, the rotating speed n of the roller 5 ranges from 10 rpm to 100rpm, and the rotating speed n of the roller 5 and the angular speed omega of the chain on the roller, the length a of the feed opening, the width b of the feed opening and the rotating time t of the roller 5 meet the following relations:
a·b=α·(nπ/ωt)1/2，
wherein α is the value range of relation factor 1.286-6.389, a and b are cm, n is rpm, ω is rad/s, t is seconds, and π is constant of circumference.
Through the relation among the rotational speed of injecing the gyro wheel, the angular velocity of chain on the gyro wheel, the length and the width of feed opening and the gyro wheel rotation time, make the earthing unrestrained more even, avoid the earthing to excessively influence the peanut growth that sprouts, and then make the high yield high-quality of peanut.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and substitutions made within the scope of the present invention should be included.
Claims (8)
1. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sun seed grading: carrying out shelling treatment on the peanut seeds in sunny days, spreading the peanut seeds for drying for 2-3d in the sun after shelling in sunny days, carrying out grade 1 and grade 2 grading seed selection on the seeds, and carrying out corresponding coating or seed mixing treatment on the seeds;
s2, land preparation and fertilization: before winter, ploughing the land with the depth of 25-30cm, keeping the ridge forming width at 75-80cm, the ridge top width at 54-56cm and the ridge height at 13-15cm, and keeping the ridge tops flat, wherein the row spacing between adjacent ridges is 35-38 cm;
s3, sowing: sowing when the ground temperature is 5-10cm and is stable at 15-18 ℃, selecting 1-grade seeds with uniform size for sowing in the sowing process, and screening and removing oversize seeds;
s4, field management: spraying closed herbicide while the soil is wet after sowing, performing seedling checking and reseeding, clearing squat seedlings, intertillage weeding and pest prevention treatment in the seedling stage, and performing water and fertilizer management and disease prevention and leaf protection treatment in the flowering and sowing stage.
2. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: s1, before husking, selecting clear weather, and airing the seeds for 1-2 d; the peanut shells are peeled off, the seeds are classified, and damaged and inferior seeds are removed.
3. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the fertilizer further includes slow release fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, medium trace elements, bio-mycoprotein, beneficial viable count, urea, fertilizer special for peanuts, water flush fertilizer and compound fertilizer.
4. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: n + P in the biological organic fertilizer2O5+K2The content of O is more than or equal to 4 percent, the content of the medium trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent, the content of the biological mycoprotein is more than or equal to 5 percent, the number of the beneficial viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 million/g, the NPK content ratio in the special fertilizer for peanuts is 8: 10: 14, the medium trace elements in the water flush fertilizer is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the NPK content ratio in the compound fertilizer is 12: 10: 18.
5. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S4, the herbicide is per 667m2100 mL of 72% Dueer missible oil is used for 30kg of water, or every 667m2A full field spray of 30kg of water was applied with 150mL of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate.
6. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S4, deep intertillage is carried out before plant sealing and large batch of fruit needles penetrate into the soil, the soil between ridge rows is planted on ridges, 30-50 days after blooming, the height of a main stem is 35-40cm, when the average length of 8-10 nodes of the 1 st contralateral branch is more than 5-7cm, 50-70mg/L paclobutrazol water solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in time, and 50-55kg of liquid medicine is sprayed every 667m 2.
7. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, two rows of peanuts are sown in each ridge, single seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 5-8cm, and the distance between adjacent holes is 10-15 cm.
8. A high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S4, soil between rows of ridges is planted on the ridges during the pod forming period, and 50-70mg/L paclobutrazol water solution is sprayed on the leaf surface 30-50 days after flowering.
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| CN202010168904.0A CN111149643A (en) | 2020-03-12 | 2020-03-12 | High-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation method |
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| CN112913618A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 柳延涛 | Peanut cultivation method |
| CN113951078A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-21 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Planting method for improving peanut yield |
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