CN111084054A - Method for preparing hericium erinaceus strain from Huangjiang flower fungus material - Google Patents
Method for preparing hericium erinaceus strain from Huangjiang flower fungus material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111084054A CN111084054A CN202010108973.2A CN202010108973A CN111084054A CN 111084054 A CN111084054 A CN 111084054A CN 202010108973 A CN202010108973 A CN 202010108973A CN 111084054 A CN111084054 A CN 111084054A
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- hericium erinaceus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a hericium erinaceus strain by using a turmeric flower fungus material, which comprises the following steps: preparing a solid culture medium bottled with the turmeric flower fungus material for later use by taking the underground stem of the turmeric flower, rice bran and glucose as raw materials according to a certain proportion; collecting Hericium erinaceus, cutting off fungus spines, sterilizing, cutting Hericium erinaceus into a plurality of 0.005 m × 0.01 m squares, inoculating 1 square to each bottle of solid culture medium of Curcuma alismatifolia, and inoculating 20-30 bottles of mother seeds to each Hericium erinaceus; inoculating the culture bottle, culturing at 24 deg.C in dark for about 30 days to obtain Hericium Erinaceus stock. Each bottle of mother seeds can be subcultured into 20 bags of stock seeds to produce 600 kg of cultivated seeds; after one hericium erinaceus is produced, 12000-18000 kg of cultivars can be produced. The invention replaces liquid or agar culture medium with the solid culture medium bottled by the turmeric fungus material, has simple and convenient operation, low cost and no chemical pollution, and can be used for preparing edible fungus strains such as dictyophora indusiata and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of strain production, strain selection, lignin and cellulose degradation enzymes and the like of edible fungi such as hericium erinaceus, dictyophora indusiata and the like, in particular to a method for preparing hericium erinaceus strains by using turmeric flower strain materials, which can improve the preparation efficiency of the edible fungi such as the hericium erinaceus, the dictyophora indusiata and the like and develop new strain material turmeric flower.
Background
Yellow ginger flower (Huangjiang HuaHedychium flavum) The perennial herb of the genus zingiberaceae, which blooms in autumn and winter, has deep yellow flowers, is butterfly-like in shape, has fragrant and pure smell, is refreshing, flowers sequentially bloom from bottom to top, is extremely beautiful, and can bloom 3 to 5 buds by natural cultivation, and the flowering period of each flower is about 30 days; is determined as one of the six flowers in the five-tree six flowers by the Buddhism temple. In Sanskrit mountain and its surrounding areas, inflorescences are often used as a flavor. The yellow ginger flower is simple to cultivate, dense in plants, high in growth rate of 1.5 m, less in weeds, less in manpower, free of rich soil, high in underground stem yield which can exceed 2 ten thousand jin per mu, rich in saccharides such as lignin and cellulose and the like, and is a good raw material for fungus materials.
Hericium erinaceus (A)Hericium erinaceus) The hericium erinaceus is a fungus of the family of the dentistry, namely hericium erinaceus, monkey mushroom, hericium erinaceus, monkey mushroom and the like, is named only because the appearance is exactly like the hericium erinaceus, is a traditional and famous dish in China, and is tender in meat, fragrant in taste, delicious and tasty. Is one of four famous vegetables (hedgehog hydnum, bear paw, bird's nest and shark's fin). It is called mountain hedgehog hydnum and sea shark's fin. Meanwhile, hericium erinaceus is also a medicinal material, and a medicine prepared from the hericium erinaceus is called hou gu mushroom tablets, which is recorded on page 207 of volume 15 of the drug standard of ministry of health of the people's republic of China: the product is prepared into tablets by processing hericium erinaceus, has the effects of nourishing the stomach and regulating the middle warmer, and is used for treating gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis. "in addition, nowMany researches on medical science and pharmacology of the substitute summarize medicinal effects of hericium erinaceus polysaccharide into various physiological functions of improving immunity, resisting tumors, resisting aging, reducing blood fat and the like. The hericium erinaceus is successfully cultivated and researched in China in 1959, only by the first time that the hericium erinaceus yield in China is in the world in 1979, the hericium erinaceus is already sold across the country and is sold far in the United states, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and the like. At present, most provinces in China adopt bagged facilities to cultivate hericium erinaceus. In recent years, the college of cuprem takes wild hericium erinaceus successfully domesticated from Sanjing mountain as a seed source, named as 'Jianyan No. 1 Hericium erinaceus', and realizes the production of the Sanjing mountain Hericium erinaceus in the forest in winter within 2 years. But the production cost is still higher, wherein the production cost of the fungus material, the strain culture link and the like is relatively higher.
Bamboo fungus (Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers) Fisch.)Dictyophpraspp) Also called bamboo fungus, bamboo ginseng, immortal fungus, etc., belonging to macrofungi of Dictyophora of Phallaceae. Edible Dictyophora Indusiata (Dictyophora Indusiata) artificially cultivated in ChinaPhallus duplicatusBosc Fisch), Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers.))Phallus indusiatusVent.), Dictyophora rubrovalvata (Vent.)Dictyophora rubrovoluataZang, Ji et Liou) and Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers.))Dictyophora echinouloluataZhang, zheng. et Hu) 4 varieties, wherein dictyophora indusiata is the largest in market and the best in sale, and the number of varieties is about 150 to 600 yuan per kg. The production of dictyophora indusiata has the yield value of about 3-6 ten thousand yuan/mu per year, and is one of the edible fungus species with the highest income; the bamboo fungus health food contains 19 amino acids, multiple vitamins and trace elements beneficial to human health, is a high-grade nutritional food, and is famous for four precious materials, namely the head of bamboo fungus, hericium erinaceus, lentinus edodes and tremella, is popular with consumers, has extremely high reputation in the international market, and is concerned by a plurality of scholars with the theory of bamboo fungus golden price. At present, researches on dictyophora indusiata mainly focus on the aspects of organic matter extraction, separation and identification, the analysis of the chemical components and the antibacterial action of an extract, the analysis of various functional activities such as oxidation resistance, blood fat reduction, immunity improvement and the like, the extraction, purification, identification, biochemical characteristics and the like of polysaccharide, glycoprotein and agglutinin.
Although edible fungi such as hericium erinaceus and dictyophora indusiata are widely researched, the edible fungi strains (strains refer to pure mycelium formed by artificially culturing sporocarp (edible part) or spore (equivalent to plant seed) of the edible fungi) are divided into mother strains, protospecies and cultivars according to the source, propagation algebra and production purpose of the strains in production, wherein the mother strains refer to the first-class, second-class and third-class strains, the mother strains refer to the pure mycelium obtained by propagating part or spore of the sporocarp of the edible fungi in a culture medium, the mother strains can propagate the protospecies, and can also be used for strain preservation, the protospecies refers to the second-class mycelium obtained by propagating the hyphae of the mother strains on a solid culture medium, the process enhances the adaptability of the hyphae to the culture environment and plays a role in propagation, the protospecies can directly produce mushrooms, and the cultivars refer to be propagated by the protospecies, mainly for propagation, for production, enough strains are provided), and the like, the problems of using chemical reagents, needing fresh bamboo, wasting raw materials (in the process of preparing a potato culture medium, the potato only takes soup, most of potato residues are discarded), relatively complicated preparation process (in the process of preparing the culture medium, the pH value needs to be filtered or adjusted, and the like), or using grain rice as raw materials exist, and the problems are also one of the direct reasons for high price of hericium erinaceus and dictyophora indusiata, so that the research on the application of pollution-free raw materials of mushroom materials, the use of few or no chemical reagents, the reduction of production process links, the reduction of cost, and the like has important practical significance in the production of edible fungi.
In addition, in the preparation of general edible fungus mother seeds, a liquid culture medium and an agar culture medium are used, hypha rarely produces lignin and cellulose degrading enzymes, a process of exciting hypha lignin and cellulose degrading enzymes for a long time is needed in the inoculation process from the mother seeds to the original seeds, after the lignin and the cellulose degrading enzymes are produced, carbohydrate substances such as lignin and the like are effectively utilized, but the process of exciting the lignin and the cellulose degrading enzymes is long, the phenomenon that hypha of the original seeds grow irregularly exists, and partial hypha is aged or the hypha does not grow to meet the production requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the method for preparing the hericium erinaceus strain by using the turmeric flower fungus material specifically comprises the following steps.
1) Preparation of culture medium for Curcuma alismatifolia
Removing impurities from underground stem of Curcuma rhizome, pulverizing into granule with diameter less than 0.01 m, and sun drying. 20% of dried underground stem of the yellow ginger flower, 4% of rice bran, 3% of glucose and 73% of citric acid solution with the pH value of 6.0 to form a hericium erinaceus mother culture medium, subpackaging the hericium erinaceus mother culture medium in 350 ml transparent culture bottles, filling 180 ml of culture medium in each bottle, covering an antibacterial and breathable cover, sterilizing for 120 minutes at 125 ℃ by high-pressure steam, and keeping for later use.
2) Hericium erinaceus treatment, disinfection and inoculation
Collecting healthy and spherical hericium erinaceus with an individual weight of more than 0.05 kg and a length of a bur of less than 0.005 m, cleaning an air-dried scalpel blade with tap water, cutting off the bur, disinfecting for 2 minutes with 75% alcohol on an ultra-clean workbench, disinfecting for 30 minutes with a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 2% effective chlorine, cleaning for 7 times with sterile water, cutting into squares with the side length of about 0.005 m multiplied by 0.01 m in a sterile culture dish, and inoculating one square into each bottle of culture medium. Each hericium erinaceus can be inoculated with 20-30 bottles of the hericium erinaceus.
3) Culturing in dark
The inoculated culture bottle is placed at 24 ℃ and is cultured in the dark, and the cultured mother seeds are obtained in about 30 days. Each bottle of mother seeds can be subcultured into 20 bags of stock seeds to produce 600 kg of cultivated seeds; after one hericium erinaceus is produced, 12000-18000 kg of cultivars can be produced, and the shortest time is only 80 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1) the yield of the underground stem of the turmeric flower per mu can exceed 2 ten thousand jin, the cost is low, the method can replace grains such as potatoes or rice and the like, a new fungus material can be developed, and the production cost is saved.
2) The mother culture medium does not need agar and grain, and after the hypha of the mother culture grows and consumes glucose, the lignin and cellulose of the underground stem of the yellow ginger flower induce the hypha to generate gene expression of lignin and cellulose degradation enzymes, so that the lignin and cellulose of the yellow ginger flower are effectively utilized, and the functions of the common liquid culture medium and the agar culture medium are not realized. About 25 days after the hyphae of the mother seeds grow over the culture medium, most of glucose is consumed by the hyphae, the hyphae of the mother seeds are in a relative hunger state, and the hyphae are stimulated to generate gene expression of lignin and cellulose degradation enzymes within about 5 days, so that corresponding degradation enzymes are generated; the 30-day time is combined with lignin and cellulose of the rhizomes of the turmeric flowers to complete the gene expression activation and generation process of degradation enzymes, which is one of the core contents of the invention.
3) The rhizomes of the turmeric flowers with the diameter smaller than 0.01 meter particles and the rice bran are combined to form main components of the culture medium, except for a carbon source and a nitrogen source for hypha growth, the rice bran has the effect of filling gaps of the rhizomes of the turmeric flowers, and when the stock culture medium is inoculated by using tweezers, the inoculation of the rhizomes of the turmeric flowers is convenient for lumping and lumping, and is faster than the inoculation of an agar culture medium; compared with a liquid culture medium, the method has the advantages of low technical requirement, easy check of whether the mother seeds are polluted or not and improvement of the pollution detection rate.
4) Citric acid solution with pH of 6.0, wherein citric acid (C)6H8O7•2H2O) concentration of 7.78 mg/kg, and a small amount of citric acid was used, but a stable pH was maintained, which was suitable for hyphal growth.
5) Collecting healthy and strong spherical hericium erinaceus with the individual weight of more than 0.05 kg and the length of the fungus stick of less than 0.005 m, which is an optimal breeding process and can ensure the quality; washing the dried scalpel blade with tap water, and cutting off fungus spines to prevent the internal tissues of the fruiting body of the hericium erinaceus from being polluted due to contact with sundry fungi in the air as much as possible; on a superclean workbench, 75% alcohol is disinfected for 2 minutes, 2% effective chlorine sodium hypochlorite solution is disinfected for 30 minutes, and sterile water is used for cleaning for 7 times, so that the disinfection effect is good.
6) Each bottle of mother seeds can be subcultured into 20 bags of stock seeds to produce 600 kg of cultivated seeds; after one hericium erinaceus is produced, 12000-18000 kg of cultivars can be produced, and the shortest time is only 80 days. Thus, the propagation coefficient is large and the time is short
7) The invention is also suitable for the strain production of edible fungi such as dictyophora indusiata and the like, has great potential for being applied to the large-scale production of the edible fungi, and has wide market prospect.
8) The invention reduces the preparation steps of the liquid culture medium or the agar culture medium, avoids the environmental pollution of the potato culture medium garbage, reduces the operation time and the labor power, reduces the production cost and improves the working efficiency.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Removing impurities from underground stem of Curcuma rhizome, pulverizing into granule with diameter less than 0.01 m, and sun drying. 20% of dried underground stem of the yellow ginger flower, 4% of rice bran, 3% of glucose and 73% of citric acid solution with the pH value of 6.0 to form a hericium erinaceus mother culture medium, subpackaging the hericium erinaceus mother culture medium in 350 ml transparent culture bottles, filling 180 ml of culture medium in each bottle, covering an antibacterial and breathable cover, sterilizing for 120 minutes at 125 ℃ by high-pressure steam, and keeping for later use. Collecting spherical healthy hericium erinaceus with the individual weight of about 0.1 kg and the length of the fungus spines smaller than 0.005 m, cleaning an air-dried scalpel blade with tap water, cutting the fungus spines, disinfecting the scalpel blade on an ultra-clean workbench for 2 minutes by using 75% alcohol, disinfecting the scalpel blade for 30 minutes by using a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 2% effective chlorine, cleaning the scalpel blade for 7 times by using sterile water, cutting the scalpel blade into squares with the side length of about 0.005 m multiplied by 0.01 m in a sterile culture dish, and inoculating one square in each bottle of culture medium. Each hericium erinaceus was inoculated into 30 flasks. Placing the inoculated culture bottle in a light-proof culture at 24 ℃ for 30 days to obtain a cultured mother strain. Subculturing 20 bags of stock seeds in each bottle of mother seeds to produce 600 kg of cultivated seeds; after one hericium erinaceus is produced, 18000 kg of cultivated species are produced, and the shortest time is only 80 days.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing hericium erinaceus strains by using Huangjiang flower fungus materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of culture medium for Curcuma alismatifolia
Removing impurities from underground stem of Curcuma rhizome, pulverizing into granule with diameter less than 0.01 m, and sun drying; 20% of dried underground stem of the yellow ginger flower, 4% of rice bran, 3% of glucose and 73% of citric acid solution with the pH value of 6.0 to form a hericium erinaceus mother culture medium, subpackaging the hericium erinaceus mother culture medium in 350 ml transparent culture bottles, filling 180 ml of culture medium in each bottle, covering an antibacterial and breathable cover, sterilizing for 120 minutes at 125 ℃ by high-pressure steam for later use;
2) hericium erinaceus treatment, disinfection and inoculation
Collecting spherical healthy hericium erinaceus with the individual weight of more than 0.05 kg and the length of the fungus spines of less than 0.005 m, cleaning an air-dried scalpel blade with tap water, cutting the fungus spines, disinfecting the scalpel blade on an ultra-clean workbench for 2 minutes by using 75% alcohol, disinfecting the scalpel blade for 30 minutes by using a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 2% effective chlorine, cleaning the scalpel blade for 7 times by using sterile water, cutting the hericium erinaceus into square blocks with the side length of about 0.005 m multiplied by 0.01 m in a sterile culture dish, and inoculating one square block into each bottle of culture medium; each hericium erinaceus can be inoculated with 20-30 bottles of seeds;
3) culturing in dark
Placing the inoculated culture bottle in a light-tight culture at 24 ℃ for about 30 days to obtain a cultured mother strain; each bottle of mother seeds can be subcultured into 20 bags of stock seeds to produce 600 kg of cultivated seeds; after one hericium erinaceus is produced, 12000-18000 kg of cultivars can be produced, and the shortest time is only 80 days.
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- 2020-02-21 CN CN202010108973.2A patent/CN111084054A/en active Pending
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| CN104041324A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2014-09-17 | 杭州常青保健食品有限公司 | Method for culturing monkey head mushrooms |
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