CN111100331B - 一种光稳定剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种光稳定剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物助剂技术领域。更具体地,涉及一种光稳定剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)自上世纪70年代出现以来,由于其对树脂高效的光稳定防护效果,一直备受关注。经过数十年的发展,已成功开发多种效果显著的产品,并在塑料制品领域得到广泛的应用,其结构通式如下式所示。HALS为具有空间位阻效应的哌啶衍生物,其Y基团可为氢基(H),烷基(CH3),烷氧基(OR)等,而侧链X也可提供多种官能团结构的设计。因此可根据塑料产品不同使用环境要求,针对性设计特定结构受阻胺光稳定剂,扩大此类产品的应用领域。
目前,针对Y基团的修饰,主要是调节胺基的碱性。由于哌啶环上的NH具有一定的碱性,易于酸性物质反应生成铵盐,大大限制了HALS在酸性条件下的使用。如传统的高碱性的HALS 770,HALS 4050不宜用于农膜以及PVC树脂等制品中,而为扩大HALS的使用范围,多家企业开发出低碱性烷基化或烷氧基化的HALS,例如HALS 123,HALS 119。针对侧链X的修饰,主要是高分子量化,多功能化及反应型。小分子受阻胺光稳定剂属于极性分子,与树脂基体相容性较差,易发生迁移,挥发,其次低分子量受阻胺光稳定剂的热稳定性能也较差,易在塑料的热加工中分解,因此开发了多种大分子量的光稳定剂,例如HALS 944,HALS2020等,但这些侧链的修饰无疑会大大降低光稳定剂有效的氮元素N含量,降低了其防护效果。
无机填料能够赋予塑料良好的综合性能,例如降低塑料制品热膨胀系数,提高模量,气体阻隔性能,热传导及阻燃等效果。但在添加无机填料和对其进行表面改性时,人们往往只关注这些因素对聚合物使用性能(如强度,韧性或降低成本等)的改进,却忽视了它们对树脂光氧老化的稳定性的影响,已有研究表明无机填料的表面特性及其表面处理对聚合物的老化性能有显著的影响。现有技术中已有研究CaCO3和SiO2等无机纳米填料对PP树脂光氧老化性能的影响,纳米碳酸钙和二氧化硅的添加可大大促进PP树脂的光氧老化速度,添加量越大,这种促进作用越明显,并提出纳米填料表面的活性基团可在树脂光氧老化过程中起到活化促进作用。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种光稳定剂,该光稳定剂具有改进的光稳定效果,同时对于与其一同使用的无机填料有好的分散作用。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种光稳定剂的制备方法,该制备方法简单易于实施,且制备得到的产物收率高。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种光稳定剂的应用。
为达到上述第一个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种光稳定剂,其特征在于,具有如下式I所示的结构:
其中,R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自烷基或烷氧基中的一种或两种,n为2-4的整数。
为达到上述第二个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种光稳定剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将四甲基哌啶胺与化合物A混合,在溶剂存在的条件下进行开环加成反应,得所述光稳定剂;
其中,所述化合物A具有如下式II所示的结构:
所述R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自烷基或烷氧基中的一种或两种,n为2-4的整数。
进一步地,所述烷基为C1-C20的烷基,优选为C1-C10的烷基,示例性地,包括但不限于为甲基、乙基;所述烷氧基为C1-C20的烷氧基,优选为C1-C10的烷氧基,示例性地,包括但不限于为甲氧基、乙氧基。
进一步地,所述四甲基哌啶胺与化合物A的摩尔比为1:0.5~1.5。
进一步地,所述溶剂选自石油醚、丙酮、乙醇、甲苯、二甲苯中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述四甲基哌啶胺和化合物A的质量之和与所述溶剂的质量比为1:1~5。
进一步地,所述开环加成反应的温度为20~100℃,时间为4~10h。
为达到上述第三个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
如上第一个目的所述的光稳定剂在塑料制品的制备中的应用。
进一步地,将所述光稳定剂用于包括但不限于以PE、PP、PS、ABS中的一种或几种为基体树脂的塑料制品的制备中。
进一步地,所述光稳定剂在基体树脂中的质量百分含量为0.05-1%。示例性地,所述光稳定剂在基体树脂中的质量百分含量包括但不限于为0.1-0.7%、0.05-0.6%、0.05-0.3%、0.05-0.4%、0.3-0.6%、0.4-0.6%等。
进一步地,所述应用的方法包括如下步骤:
将所述光稳定剂与无机填料混合均匀;
待混合物冷却后,加入基体树脂,经预混、加工成型,得到所述塑料制品。
进一步地,所述无机填料选自二氧化硅、碳酸钙等中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述混合的温度为100-150℃,时间为5-10min。
进一步地,所述无机填料在基体树脂中的质量百分含量包括但不限于为1-10%、2-10%、5-10%、6%等。
如无特殊说明,本发明中使用的化学物质均可通过市售商购获得。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明中提供的光稳定剂的结构中,通过将四甲基哌啶胺与上述化合物A进行化学结合,形成的光稳定剂具有反应性。将其作为添加剂用于塑料制品的制备中时,在较小的添加量时即具有相对于四甲基哌啶胺类光稳定剂更优的光稳定效果外,同时还能降低塑料制品制备中使用的无机填料(如,二氧化硅、碳酸钙等)的聚集效应,进一步大幅减弱无机填料对树脂光氧老化的催化作用,从而赋予该塑料制品更优的物理机械性能。此外,由于该光稳定剂具有反应性,其可稳定地存在树脂体系中,从而使得得到的树脂制品具有长期的光稳定性和物理机械性能稳定性。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
光稳定剂A1的制备:
在装有温度计的四口烧瓶中,加入Ⅱ,1,1,6,6-四甲基哌啶胺105g,3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷53g,溶解于350g的甲苯溶剂中,装上冷凝管,开动搅拌器,升温至65℃水浴反应4h。开环加成反应后进行减压蒸馏出有机溶剂及未反应小分子中间体,即得目标产物,收率在94%。经红外表征可知,所得产物在910cm-1处左右的环氧基团特征峰消失,而在3300cm-1处左右有明显的醇羟基峰的存在。
实施例2
光稳定剂A2的制备:
在装有温度计的四口烧瓶中,加入Ⅱ,1,1,6,6-四甲基哌啶胺150g,3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三乙氧基硅烷120g,溶解于350g的乙醇溶剂中,装上冷凝管,开动搅拌器,升温至25℃水浴反应6h。开环加成反应后进行减压蒸馏出有机溶剂及未反应小分子中间体,即得目标产物,收率在96%。
实施例3
光稳定剂A3的制备:
在装有温度计的四口烧瓶中,加入Ⅱ,1,1,6,6-四甲基哌啶胺150g,3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基二甲氧基甲基硅烷150g,溶解于600g的石油醚溶剂中,装上冷凝管,开动搅拌器,升温至90℃水浴反应9h。开环加成反应后进行减压蒸馏出有机溶剂及未反应小分子中间体,即得目标产物,收率在93%。
实施例4
PE薄膜样品的制备:
将粒径为1250目的二氧化硅、实施例1制备得到的光稳定剂A1加入高速混合机,在130℃温度下混合6min。待混合物料冷却后,加入PE树脂及其它加工稳定助剂,常温混合5min,之后进行挤出造粒,并流延成60μm厚的薄膜样品。
其中,上述二氧化硅为6wt%,光稳定剂A1为0.4wt%,其它加工稳定剂助剂包括抗氧剂1010为0.05wt%,抗氧剂168为0.05wt%,硬脂酸钙(CaSt)为0.1wt%,所有质量分数均为占树脂的质量分数。
实施例5
PE薄膜样品的制备:
将粒径目数为1250目的二氧化硅、实施例1制备得到的光稳定剂A1加入高速混合机,在130℃温度下混合5min。待物料冷却后,加入PE树脂及其它加工稳定助剂,常温混合5min,之后进行挤出造粒,并流延成60μm厚的薄膜样品。
其中,上述二氧化硅为6wt%,光稳定剂A1为0.6wt%,其它加工稳定剂助剂包括抗氧剂1010为0.05wt%,抗氧剂168为0.05wt%,硬脂酸钙(CaSt)为0.1wt%,所有质量分数均为占树脂的质量分数。
实施例6
PP拉丝样品的制备:
将粒径目数为2000目的重质碳酸钙、实施例1制备得到的光稳定剂A1加入高速混合机,在135℃温度下混合7min。待物料冷却后,加入PP树脂及其它加工稳定助剂,常温混合5min,之后进行挤出造粒,并在拉丝机上拉成60μm厚的丝。
其中,上述碳酸钙为6wt%,光稳定剂A1为0.4wt%,其它加工稳定剂助剂包括抗氧剂1010为0.05wt%,抗氧剂168为0.05wt%,硬脂酸钙(CaSt)为0.1wt%,所有质量分数均为占树脂的质量分数。
实施例7
PE薄膜样品的制备:
重复实施例4,区别在于,将实施例4中的光稳定剂A1换成实施例2制备得到的光稳定剂A2,其余条件不变,制备得到PE薄膜样品。
实施例8
PP拉丝样品的制备:
重复实施例6,区别在于,将实施例4中的光稳定剂A1换成实施例2制备得到的光稳定剂A2,其余条件不变,制备得到PP纺丝样品。
实施例9
PE薄膜样品的制备:
重复实施例4,区别在于,将实施例4中的光稳定剂A1换成实施例3制备得到的光稳定剂A3,其余条件不变,制备得到PE薄膜样品。
实施例10
PP拉丝样品的制备:
重复实施例6,区别在于,将实施例4中的光稳定剂A1换成实施例3制备得到的光稳定剂A3,其余条件不变,制备得到PP拉丝样品。
对比例1
PE薄膜样品的制备:
重复实施例4,区别在于,将光稳定剂A1换成同等质量的1,1,6,6-四甲基哌啶胺与3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,其中,混合物中1,1,6,6-四甲基哌啶胺与3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的摩尔比为1:1.其余条件不变,制备得到60μm厚的薄膜样品。
对比例2
PE薄膜样品的制备:
重复实施例4,区别在于,将光稳定剂A1换成同等质量的3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷,其余条件不变,制备得到60μm厚的薄膜样品。
对比例3
PE薄膜样品的制备:
重复实施例4,区别在于,将光稳定剂A1换成同等质量的光稳定剂770,其余条件不变,制备得到60μm厚的薄膜样品。
对比例4
PE薄膜样品的制备:
重复实施例5,区别在于,将光稳定剂A1换成同等质量的光稳定剂944,其余条件不变,制备得到60μm厚的薄膜样品。
对比例5
PP拉丝样品的制备:
重复实施例6,区别在于,将光稳定剂A1换成光稳定剂770,其余条件不变,制备得到PP拉丝样品。
性能测试
测试上述各实施例及对比例制备得到的产品的性能。
其中,PE薄膜样品的测试方法为:分别制备试样样条,将各实施例及对比例所得样品在UV 340中进行紫外老化2000h,老化测试标准为ASTM G154-12,测试老化前后的拉伸强度,断裂伸长率。结果如下表1所示。
其中,PP纺丝样品的测试方法为:分别制备试样样条,将各实施例及对比例所得样品在UV 313中进行紫外老化144h,老化测试标准为ASTM G154-12,测试老化前后的最大拉力。结果如下表2所示。
表1
表2
老化前,最大拉力(N) | 老化后,最大拉力保留率/% | |
实施例6 | 74 | 86.7 |
对比例5 | 72 | 75.1 |
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述四甲基哌啶胺与化合物A的摩尔比为1:0.5~1.5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自石油醚、丙酮、乙醇、甲苯、二甲苯中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述四甲基哌啶胺和化合物A的质量之和与所述溶剂的质量比为1:1~5。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述开环加成反应的温度为20~100℃,时间为4~10h。
7.如权利要求1所述的光稳定剂在塑料制品的制备中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,将所述光稳定剂用于以PE、PP、PS、ABS中的一种或几种为基体树脂的塑料制品的制备中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述光稳定剂在基体树脂中的质量百分含量为0.05-1%。
10.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述光稳定剂在基体树脂中的质量百分含量为0.3-0.6%。
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