CN111073739B - 金属冷塑成型润滑剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
金属冷塑成型润滑剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111073739B CN111073739B CN201911251851.2A CN201911251851A CN111073739B CN 111073739 B CN111073739 B CN 111073739B CN 201911251851 A CN201911251851 A CN 201911251851A CN 111073739 B CN111073739 B CN 111073739B
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MHWZQNGIEIYAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum diselenide Chemical compound [Se]=[Mo]=[Se] MHWZQNGIEIYAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LJDSTRZHPWMDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCNCCO LJDSTRZHPWMDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical group CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylethanolamine Chemical compound CNCCO OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明属于金属冷塑成型用润滑剂技术领域，公开一种金属冷塑成型润滑剂，按重量份数计，其包括以下组分及含量：润滑载体膜层2～6份，润滑浆料10～28份，离型剂1～5份，水65～80份；上述的润滑载体膜层为水溶性异丁烯‑马来酸酐共聚物；同时公开上述金属冷塑成型润滑剂的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：将润滑载体膜层、润滑浆料、离型剂和水依次加入混料缸中，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨10～20分钟，再经过滤，得到液体状金属冷塑成型润滑剂。本发明的金属冷塑成型润滑剂润滑效果好，成型产品塑性精度高，从而大大提高了金属冷塑成型的生产效率，同时也使模具的使用寿命得到了延长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属冷塑成型用润滑剂技术领域，尤其是涉及一种金属冷塑成型润滑剂及其制备方法，此水性润滑剂主要应用于金属材料的冷挤压、冷拔、拉拔、冷镦等冷塑成型工艺。
背景技术
金属成型加工工序包括：锻造、轧制、挤压、拉拔和薄板成型，通过使金属在应力下塑性变形制成金属件。在金属冷塑成型的过程中，被加工金属与模具之间相对运动时接触表面间产生阻止切向运动的阻力，即外摩擦力。外摩擦力的存在会使加工所需的力、能量增加，因此必须要对金属表面进行润滑处理。如果其表面的润滑达不到要求，将会使加剧模具磨损，工件表面发生粘连、擦伤、划痕等现象。因此，润滑技术的开发能够促进金属冷塑成型加工的发展。
金属冷挤压成型工艺所用的润滑剂早期采用磷化—皂化生产工艺，主要是通过化学反应在金属表面生成一层均匀牢固结合在金属基体表面生成磷酸盐膜，但是，工序复杂，原材料和能源消耗大，总工作环境差，成膜慢，而且含磷废液的排放会造成环境污染。目前市场上大多使用石墨型润滑剂，这种润滑剂对于金属冷塑成型有一定的润滑效果，但是，生产环境中黑色粉尘污染严重，生产环境不好，不利于工人的身体健康。还有一种硅烷膜层润滑剂，硅烷膜是反应型的，不易控制，膜层太薄会容易刺穿膜层影响润滑性能，膜层太厚则导致工件塑性加工精度达不到要求，而且残渣沉淀物比较多，影响膜层性能。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种化学稳定性好、成膜性能好的金属冷塑成型润滑剂；同时，提供上述金属冷塑成型润滑剂的制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种金属冷塑成型润滑剂，按重量份数计，其包括以下组分及含量：润滑载体膜层2～6份，润滑浆料10～28份，离型剂1～5份，水65～80份；上述的润滑载体膜层为水溶性异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物；上述的润滑浆料由润滑剂、分散剂、消泡剂和水制备而成，各个组分的重量百分比含量为：润滑剂20～35％、分散剂2～6％、消泡剂0.1～0.5％、水58.5～77％，上述各个组分含量之和为100％，其中，润滑剂为三聚氰胺-氰尿酸络合物、硼酸锌、纳米二硫化钨、硒化钼中的一种或几种组合，分散剂为脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种组合，消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂，制备得到的润滑浆料为固含量30～40wt％、粘度≤30mPa·S、粒径≤20μm的均匀分散液。
进一步地，上述的润滑载体膜层的制备方法为：在反应釜中加入水，在搅拌下加入碱并缓慢升温到40～60℃；再加入异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物快速升温到80～100℃时，再缓慢升温到110～140℃，直至液体变清澈，保温1～2小时；调整pH值为6～8，上述的水、碱、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物的质量比为70～80:5～10:18～30。
更进一步地，上述的碱溶液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或氨水。
进一步地，上述的离型剂为硅酮粉乳液，其由硅酮粉、乳化剂、分散剂、稳定剂、消泡剂和水制备而成，各个组分的重量百分比含量为：硅酮粉15～30％，乳化剂2～5％，分散剂1～2％，稳定剂0.5％～2％，消泡剂0.1～0.5％，水60.5～81.4％，上述各个组分含量之和为100％；其中，硅酮粉粒径为2000目～5000目，乳化剂为非离子表面活性剂或两性表面活性剂，消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂，分散剂为脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐；离型剂的制备方法为：在乳化罐里加入水、乳化剂搅拌混匀，加入硅酮粉以5000～8000r/min转速高速剪切乳化20～40min，接着加入分散剂使物料完全乳化分散20～40min后，再加入消泡剂、稳定剂以1500～2500r/min转速低速分散30～50min制备而成，得到的硅酮粉乳液为固含量20～35wt％、粘度≤50mPa·S、粒径≤5μm的均匀乳液。
上述的非离子表面活性剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸甲酯聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种组合。
上述的两性表面活性剂为十二烷基乙氧基磺基甜菜碱、十二烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、十二烷基二甲基磺丙基甜菜碱、十四烷酰胺丙基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱中的一种或几种组合。
上述的稳定剂为一异丙醇胺、二甘醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺、丁基乙醇胺或环己胺。
上述的水为自来水或去离子水。
上述金属冷塑成型润滑剂的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：将润滑载体膜层、润滑浆料、离型剂和水依次加入混料缸中，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨10～20分钟，再经过滤，得到液体状金属冷塑成型润滑剂。
由于采用如上所述的技术方案，本发明具有如下优越性：
本发明金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其润滑载体膜层采用的异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物能够很好的粘附在金属表面，热稳定性能好，达到350°以上分解成二氧化碳和水，残留少；润滑剂中使用的三聚氰胺-氰尿酸络合物是一种滑腻的白色粉末，摩察系数低，约为0.04～0.05，有耐高温、高压、高负荷的性能，有很好的承载能力；硅酮粉具有高效的润滑性能，能够提高流动性和脱模性能。
本发明金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其化学稳定性好，膜层均匀，膜层黏附性好，有很大的表面膨胀性能，成膜性能好，残留少，容易清洗，润滑效果好，成型产品塑性精度高，从而大大提高了金属冷塑成型的生产效率，同时也使模具的使用寿命得到了延长；采用本发明的金属冷塑成型润滑剂制作的零配件，经加工得到的零件表面光洁，精确度高，加工零件表面在工序停留期间不会腐蚀，能满足生产线及后处理工艺要求，使用方便；本发明的金属冷塑成型润滑剂更加环保，有利于改善生产环境，减少粉尘对身体健康的危害，可以重复多次使用，清洗方便，安全无污染。
具体实施方式
参照以下实施例可以对本发明作进一步详细说明；但是，以下实施例仅仅是例证，本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
首先，制备润滑载体膜层：在反应釜中加入35kg水，在搅拌下加入2.5kg氢氧化钠并缓慢升温到50℃；再加入9kg异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物快速升温到80℃时，在搅拌下缓慢升温到110℃直至液体变清澈，保温1小时；调整pH值在6～8之间，得到润滑载体膜层，备用；
其次，制备润滑浆料：在高速均质分散机里加入72.8kg水、1kg脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯和1kg脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚搅拌混合，再加入5kg三聚氰胺-氰尿酸络合物、10kg硼酸锌和10kg硒化钼高速分散，再加入200g聚醚消泡剂，剪切分散2小时，得到粘度30mPa·S、平均粒度15μm、固含量32wt％的均匀分散液，备用；
再次，制备离型剂：在乳化罐里加入64.2kg水、2kg烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚搅拌混匀，加入30kg硅酮粉以5000r/min转速高速剪切乳化20分钟后，接着加入1.5kg脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐分散20分钟使物料完全乳化分散后，再加入300g聚醚消泡剂和2kg三乙醇胺以1500r/min转速低速分散50分钟，得到粘度50mPa·S、平均粒度5μm、固含量31wt％的均匀乳液，备用；
最后，在混料缸中依次加入3kg润滑载体膜层、15kg润滑浆料、2kg离型剂和70kg水，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨20分钟，再经过滤，即得到金属冷塑成型润滑剂。
实施例2
首先，制备润滑载体膜层：在反应釜中加入70kg水，在搅拌下加入5kg氢氧化钾并缓慢升温到55℃；再加入18kg异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物快速升温到90℃时，在搅拌下缓慢升温到120℃直至液体变清澈，保温1.2小时；调整pH值在6～8之间，得到润滑载体膜层，备用；
其次，制备润滑浆料：在高速均质分散机里加入61.9kg水、3kg脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯搅拌混合，再加入30kg三聚氰胺-氰尿酸络合物、5kg纳米二硫化钨高速分散，再加入100g聚醚消泡剂，剪切分散2.5小时，得到粘度30mPa·S、平均粒度15μm、固含量38wt％的均匀分散液，备用；
再次，制备离型剂：在乳化罐里加入76.9kg水、3kg脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚搅拌混匀，加入18kg硅酮粉以6000r/min转速高速剪切乳化30分钟后，接着加入1kg脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐分散10分钟使物料完全乳化分散后，再加入100g聚醚消泡剂和1kg二甘醇胺以1800r/min转速低速分散40分钟，得到粘度50mPa·S、平均粒度5μm、固含量20wt％的均匀乳液，备用；
最后，在混料缸中依次加入6kg润滑载体膜层、25kg润滑浆料、5kg离型剂和80kg水，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨30分钟，再经过滤，即得到金属冷塑成型润滑剂。
实施例3
首先，制备润滑载体膜层：在反应釜中加入80kg水，在搅拌下加入10kg氨水并缓慢升温到55℃；再加入30kg异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物快速升温到100℃时，在搅拌下缓慢升温到140℃直至液体变清澈，保温2小时；调整pH值在6～8之间，得到润滑载体膜层，备用；
其次，制备润滑浆料：在高速均质分散机里加入58.5kg水、2kg脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和4kg十二烷基硫酸钠搅拌混合，再加入20kg硼酸锌、5kg纳米二硫化钨和10kg硒化钼高速分散，再加入500g聚醚消泡剂，剪切分散3小时，得到粘度20mPa·S、平均粒度18μm、固含量36wt％的均匀分散液，备用；
再次，制备离型剂：在乳化罐里加入66.55kg水、4.5kg十二烷基乙氧基磺基甜菜碱搅拌混匀，加入25kg硅酮粉以7000r/min转速高速剪切乳化30分钟后，接着加入2kg脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐分散30分钟使物料完全乳化分散后，再加入450g聚醚消泡剂和1.5kg丁基乙醇胺以2000r/min转速低速分散35分钟，得到粘度40mPa·S、平均粒度3μm、固含量27wt％的均匀乳液，备用；
最后，在混料缸中依次加入5kg润滑载体膜层、10kg润滑浆料、5kg离型剂和75kg水，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨30分钟，再经过滤，即得到金属冷塑成型润滑剂。
实施例4
首先，制备润滑载体膜层：在反应釜中加入100kg水，在搅拌下加入12.5kg氢氧化钠并缓慢升温到58℃；再加入37kg异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物快速升温到95℃时，在搅拌下缓慢升温到130℃直至液体变清澈，保温2小时；调整pH值在6～8之间，得到润滑载体膜层，备用；
其次，制备润滑浆料：在高速均质分散机里加入65.6kg水、3kg甲基戊醇和1kg聚丙烯酰胺搅拌混合，再加入18kg三聚氰胺-氰尿酸络合物和12kg纳米二硫化钨高速分散，再加入400g聚醚消泡剂，剪切分散2小时，得到粘度25mPa·S、平均粒度10μm、固含量33wt％的均匀分散液，备用；
再次，制备离型剂：在乳化罐里加入60.5kg水、3kg十二烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱和2kg十二烷基二甲基磺丙基甜菜碱搅拌混匀，再加入30kg硅酮粉以8000r/min转速高速剪切乳化30分钟后，加入2kg脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐分散10分钟使物料完全乳化分散后，再加入500g聚醚消泡剂和2kg环己胺以2500r/min转速低速分散30分钟，得到粘度40mPa·S、平均粒度3μm、固含量27wt％的均匀乳液，备用；
最后，在混料缸中依次加入5kg润滑载体膜层、22kg润滑浆料、5kg离型剂和70kg水，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨30分钟，再经过滤，即得到金属冷塑成型润滑剂。
实施例5
首先，制备润滑载体膜层：在反应釜中加入120kg水，在搅拌下加入15kg氢氧化钠并缓慢升温到60℃；再加入45kg异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物快速升温到100℃时，在搅拌下缓慢升温到140℃直至液体变清澈，保温2小时；调整pH值在6～8之间，得到润滑载体膜层，备用；
其次，制备润滑浆料：在高速均质分散机里加入61.5kg水、3kg脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和2kg聚丙烯酰胺搅拌混合，再加入16kg三聚氰胺-氰尿酸络合物、8kg硼酸锌和9kg硒化钼高速分散，再加入500g聚醚消泡剂，剪切分散2小时，得到粘度25mPa·S、平均粒度10μm、固含量35wt％的均匀分散液，备用；
再次，制备离型剂：在乳化罐里加入60.5kg水、2kg十二烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱和3kg癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱搅拌混匀，再加入30kg硅酮粉以8000r/min转速高速剪切乳化30分钟后，加入2kg脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐分散10分钟使物料完全乳化分散后，再加入500g聚醚消泡剂和2kg环己胺以2500r/min转速低速分散30分钟，得到粘度40mPa·S、平均粒度3μm、固含量27wt％的均匀乳液，备用；
最后，在混料缸中依次加入6kg润滑载体膜层、27kg润滑浆料、5kg离型剂和80kg水，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨30分钟，再经过滤，即得到金属冷塑成型润滑剂。
将上述各个实施例制备得到的金属冷塑成型润滑剂进行测试，测试结果如表1所示。
表1金属冷塑成型润滑剂的有关参数及摩擦特性
由表1中的数据可以看出，本发明的金属冷塑成型润滑剂具有极高的抗磨性能，在金属塑性加工行业如齿轮挤压成型、紧密管件冷拔、螺丝螺帽挤压成型中已得到成功应用，并且产品精度高，模具使用寿命长。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，而非对本发明的限制，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，凡依本发明申请专利范围所作的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的专利保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其特征是：其按重量份数计，包括以下组分及含量：润滑载体膜层2～6份，润滑浆料10～28份，离型剂1～5份，水65～80份；上述的润滑载体膜层为水溶性异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物；上述的润滑浆料由润滑剂、分散剂、消泡剂和水制备而成，各个组分的重量百分比含量为：润滑剂20～35％、分散剂 2～6％、消泡剂0.1～0.5％、水58.5～77％，上述各个组分含量之和为100％，其中，润滑剂为三聚氰胺-氰尿酸络合物、硼酸锌、纳米二硫化钨、硒化钼中的一种或几种组合，分散剂为脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种组合，消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂，制备得到的润滑浆料为固含量30～40wt%、粘度≤30mPa·S、粒径≤20μm的均匀分散液；上述的离型剂为硅酮粉乳液，其由硅酮粉、乳化剂、分散剂、稳定剂、消泡剂和水制备而成，各个组分的重量百分比含量为：硅酮粉15～30％，乳化剂2～5％，分散剂1～2％，稳定剂0.5%～2%，消泡剂0.1～0.5％，水60.5～81.4％，上述各个组分含量之和为100％；其中，硅酮粉粒径为2000目～5000目，乳化剂为非离子表面活性剂或两性表面活性剂，消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂，分散剂为脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐；离型剂的制备方法为：在乳化罐里加入水、乳化剂搅拌混匀，加入硅酮粉以5000～8000r/min转速高速剪切乳化20～40min，接着加入分散剂使物料完全乳化分散20～40min后，再加入消泡剂、稳定剂以1500～2500 r/min转速低速分散30～50min制备而成，得到的硅酮粉乳液为固含量20～35wt%、粘度≤50 mPa•S、粒径≤5μm的均匀乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其特征是：其润滑载体膜层的制备方法为：在反应釜中加入水，在搅拌下加入碱并缓慢升温到40～60℃；再加入异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物快速升温到80～100℃时，再缓慢升温到110～140℃，直至液体变清澈，保温1～2小时；调整pH值为6～8，上述的水、碱、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物的质量比为70～80:5～10:18～30。
3.根据权利要求2所述的金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其特征是：其碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或氨水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其特征是：其非离子表面活性剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸甲酯聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其特征是：其两性表面活性剂为十二烷基乙氧基磺基甜菜碱、十二烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、十二烷基二甲基磺丙基甜菜碱、十四烷酰胺丙基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、癸烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱中的一种或几种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其特征是：其稳定剂为一异丙醇胺、二甘醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺、丁基乙醇胺或环己胺。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的金属冷塑成型润滑剂，其特征是：其水为自来水或去离子水。
8.一种权利要求1～7中任一权利要求所述的金属冷塑成型润滑剂的制备方法，其特征是：其包括以下步骤：将润滑载体膜层、润滑浆料、离型剂和水依次加入混料缸中，混合均匀，将混合物输入立式砂磨机内研磨10～20分钟，再经过滤，得到液体状金属冷塑成型润滑剂。
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