CN111073264B - 一种自行车坐垫及其成型工艺 - Google Patents

一种自行车坐垫及其成型工艺 Download PDF

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CN111073264B
CN111073264B CN201911383639.1A CN201911383639A CN111073264B CN 111073264 B CN111073264 B CN 111073264B CN 201911383639 A CN201911383639 A CN 201911383639A CN 111073264 B CN111073264 B CN 111073264B
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朱巧敏
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Wenling Dongfanghong Cycle Parts Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种自行车坐垫及其成型工艺。自行车坐垫的成型工艺包括以下步骤:S1、准备模具:准备自行车坐垫的上模和下模;S2、塑炼挤出:将自行车坐垫的原料注入混炼机中,混炼成熔融物料,挤出造粒,获得颗粒物;S3、合模:将步骤S1中颗粒物熔融后注入注塑上模和下模构成的坐垫型腔内,注入完成后,向坐垫型腔内注入蒸汽,合模时间为6‑10min;S4、冷却脱模:待自行车坐垫固化后,冷却,开模,将自行车坐垫取出。本发明的自行车坐垫具有弹性持久,耐磨性和耐久性好,硬度舒适且较为环保,能抗菌、防闷热的优点。

Description

一种自行车坐垫及其成型工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及自行车配件技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种自行车坐垫及其成型工艺。
背景技术
自行车的坐垫是在骑行中与人体接触最多的部分,也是主要承载人体重量的部分,自行车坐垫设计的好坏直接影响人在骑车过程中的舒适性。
现有的大部分自行车坐垫通常由弹性材料制成的内层包裹上外套皮进行缝合而成,弹性材料为泡沫塑料或海绵材料,外套皮为皮革或塑性材料,内层和外套皮一般需要进行分开生产,最后由人工进行组装缝合,生产工艺较为繁琐,生产成本较高,且因为外套皮较薄,外套皮在与人体臀部反复接触的过程中,出现磨损、破裂,当外套皮出现破碎,内部的内层就暴露出来,进一步加剧了坐垫的损坏,自行车坐垫的耐磨性和耐久性较差。
目前,也有厂家通过往模具内注入熔融塑料发泡的方式生产自行车坐垫,如申请号为CN201710044072.X的中国发明专利申请文件中公开了一种自行车坐垫及其套皮的加工方法,套皮的加工方法包括以下步骤:步骤a,将塑料熔融;步骤b,将熔融状态下的塑料注入到注塑模具中,在注入模具的过程中往模具内吹气进行发泡;步骤c,冷却成型之后脱模。
但是这种车垫用套皮采用PVC材料制成,PVC材料具有难降解的特性,且近距离接触能闻到刺鼻性气味,因此较为不环保。
ETPU材料不含软质段,是由无定型的分子链和刚性分子链组成,具有很高的弹性,同样具有高强度的抗冲击性,耐高低温稳定性高,ETPU颗粒在高温高压下像爆米花一样发泡膨胀到原来体积的10倍,为追求舒适和轻松,多数企业将ETPU颗粒应用于鞋底制作,鞋底受到压力后,能够将压力减少一半大小,穿着更安全更方便,鞋底本身在压力消失后,即可恢复到原来的形状。因为ETPU的优越性,现在包装材料、缓冲垫片、跑道地板、自行车坐垫都可以看到它的身影。
ETPU材料应用于自行车坐垫时,在骑行时,因臀部与坐垫长时间接触并摩擦,使得坐垫的弹性减小,硬度变大,骑行者坐骨上下摆动时,坐垫受力不均,使得骑行者在骑行时舒适度不足。
因此研发一种弹性持久性好,硬度舒适且较为环保的自行车坐垫是需要解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种弹性持久性好,硬度舒适且较为环保的自行车坐垫。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种自行车坐垫的成型工艺,其具有制成的自行车坐垫弹性高,持久性好,硬度舒适且环保的优点。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种自行车坐垫,其具有弹性持久性好,硬度舒适且较为环保的优点。
为实现上述第一个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种自行车坐垫,包括热塑性聚氨酯弹性体,自行车坐垫一体制成。
通过采用上述技术方案,采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体材料,并一体制成,采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的弹性优异,具有优异的回弹效果和缓冲性能,加工过程环保、高效。
为实现上述第二个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种自行车坐垫的成型工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备模具:准备自行车坐垫的上模和下模;
S2、塑炼挤出:将自行车坐垫的原料注入混炼机中,混炼成熔融物料,挤出造粒,获得颗粒物;
S3、合模:将步骤S1中颗粒物熔融后注入注塑上模和下模构成的坐垫型腔内,注入完成后,向坐垫型腔内注入蒸汽,合模时间为6-10min;
S4、冷却脱模:待自行车坐垫固化后,冷却,开模,将自行车坐垫取出通过采用上述技术方案,将混炼后的物料挤出造粒,在熔融注入模具中,可使各原料混合更加均匀,制得的自行车坐垫柔软性更加舒适。
进一步地,所述步骤S3中,上模和下模的一侧均开设有进气口和出气口,注入蒸汽时,先从上模一侧的进入口注气,再从下模一侧的进气口注气,最后上模和下模的进气孔一同注气。
通过采用上述技术方案,首先从上模和下模的单侧依次向模具内注入蒸汽,能使蒸汽对自行车坐垫的一侧进行加热,再上模和下模一同注入蒸汽,两侧同时进行加热,能使制得的自行车坐垫质量更好。
进一步地,所述上模和下模单独注气的蒸汽压力为0.2-0.3MPa,注气时间为1-2min,上模和下模一同注气的蒸汽压力为0.75-0.85MPa,注气时间为4-6min。
通过采用上述技术方案,合理控制上模和下模的注气压力和时间,使自行车坐垫的成型效果好,舒适度高。
进一步地,所述步骤S2中原料在混炼机中先在160-170℃下混炼7-10min,再降温至140-150℃下混炼3-6min。
通过采用上述技术方案,现在高温环境下混炼,再降温混炼,使各原料混合均匀。
为实现上述第三个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种自行车坐垫,包括以下重量份的组分:30-45份热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、20-30份改性聚乙烯醇、15-25份聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、15-30份填料、0.05-0.1份发泡剂、0.03-0.08份交联剂、0.1-0.5份增塑剂。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、改性聚乙烯醇和聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯(PBAT)等制备自行车坐垫,各原料均为可降解原料,制备的自行车坐垫较为环保,同时热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的硬度适中,与改性聚乙烯醇和耐老化性、耐疲劳性优异,自润滑和低摩擦系数的PBAT协同作用,能增强自行车坐垫的弹性、耐磨性和耐久性,使坐垫硬度适中,舒适度高。
进一步地,所述改性聚乙烯醇由以下方法制成:将0.8-2.8重量份芭蕉芋淀粉、0.8-1.6重量份明胶和0.3-0.8重量份硼酸混合,加入1.2-3.4重量份聚乙烯醇,并不断通入甲醛气体,密封搅拌2-4h,取出,加入0.6-1.2重量份二氧化硅和0.3-0.5重量份硅藻泥,混合搅拌均匀,制得改性聚乙烯醇。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于使用芭蕉芋淀粉、明胶和硼酸对聚乙烯醇进行改性,能提高聚乙烯醇的耐水性,同时加入二氧化硅和硅藻泥,二氧化硅能增加聚乙烯醇的拉伸强度和柔韧性,以增加自行车坐垫的舒适性和耐磨性,而硅藻泥作为异味吸附剂,能消除聚乙烯醇在加工时产生的刺鼻性,使制作的自行车坐垫较为环保、安全。
进一步地,所述填料为滑石粉、黄土球、麦饭石球和膨胀珍珠岩的一种或几种的组合物。
通过采用上述技术方案,滑石粉和膨胀珍珠岩能增强自行车坐垫的拉伸性能,降低自行车坐垫的收缩率,提高其光稳定性和耐候性腐蚀性,若二者配合使用,效果更好,黄土球、麦饭石球置于自行车坐垫内,能起到抗菌防霉的效果,且能吸附自行车坐垫的异味,调节湿度,防止自行车坐垫保持表面干燥。
进一步地,所述聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为6-10万,熔融指数为3.2-3.5g/10min。
进一步地,所述自行车坐垫中还包括散热抗菌组分,所述散热抗菌组分的用量为6-12份,所述散热抗菌组分由以下方法制成:(1)将经过球磨机研磨的粉煤灰进行离子束照射,制得改性粉煤灰,与浓度为3-5mol/L的碳酸钠溶液混合,制得粉煤灰凝胶液,粉煤灰与碳酸钠溶液的质量比为1:2-3;
(2)将1-1.5重量份硝酸银、0.6-0.9重量份壳聚糖和3-4.5重量份纳米二氧化钛混合均匀,并在80-100℃下干燥,冷却,制得改性纳米二氧化钛;
(3)将1-2重量份水性BOPP树脂溶解于1.5-2.5重量份的水中,制成水性BOPP乳液,将0.6-0.9重量份氧化铝、1.1-1.5重量份碳化硅、0.8-1.2重量份玻璃微珠、1.1-1.5重量份粉煤灰凝胶液和0.8-1.2重量份改性纳米二氧化钛,加入到水性BOPP乳液中,混合均匀,固化后粉碎,制得散热抗菌组分。
通过采用上述技术方案,使用粉煤灰经离子束照射改性,并与碳酸钠溶液混合制成粉煤灰凝胶液,不仅可以实现废物利用,减少排废量,经过离子束照射的粉煤灰与碳酸钠混合后,能形成三维网络结构,对改性纳米二氧化钛的缓释作用得到提升,能延长自行车坐垫的抗菌效果;水性BOPP树脂溶解后掺入氧化铝、碳化硅和玻璃微珠,三者的导热系数大,散热性能好,掺入自行车坐垫中,能快速散热,防止使用者骑行时间较长时,臀部与坐垫摩擦产生热量,而使得臀部较为闷热且易出汗。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
第一、由于本发明采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为自行车坐垫的主要原料,并与改性聚乙烯醇和PBAT配合使用,经改性后的聚乙烯醇耐水性和拉伸强度得到提升,PBAT的硬度适中,自润滑和摩擦系数小,耐磨性好,从而使制得的自行车坐垫没有刺鼻性气味,且弹性好,长时间使用后,柔软度适中,弹性持久性好,耐磨性和耐久性好。
第二、本发明中优选采用芭蕉芋淀粉、二氧化硅和硅藻泥等对聚乙烯醇进行改性,使得聚乙烯醇的耐水性得到提升,柔软度增加,且硅藻泥使聚乙烯醇在加工时没有刺鼻性气味,使自行车坐垫较为环保、柔软度适中。
第三、本发明中优选采用粉煤灰、改性纳米二氧化钛、水性BOPP树脂等制成散热抗菌成分,经离子束照射的粉煤灰表面保护膜破裂,与碳酸钠溶液混合制得的三维网结构,能使改性纳米二氧化钛和银离子缓慢释放,从而增强自行车坐垫的抗菌持久性;同时掺入导热系数大,且散热性好的氧化铝、碳化硅和玻璃微珠,使自行车坐垫的防闷热效果、散热效果较好。
第四、本发明中在上模和下模上均开设进气口和出气口,且依次从上模和下模的进气口向模具内注入蒸汽,再上模和下模一共注入蒸汽,使蒸汽能充分进入模具内,使制得的自行车坐垫柔软度高,舒适性好。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
改性聚乙烯醇的制备例1-3
制备例1-3中芭蕉芋淀粉选自广西田林荣安农业发展有限公司出售的货号为2019的芭蕉芋淀粉、明胶选自河南冠琪生物科技有限公司出售的货号为T6325的明胶、聚乙烯醇选自上海影佳实业发展有限公司出售的牌号为PVA2699的聚乙烯醇、二氧化硅选自统麒化工(上海)有限公司出售的货号为T-1的二氧化硅、硅藻泥选自东莞金派工贸有限公司出售的货号为JP0010的硅藻泥。
制备例1:将0.8kg芭蕉芋淀粉、0.8kg明胶和0.3kg硼酸混合,加入1.2kg聚乙烯醇,并不断通入甲醛气体,密封搅拌2h,取出,加入0.6kg二氧化硅和0,3kg硅藻泥,混合搅拌均匀,制得改性聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇的聚合度为2550,醇解度为99%。
制备例2:将1.3kg芭蕉芋淀粉、1.2kg明胶和0.5kg硼酸混合,加入2.3kg聚乙烯醇,并不断通入甲醛气体,密封搅拌3h,取出,加入0.9kg二氧化硅和0.4kg硅藻泥,混合搅拌均匀,制得改性聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇的聚合度为2600,醇解度为99%。
制备例3:将2.8kg芭蕉芋淀粉、1.6kg明胶和0.8kg硼酸混合,加入3.4kg聚乙烯醇,并不断通入甲醛气体,密封搅拌4h,取出,加入1.2kg二氧化硅和0.5kg硅藻泥,混合搅拌均匀,制得改性聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇的聚合度为2650,醇解度为99%。
散热抗菌组分的制备例4-6
制备例4-6中水溶性BOPP树脂选自广州旺三科技有限公司出售的型号为WS-532的水溶性BOPP树脂,壳聚糖选自河南瑞华生物科技有限公司出售的货号为6322的壳聚糖,碳化硅选自东莞市金英磨料科技有限公司出售的型号为W63的碳化硅,玻璃微珠选自河南丰凯耐火材料有限公司出售的型号为FK-BLWZ的玻璃微珠,纳米二氧化钛选自上海井宏化工科技有限公司出售的型号为R-350的纳米二氧化钛。
制备例4:(1)将经过球磨机研磨的粉煤灰进行离子束照射,制得改性粉煤灰,与浓度为3mol/L的碳酸钠溶液混合,制得粉煤灰凝胶液,粉煤灰与碳酸钠溶液的质量比为1:2;
(2)将1kg硝酸银、0.6kg壳聚糖和3kg纳米二氧化钛混合均匀,并在80℃下干燥,冷却,制得改性纳米二氧化钛;
(3)将1kg水性BOPP树脂溶解于1.5kg的水中,制成水性BOPP乳液,将0.6kg氧化铝、1.1kg碳化硅、0.8kg玻璃微珠、1.1kg粉煤灰凝胶液和0.8kg改性纳米二氧化钛,加入到水性BOPP乳液中,混合均匀,固化后粉碎,制得散热抗菌组分。
制备例5:(1)将经过球磨机研磨的粉煤灰进行离子束照射,制得改性粉煤灰,与浓度为4mol/L的碳酸钠溶液混合,制得粉煤灰凝胶液,粉煤灰与碳酸钠溶液的质量比为1:2.5;
(2)将1.3kg硝酸银、0.7kg壳聚糖和4kg纳米二氧化钛混合均匀,并在90℃下干燥,冷却,制得改性纳米二氧化钛;
(3)将1.5kg水性BOPP树脂溶解于2kg的水中,制成水性BOPP乳液,将0.7kg氧化铝、1.3kg碳化硅、1kg玻璃微珠、1.3kg粉煤灰凝胶液和1kg改性纳米二氧化钛,加入到水性BOPP乳液中,混合均匀,固化后粉碎,制得散热抗菌组分。
制备例6:(1)将经过球磨机研磨的粉煤灰进行离子束照射,制得改性粉煤灰,与浓度为5mol/L的碳酸钠溶液混合,制得粉煤灰凝胶液,粉煤灰与碳酸钠溶液的质量比为1:3;
(2)将1.5kg硝酸银、0.9kg壳聚糖和4.5kg纳米二氧化钛混合均匀,并在100℃下干燥,冷却,制得改性纳米二氧化钛;
(3)将2kg水性BOPP树脂溶解于2.5kg的水中,制成水性BOPP乳液,将0.9kg氧化铝、1.5kg碳化硅、1.2kg玻璃微珠、1.5kg粉煤灰凝胶液和1.2kg改性纳米二氧化钛,加入到水性BOPP乳液中,混合均匀,固化后粉碎,制得散热抗菌组分。
实施例
实施例1-8中热塑性聚氨酯弹性体选自余姚市迈多塑化有限公司出售牌号为WHT-6235的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体,滑石粉选自广州市辽化化工有限公司出售的货号为1781的滑石粉,黄土球选自灵寿县鹏显矿产品加工厂出售的货号为010的黄土球,麦饭石球选自灵寿县鸿鹏矿产品加工厂出售的货号为736-8的麦饭石球,膨胀珍珠岩选自灵寿县石运开矿产品加工厂出售的货号为F3的膨胀珍珠岩,乙烯-辛烯嵌段性共聚物选自东莞市东硕塑胶原料有限公司出售的牌号为9017的乙烯-辛烯嵌段性共聚物,聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯选自金发科技股份出售的型号Flex-64D的聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯。
实施例1:一种自行车坐垫,其原料配比如表1所示,该自行车坐垫一体成型,具体的成型工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备模具:准备自行车坐垫的上模和下模;
S2、塑炼挤出:将30kg热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、20kg改性聚乙烯醇、15kg聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、15kg填料、0.05kg发泡剂、0.03kg交联剂和0.1kg增塑剂注入混炼机中,先在160℃下混炼10min,再降温至140℃下混炼6min,混炼成熔融物料,挤出造粒,获得颗粒物;改性聚乙烯醇由制备例1制成,聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为6万,熔融指数为3.2g/10min,填料为滑石粉,发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺,交联剂为二叔丁基过氧化异丙基苯,增塑剂为乙烯-辛烯嵌段性共聚物;
S3、合模:将步骤S1中颗粒物熔融后注入注塑上模和下模构成的坐垫型腔内,在注入过程中,往坐垫型腔内注入蒸汽,上模和下模的一侧均开设有进气口和出气口,注入蒸汽时,先从上模一侧的进入口注气,再从下模一侧的进气口注气,最后上模和下模的进气孔一同注气,上模和下模单独注气的蒸汽压力为0.2MPa,注气时间为2min,上模和下模一同注气的蒸汽压力为0.75MPa,注气时间为6min,总合模时间为10min;
S4、冷却脱模:待自行车坐垫固化后,冷却,开模,将自行车坐垫取出。
表1实施例1-8中自行车坐垫的原料配比
Figure BDA0002342923860000071
实施例2:一种自行车坐垫,其原料配比如表1所示,该自行车坐垫的成型工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备模具:准备自行车坐垫的上模和下模;
S2、塑炼挤出:将35kg热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、23kg改性聚乙烯醇、18kg聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、20kg填料、0.06kg发泡剂、0.05kg交联剂和0.2kg增塑剂注入混炼机中,先在165℃下混炼8min,再降温至140℃下混炼5min,混炼成熔融物料,挤出造粒,获得颗粒物;改性聚乙烯醇由制备例2制成,聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为8万,熔融指数为3.3g/10min,填料为黄土球,发泡剂为碳酸盐,碳酸盐具体指碳酸镁,交联剂为过氧化氢二异丙苯,增塑剂为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物;
S3、合模:将步骤S1中颗粒物熔融后注入注塑上模和下模构成的坐垫型腔内,在注入过程中,往坐垫型腔内注入蒸汽,上模和下模的一侧均开设有进气口和出气口,注入蒸汽时,先从上模一侧的进入口注气,再从下模一侧的进气口注气,最后上模和下模的进气孔一同注气,上模和下模单独注气的蒸汽压力为0.25MPa,注气时间为1.5min,上模和下模一同注气的蒸汽压力为0.8MPa,注气时间为5min,总合模时间为8min;
S4、冷却脱模:待自行车坐垫固化后,冷却,开模,将自行车坐垫取出。
实施例3:一种自行车坐垫,其原料配比如表1所示,该自行车坐垫的成型工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备模具:准备自行车坐垫的上模和下模;
S2、塑炼挤出:将40kg热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、25kg改性聚乙烯醇、20kg聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、25kg填料、0.08kg发泡剂、0.06kg交联剂和0.3kg增塑剂注入混炼机中,先在170℃℃下混炼7min,再降温至150℃下混炼3min混炼成熔融物料,挤出造粒,获得颗粒物;改性聚乙烯醇由制备例3制成,聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为10万,熔融指数为3.5g/10min,填料为质量比为1:1的麦饭石球和膨胀珍珠岩,发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠,交联剂为过氧化苯甲酰,增塑剂为质量比为1:1的邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二异丁脂;S3、合模:将步骤S1中颗粒物熔融后注入注塑上模和下模构成的坐垫型腔内,在注入过程中,往坐垫型腔内注入蒸汽,上模和下模的一侧均开设有进气口和出气口,注入蒸汽时,先从上模一侧的进入口注气,再从下模一侧的进气口注气,最后上模和下模的进气孔一同注气,上模和下模单独注气的蒸汽压力为0.3MPa,注气时间为1min,上模和下模一同注气的蒸汽压力为0.85MPa,注气时间为4min,总合模时间为6min;
S4、冷却脱模:待自行车坐垫固化后,冷却,开模,将自行车坐垫取出。
实施例4-5:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,其原料配比如表1所示,该自行车坐垫的成型工艺与实施例1相同。
实施例6:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,其原料中还包括散热抗菌组分,该自行车坐垫的原料配比如表1所示,散热抗菌组分由制备例4制成。
实施例7:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,其原料中还包括散热抗菌组分,该自行车坐垫的原料配比如表1所示,散热抗菌组分由制备例5制成。
实施例8:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,其原料中还包括散热抗菌组分,该自行车坐垫的原料配比如表1所示,散热抗菌组分由制备例6制成。
对比例
对比例1:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,其原料中未添加改性聚乙烯醇。
对比例2:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,其原料中改性聚乙烯醇由未改性聚乙烯醇替代。
对比例3:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,其原料中未添加聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯。
对比例4:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,散热抗菌组分中未添加粉煤灰凝胶液;
对比例5:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,散热抗菌组分中未添加改性纳米二氧化钛
对比例6:一种自行车坐垫,与实施例1的区别在于,散热抗菌组分中未添加氧化铝、碳化硅和玻璃微珠。
对比例7:以申请号为CN201710044072.X的中国发明专利中实施例1制备的自行车套皮作为对照,一种自行车坐垫的套皮的加工方法,包括如下步骤:步骤a,将塑料在150℃的条件下熔融,塑料包括如下成分:PVC为100份,增塑剂为90份,发泡剂为5份;步骤b,将熔融状态下的塑料注入到注塑模具中,在注入模具的过程中往模具内吹气进行发泡,吹气压力为6MPa;步骤c,冷却成型之后脱模。
性能检测试验
一、按照实施例1-8、对比例1-3和对比例7中的方法制备自行车坐垫,且按照以下方法检测自行车坐垫的舒适性、耐久性和环保性等性能,将检测结果记录于表2中:
1、舒适性:根据GB/T10807-2006《软质泡沫聚合材料的硬度测定(压陷法)》中规定的方法,在WDW3020电子万能实验机上进行坐垫压陷硬度的测定,测试其在25%的压陷硬度、40%的压陷硬度和65%的压陷硬度;
2、耐久性:使用疲劳试验机在自行车坐垫上施加1000N的力,连续施加200000次,观察坐垫表面情况;
3、环保性:在自行车坐垫的近处,闻坐垫是否有刺鼻的异味;
4、耐磨性:在自行车坐垫上施加150kg的力,进行连续多天的连续骑行,观察坐垫是否变形;
5、弹性模量:在自行车坐垫上施加100kg的力,连续多天骑行,骑行10天后按照GB/T14694-2993《塑料压缩弹性模量的测定》检测坐垫弹性。
表2自行车坐垫的舒适性、耐久性和环保性等性能检测结果
Figure BDA0002342923860000091
Figure BDA0002342923860000101
由表2中数据可以看出,按照实施例1-5中方法制备的自行车坐垫具有较低的压陷硬度,具有较高的舒适性,且耐久性和耐磨性好,无刺鼻气味,较为环保,弹性模量小,软硬度合适,且弹性持久性好,不易变形。
对比例1中因未添加改性聚乙烯醇,对比例2中因使用未改性的聚乙烯醇替代改性聚乙烯醇,由表2中的检测结果可以看出,对比例1和对比例2制备的自行车坐垫的压陷硬度较大,且耐磨性和耐久性较差,使用未改性的聚乙烯醇制备的自行车坐垫有刺鼻的气味,环保性较差,弹性模量高,易变性。
对比例3因未添加聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯,由对比例3制备的自行车坐垫的压陷硬度大,舒适性降低,弹性模量变大,耐磨性和耐久性变差。
对比例7为现有技术使用PVA制备自行车坐垫套皮,其压陷硬度大,耐磨性和耐久性差,且有刺鼻性气味,环保性不足,弹性模量较大。
二、按照实施例6-8和对比例4-7中方法制备自行车坐垫,且按照以下方法检测自行车的长效抗菌性能和散热性能,检测结果记录于表3中:
1、抗菌性能:按照QB/T2591-2003A《抗菌塑料抗菌性能试验方法和抗菌效果》中方法检测,检测用菌:大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)ATCC25922,金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ATCC6538;
2、散热性能:抽取100名志愿者,在夏季连续骑行2小时,利用感官评价对骑行式自行车坐垫的散热效果进行评价,感官评价标准为:臀部不闷热、不出汗:7-10份;臀部稍闷热但未出汗:4-6.9分;臀部闷热且出汗:0-3.9分,100名志愿者的评价结果取平均值。
表3实施例6-8和对比例4-7制备的自行车坐垫的性能检测
Figure BDA0002342923860000111
由表3中数据可以看出,按照实施例6-8中方法制备的自行车坐垫抗菌持久性较好,且散热性能达到8.8-9.2分,连续骑行后不会闷热且不会出汗,具有较好的散热性。
而对比例4因散热抗菌组分中未添加粉煤灰凝胶液,对比例5因散热抗菌组分中未添加改性纳米二氧化钛,由表3中数据可以看出,对比例4和对比例5制备的自行车坐垫的抗菌性能不持久;对比例6因散热抗菌组分中未添加氧化铝、碳化硅和玻璃微珠,对比例6制备的自行车坐垫虽具有较好的抗菌持久性,但其散热效果较差,仅3.2分;对比例7为现有技术制备的PVC自行车套皮,其抗菌性不持久,且散热性较差,骑行时易出现闷热和出汗的现象。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (5)

1.一种自行车坐垫的成型工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备模具:准备自行车坐垫的上模和下模;
S2、塑炼挤出:将自行车坐垫的原料注入混炼机中,混炼成熔融物料,挤出造粒,获得颗粒物;
S3、合模:将步骤S2 中颗粒物熔融后注入注塑上模和下模构成的坐垫型腔内,注入完成后,向坐垫型腔内注入蒸汽,合模时间为6-10min;上模和下模的一侧均开设有进气口和出气口,注入蒸汽时,先从上模一侧的进入口注气,再从下模一侧的进气口注气,最后上模和下模的进气孔一同注气;所述上模和下模单独注气的蒸汽压力为0.2-0.3MPa,注气时间为1-2min,上模和下模一同注气的蒸汽压力为0.75-0.85MPa,注气时间为4-6min;
S4、冷却脱模:待自行车坐垫固化后,冷却,开模,将自行车坐垫取出;
自行车坐垫的成型工艺制成的自行车坐垫,包括以下重量份的组分:30-45份热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、20-30份改性聚乙烯醇、15-25份聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、15-30份填料、0.05-0.1份发泡剂、0.03-0.08份交联剂、0.1-0.5份增塑剂;
所述改性聚乙烯醇由以下方法制成:将0.8-2.8重量份芭蕉芋淀粉、0.8-1.6重量份明胶和0.3-0.8重量份硼酸混合,加入1.2-3.4重量份聚乙烯醇,并不断通入甲醛气体,密封搅拌2-4h,取出,加入0.6-1.2重量份二氧化硅和0.3-0.5重量份硅藻泥,混合搅拌均匀,制得改性聚乙烯醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自行车坐垫的成型工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中原料在混炼机中先在160-170℃下混炼7-10min,再降温至140-150℃下混炼3-6min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自行车坐垫的成型工艺,其特征在于,所述填料为滑石粉、黄土球、麦饭石球和膨胀珍珠岩的一种或几种的组合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自行车坐垫的成型工艺,其特征在于,所述聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为6-10万,熔融指数为3.2-3.5g/10min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自行车坐垫的成型工艺,其特征在于,所述自行车坐垫中还包括散热抗菌组分,所述散热抗菌组分的用量为6-12份,所述散热抗菌组分由以下方法制成:(1)将经过球磨机研磨的粉煤灰进行离子束照射,制得改性粉煤灰,与浓度为3-5mol/L的碳酸钠溶液混合,制得粉煤灰凝胶液,粉煤灰与碳酸钠溶液的质量比为1:2-3;
(2)将1-1.5重量份硝酸银、0.6-0.9重量份壳聚糖和3-4.5重量份纳米二氧化钛混合均匀,并在80-100℃下干燥,冷却,制得改性纳米二氧化钛;
(3)将1-2重量份BOPP薄膜水性聚氨酯树脂溶解于1.5-2.5重量份的水中,制成水性BOPP乳液,将0.6-0.9重量份氧化铝、1.1-1.5重量份碳化硅、0.8-1.2重量份玻璃微珠、1.1-1.5重量份粉煤灰凝胶液和0.8-1.2重量份改性纳米二氧化钛,加入到水性BOPP乳液中,混合均匀,固化后粉碎,制得散热抗菌组分。
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