CN111098930B - 电动车辆 - Google Patents

电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN111098930B
CN111098930B CN201910675604.9A CN201910675604A CN111098930B CN 111098930 B CN111098930 B CN 111098930B CN 201910675604 A CN201910675604 A CN 201910675604A CN 111098930 B CN111098930 B CN 111098930B
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power supply
electric vehicle
fuel cell
cell stack
supply port
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CN111098930A (zh
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小林仁
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B60L50/71—Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
    • B62D21/152—Front or rear frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/30—Preventing theft during charging
    • B60L2270/34—Preventing theft during charging of parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供一种电动车辆，具备蓄电装置、前舱、供电口及外部供电装置。上述蓄电装置构成为对行驶用的电动机供给电力。上述前舱设于比上述电动车辆的车室靠上述电动车辆的前方侧。上述供电口构成为设于上述前舱并连接供电线缆。上述外部供电装置构成为从上述供电口向上述电动车辆的外部供给上述蓄电装置的电力。

Description

电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及具备蓄电装置、外部供电装置及前舱的电动车辆。
背景技术
作为这种电动车辆，提出有将能够使用车载的电池的电力进行外部供电的插座部设于车室内的结构(例如，参照日本特开2013-56646)。与插座部连接的线缆能够在侧门的门玻璃与框架之间穿过而向车室外延伸。
发明内容
这样，当在车室内设置有插座部(供电口)的情况下，由于从敞开的门、窗引出供电线缆，所以需要特别的防水措施、防盗措施，从而导致重量增加、成本增加。
本发明提供当在供电口连接供电线缆而向外部延伸的情况下不需要特别的防水措施、防盗措施的电动车辆。
本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆具备以下的结构。
电动车辆具备蓄电装置、前舱、供电口及外部供电装置。上述蓄电装置构成为对行驶用的电动机供给电力。上述前舱设于比上述电动车辆的车室靠上述电动车辆的前方侧。上述供电口构成为设于上述前舱并连接供电线缆。上述外部供电装置构成为从上述供电口向上述电动车辆的外部供给上述蓄电装置的电力。
根据本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆，向外部供给蓄电装置的电力的外部供电装置的供电口设置在设于比电动车辆的车室靠电动车辆的前方侧的前舱内。在将供电口设于车室内的电动车辆中，在打开门、窗的状态下使供电线缆从供电口向车外伸出，因此需要防水措施、防盗措施，但在本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆中，将供电口设于与车内独立的前舱内，因此能够不需要防水措施、防盗措施。
在本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆中，也可以是，还具备冲击吸收部件，上述冲击吸收部件设于上述前舱内并构成为通过变形吸收来自上述电动车辆的前方的冲击。上述供电口也可以设于比上述冲击吸收部件靠上述电动车辆的后方侧。根据该方式所涉及的电动车辆，能够相对于来自车辆前方的碰撞，适当地保护高电压部(外部供电装置)。
另外，在本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆中，也可以是，还具备与上述蓄电装置和上述电动机连接的电源控制单元。上述电源控制单元也可以构成为通过来自上述蓄电装置的电力驱动上述电动机。上述电源控制单元也可以设于上述电动车辆的前方侧。上述外部供电装置也可以与将上述电源控制单元和上述蓄电装置连接的电力线连接。根据该方式所涉及的电动车辆，能够缩短从电力线至供电口的布线，能够实现轻量化、成本减少。
并且，本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆也可以具备对前舱进行开闭的发动机罩。上述供电口也可以设置在向车辆下方离开上述发动机罩预定距离的位置。根据该方式所涉及的电动车辆，即便在行人的头部与发动机罩接触时也能够充分确保发动机罩的变形量，能够实现行人的保护。
另外，在本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆中，上述供电口也可以设置为上述供电线缆的插入口朝前斜上方。根据该方式所涉及的电动车辆，能够使用户向供电口的接触更加良好。
另外，在本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆中，也可以还具备配置于上述前舱内的燃料电池堆。上述供电口也可以设于比上述燃料电池堆的前面靠上述电动车辆的后方侧。根据该方式所涉及的电动车辆，能够相对于来自车辆前方的碰撞，适当地保护高电压部。
另外，在本发明的一个方式所涉及的电动车辆中，也可以还具备：燃料电池堆，配置于上述前舱内；及安装部，安装于上述燃料电池堆的外缘并构成为将上述燃料电池堆固定于上述电动车辆的车身。上述供电口也可以设于比上述安装部靠上述电动车辆的后方侧。安装部通常具有较高的刚性，因此能够相对于来自车辆前方的碰撞，适当地保护高电压部。
附图说明
下面将参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业重要性，附图中相同的数字表示相同的元件，并且其中：
图1是作为本发明的一实施例的电动车辆10的概略侧视图。
图2是电动车辆10的电气系统的框图。
图3是电动车辆10的前方部分的概略俯视图。
图4是电动车辆10的前方部分的概略侧视图。
具体实施方式
接下来，使用实施例对用于实施本发明的形式进行说明。
图1是作为本发明的一实施例的电动车辆10的概略侧视图，图2是电动车辆10的电气系统的框图。另外，图3是电动车辆10的前方部分的概略俯视图，图4是电动车辆10的前方部分的概略侧视图。
实施例的电动车辆10作为燃料电池车而构成，如图1、图2所示，具备电动机22、电源控制单元(以下称为PCU)23、作为蓄电装置的蓄电池28、燃料电池堆32、氢气罐34以及外部供电装置50。
电动机22作为同步发电电动机而构成，具备埋入有永磁铁的动子和卷绕有三相线圈的定子。如图1所示，电动机22配置于电动车辆10的后方侧，驱动电动车辆10的后轮。
如图2所示，PCU23由逆变器24和升压转换器26构成。逆变器24与电动机22连接并且与高电压侧电力线42连接。该逆变器24作为具有6个晶体管和6个二极管的公知的逆变器电路而构成。升压转换器26与高电压侧电力线42和低电压侧电力线44连接。该升压转换器26作为具有2个晶体管、2个二极管和电抗器的公知的升降压转换器电路而构成。如图1所示，PCU23配置于电动车辆10的前方侧(实施例中，在比乘坐者坐入的车室CA靠电动车辆10的前方侧设置的前舱FR内)。高电压侧电力线42以将配置于电动车辆10的后方侧的电动机22和配置于电动车辆10的前方侧的PCU23(逆变器24)连接的方式布线。
蓄电池28例如作为锂离子二次电池、镍氢二次电池而构成。如图1所示，蓄电池28配置于电动车辆10的后方侧(实施例中为车室CA的后侧座位的背侧)。蓄电池28与低电压侧电力线44连接。低电压侧电力线44以将配置于电动车辆10的后方侧的蓄电池28和配置于电动车辆10的前方侧的PCU23(升压转换器26)连接的方式布线。另外，在低电压侧电力线44安装有系统主继电器45。
燃料电池堆32作为固体高分子型燃料电池堆而构成，接受填充于氢气罐34的氢气和空气的供给，通过氢气和空气中的氧气的电化学反应进行发电。燃料电池堆32的输出端子经由FC用升压转换器36而与高电压侧电力线42连接。FC用升压转换器36作为具有2个晶体管、2个二极管及电抗器的公知的升压转换器电路而构成。如图3以及图4所示，燃料电池堆32配置于前舱FR内，并通过在燃料电池堆32的堆箱外缘的四角安装的安装部14固定于车身11的框架13。另外，在燃料电池堆32的电动车辆10的前方侧，配置有用于在电动车辆10的前面碰撞时以蛇腹状塑性屈曲变形而吸收冲击能量来保护燃料电池堆32的碰撞盒15。FC用升压转换器36配置于燃料电池堆32的上方。
外部供电装置50具备连接有外部供电器150的供电线缆152的供电口52和包含供电用继电器54、未图示的熔断器的供电箱。供电口52经由供电线46而与低电压侧电力线44连接。如图4所示，供电口52向电动车辆10的下方离开发动机罩12预定距离L，并且配置在比燃料电池堆32的主体(堆箱)前表面、作为冲击吸收部件的碰撞盒15、燃料电池堆32的安装部14中的电动车辆10的前侧的安装部14靠电动车辆10的后方侧的位置。另外，供电口52形成为供电线缆152的插入口朝前斜上方。供电用继电器54安装于供电线46。如图4所示，供电箱配置于燃料电池堆32的上方。在本实施例中，供电箱通过单一的箱体而与FC用升压转换器36一体化。
对于这样构成的实施例的电动车辆10而言，若操作设于车室内的未图示的供电开关，则使系统主继电器45和供电用继电器54接通。由此，用户打开发动机罩12，将外部供电器150的供电线缆152配置于前舱FR，与供电口52连接。外部供电器150将来自蓄电池28的直流电力、由燃料电池堆32发电产生的直流电力转换为交流电力而向与外部供电器150连接的电设备输出。供电口52配置为供电线缆152的插入口朝前斜上方，因此能够容易实现由用户进行的供电线缆152的拔插。
此处，考虑将供电口设于车室CA内的比较例的电动车辆。在该比较例的电动车辆中，为了配置供电线缆152并与供电口连接，需要打开电动车辆的窗、门，存在雨水浸入到车室CA内或放置于车室CA内的物品被盗的担忧。因此，在比较例的电动车辆中，需要防水措施、防盗措施。相对于此，在本实施例的电动车辆10中，将供电口52设于与车室CA独立的前舱FR，因此不需要上述防水措施、防盗措施。另外，通过将供电口52设于前舱FR，不需要在车身11设置专用的供电盖，因此能够抑制成本增加。
另外，供电口52配置在比设于燃料电池堆32的前方侧的碰撞盒15靠电动车辆10的后方侧的位置，因此能够相对于电动车辆10的正面碰撞保护高电压部(外部供电装置50)。另外，供电口52配置在比安装于燃料电池堆32的安装部14中的电动车辆10的前方侧的安装部14靠电动车辆10的后方侧的位置，因此能够相对于电动车辆10的斜向碰撞保护高电压部。并且，供电口52配置在比燃料电池堆32的前面靠电动车辆10的后方侧的位置，因此能够相对于电动车辆10的钻撞保护高电压部。这样，相对于多种碰撞形式，能够实现高电压部的保护。
并且，供电口52配置为向电动车辆10的下方离开发动机罩12预定距离L，因此即便例如行人的头部与发动机罩12接触而发动机罩12变形，也能够防止行人的头部与硬质的供电口52接触，能够实现行人保护。
在以上说明的本实施例的电动车辆10中，将蓄电池28的电力向外部供给的外部供电装置50的供电口52设于在比车室CA靠电动车辆10的前方侧设置的前舱FR内。对于将供电口设于车室CA内的电动车辆而言，在打开门、窗的状态下使供电线缆152从供电口向车外延伸，因此需要防水措施、防盗措施，但在本实施例的电动车辆10中，将供电口52设于与车室CA独立的前舱FR内，因此能够不需要防水措施、防盗措施。
另外，在本实施例的电动车辆10中，供电口52配置于比碰撞盒15靠车辆的后方侧。由此，能够相对于前面碰撞(正面碰撞)适当地保护高电压部。
并且，在本实施例的电动车辆10中，外部供电装置50与将PCU23(升压转换器26)和蓄电池28连接的低电压侧电力线44连接，PCU23设于电动车辆10的前方侧。由此，能够缩短从低电压侧电力线44至供电口52为止的布线，能够实现轻量化、成本减少。
另外，在本实施例的电动车辆10中，供电口52设置在相对于对前舱FR进行开闭的发动机罩12而向电动车辆10的下方离开预定距离L的位置。由此，即便行人的头部与发动机罩12接触而使发动机罩12变形，也能够防止头部与硬质的供电口52接触，能够实现行人的保护。
另外，在本实施例的电动车辆10中，供电口52配置为供电线缆152的插入口朝前斜上方。由此，用户能够容易拔插供电线缆152。
另外，在本实施例的电动车辆10中，供电口52配置在比配置于前舱内的燃料电池堆32的前表面靠电动车辆10的后方侧。由此，能够相对于前面碰撞(钻撞)保护高电压部。
另外，在本实施例的电动车辆10中，供电口52配置在比燃料电池堆32的安装部14中的车辆前侧的安装部14靠电动车辆10的后方侧。安装部14通常具有较高的刚性，因此能够相对于前面碰撞(斜向碰撞)而适当地保护高电压部。
在实施例中，供电口52配置为插入口朝前斜上方。但是，供电口52也可以配置为，根据其配置位置而使插入口朝正上方、左斜上方、右斜上方。
在实施例中，成为使用通过燃料电池堆32发电产生的电力来驱动电动机22而行驶的燃料电池车的形式。但是，也可以是不具备燃料电池堆的电动汽车的形式，也可以是除了电动机22还具备发动机的混合动力汽车的形式。在这种情况下，外部供电装置50的供电口52与电动车辆10的形式匹配地配置于前舱内的适当的位置即可。此外，若考虑到向供电口的接触的容易度，则期望供电口配置在为了保护高电压部而比碰撞盒等靠电动车辆10的后方侧，并且尽可能配置在电动车辆10的前方侧。
以上，使用实施例对用于实施本发明的形式进行为了说明，但本发明完全不限定于这样的实施例，在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内能够以各种形式实施是不言而喻的。
本发明能够在电动车辆的制造工业中利用。

Claims (13)

1.一种电动车辆，其特征在于，具备：
蓄电装置，构成为对行驶用的电动机供给电力；
前舱，设于比所述电动车辆的车室靠所述电动车辆的前方侧；
供电口，设于被发动机罩覆盖的所述前舱内并构成为连接供电线缆；及
外部供电装置，构成为从所述供电口向所述电动车辆的外部供给所述蓄电装置的电力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
还具备冲击吸收部件，所述冲击吸收部件设于所述前舱内并构成为通过变形吸收来自所述电动车辆的前方的冲击，
所述供电口设于比所述冲击吸收部件靠所述电动车辆的后方侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
还具备与所述蓄电装置和所述电动机连接的电源控制单元，
所述电源控制单元构成为通过来自所述蓄电装置的电力驱动所述电动机，
所述电源控制单元设于所述电动车辆的前方侧，
所述外部供电装置与将所述电源控制单元和所述蓄电装置连接的电力线连接。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
还具备与所述蓄电装置和所述电动机连接的电源控制单元，
所述电源控制单元构成为通过来自所述蓄电装置的电力驱动所述电动机，
所述电源控制单元设于所述电动车辆的前方侧，
所述外部供电装置与将所述电源控制单元和所述蓄电装置连接的电力线连接。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
所述发动机罩对所述前舱进行开闭，
所述供电口设置在向车辆下方离开所述发动机罩预定距离的位置。
6.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
所述供电口设置为所述供电线缆的插入口朝前斜上方。
7.根据权利要求5所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
所述供电口设置为所述供电线缆的插入口朝前斜上方。
8.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
还具备配置于所述前舱内的燃料电池堆，
所述供电口设于比所述燃料电池堆的前表面靠所述电动车辆的后方侧。
9.根据权利要求5所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
还具备配置于所述前舱内的燃料电池堆，
所述供电口设于比所述燃料电池堆的前表面靠所述电动车辆的后方侧。
10.根据权利要求6所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，
还具备配置于所述前舱内的燃料电池堆，
所述供电口设于比所述燃料电池堆的前表面靠所述电动车辆的后方侧。
11.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，还具备：
燃料电池堆，配置于所述前舱内；及
安装部，安装于所述燃料电池堆的外缘，并构成为将所述燃料电池堆固定于所述电动车辆的车身，
所述供电口设于比所述安装部靠所述电动车辆的后方侧。
12.根据权利要求5所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，还具备：
燃料电池堆，配置于所述前舱内；及
安装部，安装于所述燃料电池堆的外缘，并构成为将所述燃料电池堆固定于所述电动车辆的车身，
所述供电口设于比所述安装部靠所述电动车辆的后方侧。
13.根据权利要求6所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，还具备：
燃料电池堆，配置于所述前舱内；及
安装部，安装于所述燃料电池堆的外缘，并构成为将所述燃料电池堆固定于所述电动车辆的车身，
所述供电口设于比所述安装部靠所述电动车辆的后方侧。
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