CN111067947B - 一种除湿止痛中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种除湿止痛中药,包括以下重量份的原料药:拐枣七20份~40份,黄芪20份~40份,秦艽10份~25份,赤芍20份~30份,羌活20份~30份,防风10份~25份,茯苓10份~25份,川乌8份~15份,草乌8份~15份,五加皮8份~15份,牛膝5份~15份,甘草5份~15份。此外本发明还提供一种上述中药的制备方法。本发明的除湿止痛中药以拐枣七,黄芪,秦艽,赤芍,羌活,防风,茯苓,川乌,草乌,五加皮,牛膝和甘草为原料药,成分简单且纯天然,无任何化学添加剂,诸药合用温而不燥,散寒而不伤阴,活血而不耗血,标本同治,可使疼痛、炎症等尽除,经脉畅通,具有迅速且显著的除湿止痛效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种除湿止痛中药及其制备方法。
背景技术
关节炎指发生在人体关节及其周围组织,由炎症、感染、退化、创伤或其他因素引起的炎性疾病。临床表现为关节的红、肿、热、痛、功能障碍及关节畸形,严重者导致关节残疾、影响患者生活质量。其中,退行性关节炎是指由退行性改变特别是关节软骨老化造成的多发生在中老年人群中的病症,其主要诱因为增龄、肥胖、劳损、创伤、关节先天性异常、关节畸形等,主要病发部位为颈椎、腰椎、膝关节、髋关节等。
临床上对关节炎的治疗通常通过使用非甾体抗炎药来达到缓解炎症的目的,但是非甾体抗炎药对于非炎性的退行性关节炎效果不佳,此外,非甾体抗炎药对于心血管、胃肠道、肝肾具有毒副作用,给患者生命安全带来新的威胁。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种除湿止痛中药及其制备方法。本发明的除湿止痛中药以拐枣七,黄芪,秦艽,赤芍,羌活,防风,茯苓,川乌,草乌,五加皮,牛膝和甘草为原料药,成分简单且纯天然,无任何化学添加剂,诸药合用温而不燥,散寒而不伤阴,活血而不耗血,标本同治,可使疼痛、炎症等尽除,经脉畅通,具有迅速且显著的除湿止痛效果。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种除湿止痛中药,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料药:拐枣七20份~40份,黄芪20份~40份,秦艽10份~25份,赤芍20份~30份,羌活20份~30份,防风10份~25份,茯苓10份~25份,川乌8份~15份,草乌8份~15份,五加皮8份~15份,牛膝5份~15份,甘草5份~15份。
上述的一种除湿止痛中药,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料药:拐枣七25份~36份,黄芪25份~36份,秦艽15份~20份,赤芍22份~26份,羌活22份~26份,防风15份~20份,茯苓15份~20份,川乌10份~14份,草乌10份~14份,五加皮10份~14份,牛膝6份~10份,甘草6份~10份。
上述的一种除湿止痛中药,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料药:拐枣七30份,黄芪30份,秦艽18份,赤芍24份,羌活24份,防风18份,茯苓18份,川乌12份,草乌12份,五加皮12份,牛膝9份,甘草9份。
此外,本发明还提供一种制备上述的除湿止痛中药的方法,其特征在于,所述中药的剂型为片剂,所述片剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将原料药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮完过滤,合并煎液;
步骤二、将步骤一合并后煎液滤过,得到滤液,将所述滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.25的浸膏;
步骤三、将淀粉、蔗糖粉和步骤二所述浸膏混合均匀,制粒;
步骤四、干燥步骤三制粒得到的颗粒,压片,包衣,得到除湿止痛中药片剂。
上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤一中每次煎煮所用水的质量为原料药质量的8倍~12倍。
上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤三中所述淀粉、蔗糖粉和浸膏的质量比为(0.3~0.6):(0.1~0.3):1。
所述重量份可以为克、两、斤、公斤、吨等重量计量单位。
其中,拐枣七,苦,平。祛风湿,舒筋活络,散瘀消肿,止血,止痛。用于风湿性关节炎,跌打损伤。
黄芪:甘,温。补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚痿黄,内热消渴;慢性肾炎蛋白尿,糖尿病。
秦艽:辛、苦,平。祛风湿,清湿热,止痹痛。用于风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,骨节酸痛,日晡潮热,小儿疳积发热。
赤芍:苦,微寒。清热凉血,散瘀止痛。用于温毒发斑,吐血衄血,目赤肿痛,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮疡。
羌活:辛、苦,温。散寒,祛风,除湿,止痛。用于风寒感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,肩背酸痛。
防风:辛、甘,温。解表祛风,胜湿,止痉。用于感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,风疹瘙痒,破伤风。
茯苓:甘、淡,平。利水渗湿,健脾宁心。用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。
川乌:辛、苦,热;有大毒。祛风除湿,温经止痛。用于风寒湿痹,关节疼痛,心腹冷痛,寒疝作痛,麻醉止痛。
草乌:辛、苦,热;有大毒。祛风除湿,温经止痛。用于风寒湿痹,关节疼痛,心腹冷痛,寒疝作痛,麻醉止痛。
五加皮:辛、苦,温。祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨。用于风湿痹痛,筋骨痿软,小儿行迟,体虚乏力,水肿,脚气。
牛膝:苦、酸,平。补肝肾,强筋骨,逐瘀通经,引血下行。用于腰膝酸痛,筋骨无力,经闭症瘕,肝阳眩晕。
甘草:甘,平。补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明的除湿止痛中药以拐枣七,黄芪,秦艽,赤芍,羌活,防风,茯苓,川乌,草乌,五加皮,牛膝和甘草为原料药,成分简单且纯天然,无任何化学添加剂,具有迅速且显著的除湿止痛效果。
2、本发明的除湿止痛中药的配伍关系为:拐枣七、黄芪为君药,活血不伤气;赤芍、羌活、川乌、草乌为臣药,秦艽、防风、五加皮、茯苓为佐药,牛膝、甘草为使药。黄芪益气养血、活血;赤芍、防风长于祛风除湿;茯苓皮消肿止胀;秦艽配赤芍清除湿热,通利关节;羌活、川乌、草乌祛风除湿,温经散寒定痛使疼痛迅速缓解。诸药合用温而不燥,散寒而不伤阴,活血而不耗血,标本同治,可使疼痛、炎症等尽除,经脉畅通,病患得以快速消除。
3、本发明的除湿止痛中药以片剂的形式进行治疗,具有方便携带和使用的特点,不影响患者的正常工作和生活。
下面结合实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,包括以下重量份的原料药:
拐枣七30g,黄芪30g,秦艽18g,赤芍24g,羌活24g,防风18g,茯苓18g,川乌12g,草乌12g,五加皮12g,牛膝9g,甘草9g。
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,剂型为片剂,所述片剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将原料药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮完过滤,合并煎液;每次煎煮所用水的质量为原料药质量的10倍;
步骤二、将步骤一合并后煎液滤过,得到滤液,将所述滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.20的浸膏;
步骤三、将淀粉、蔗糖粉和步骤二所述浸膏混合均匀,制粒;所述淀粉、蔗糖粉和浸膏的质量比为0.4:0.16:1;
步骤四、干燥步骤三制粒得到的颗粒,压片,包衣,得到除湿止痛中药片剂。
实施例2
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,包括以下重量份的原料药:
拐枣七36g,黄芪25g,秦艽15g,赤芍26g,羌活26g,防风20g,茯苓15g,川乌14g,草乌10g,五加皮10g,牛膝6g,甘草10g。
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,剂型为片剂,所述片剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将原料药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮完过滤,合并煎液;每次煎煮所用水的质量为原料药质量的9倍;
步骤二、将步骤一合并后煎液滤过,得到滤液,将所述滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.23的浸膏;
步骤三、将淀粉、蔗糖粉和步骤二所述浸膏混合均匀,制粒;所述淀粉、蔗糖粉和浸膏的质量比为0.3:0.1:1;
步骤四、干燥步骤三制粒得到的颗粒,压片,包衣,得到除湿止痛中药片剂。
实施例3
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,包括以下重量份的原料药:
拐枣七25g,黄芪36g,秦艽20g,赤芍22g,羌活22g,防风15g,茯苓20g,川乌10g,草乌14g,五加皮14g,牛膝10g,甘草6g。
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,剂型为片剂,所述片剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将原料药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮完过滤,合并煎液;每次煎煮所用水的质量为原料药质量的8倍;
步骤二、将步骤一合并后煎液滤过,得到滤液,将所述滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.22的浸膏;
步骤三、将淀粉、蔗糖粉和步骤二所述浸膏混合均匀,制粒;所述淀粉、蔗糖粉和浸膏的质量比为0.6:0.3:1;
步骤四、干燥步骤三制粒得到的颗粒,压片,包衣,得到除湿止痛中药片剂。
实施例4
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,包括以下重量份的原料药:
拐枣七20g,黄芪40g,秦艽10g,赤芍20g,羌活30g,防风10g,茯苓25g,川乌8g,草乌8g,五加皮8g,牛膝15g,甘草5g。
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,剂型为片剂,所述片剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将原料药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮完过滤,合并煎液;每次煎煮所用水的质量为原料药质量的12倍;
步骤二、将步骤一合并后煎液滤过,得到滤液,将所述滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.25的浸膏;
步骤三、将淀粉、蔗糖粉和步骤二所述浸膏混合均匀,制粒;所述淀粉、蔗糖粉和浸膏的质量比为0.4:0.2:1;
步骤四、干燥步骤三制粒得到的颗粒,压片,包衣,得到除湿止痛中药片剂。
实施例5
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,包括以下重量份的原料药:
拐枣七40g,黄芪20g,秦艽25g,赤芍30g,羌活20g,防风25g,茯苓10g,川乌15g,草乌15g,五加皮15g,牛膝5g,甘草15g。
本实施例的除湿止痛中药,剂型为片剂,所述片剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将原料药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮完过滤,合并煎液;每次煎煮所用水的质量为原料药质量的10倍;
步骤二、将步骤一合并后煎液滤过,得到滤液,将所述滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.20的浸膏;
步骤三、将淀粉、蔗糖粉和步骤二所述浸膏混合均匀,制粒;所述淀粉、蔗糖粉和浸膏的质量比为0.4:0.2:1;
步骤四、干燥步骤三制粒得到的颗粒,压片,包衣,得到除湿止痛中药片剂。
以上实施例中,相对密度按照《中国药典》通则0601法进行测定,测定温度为60℃。
临床试验:
1.研究方法
在中国膝骨关节炎患者中进行多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照临床试验。计划入组300例膝骨关节炎患者,以2:1的比例随机分配到除湿止痛中药片组或安慰剂组。
2.研究对象
受试人群为膝骨关节炎的患者。所有可能参加的患者均提供知情同意,提供知情同意书的受试者进入筛选期(第-7~-1天),筛选合格的受试者进入基线随机化期(第1天),随机分配进入试验组(除湿止痛中药片组)或安慰剂组后接受4周药物治疗。治疗期试验组受试者将接受除湿止痛中药片,4片/次,一日3次;安慰剂对照组受试者将接受除湿止痛中药片模拟片,4片/次,一日3次,两组受试者均连续给药4周。期间可酌情服用应急药物美洛昔康,应详细记录使用量。治疗期间所有受试者均不得接受关节腔注射、局部治疗药物以及其他治疗骨关节炎药物,如美洛昔康外其他非甾体类药物、糖皮质激素、其他改善病情药物及软骨保护剂(如双醋瑞因、氨基葡萄糖等)、中药等。受试者治疗期结束时完成第4次访视后(4周±3天),即为完成全部试验。试验结束后,对疗效和安全性指标进行统计分析,以评估除湿止痛中药片治疗膝骨关节炎患者的有效性和安全性。
3.受试者人数
计划入选300例膝骨关节炎受试者。实际入组300例受试者,其中试验组与对照组分别入组200例和100例。其中2例受试者随机未给药(09005、09006),4例受试者药物编号重复记录(09003、09004、09070、09071),37例受试者退出试验。评估后,试验组198例受试者进入全分析集(FAS),198例受试者进入符合方案集(PPS),170例受试者进入安全集(SS);对照组100例受试者进入全分析集(FAS),100例受试者进入符合方案集(PPS),87例受试者进入安全集(SS)。
4.入选标准
(1)40-75周岁(包含40岁及75岁),男女不限;
(2)西医诊断为膝骨关节炎,临床分型为原发性;
(3)严重程度影像学K-L分级≤Ⅲ级;
(4)就诊时VAS疼痛评分≥40mm(选取受试者疼痛症状最为明显患肢);
(5)患者或其法定代理人签署知情同意书。
5.排除标准
(1)试验前3个月内进行过关节腔内治疗或需在1年内进行相关手术治疗的患者;
(2)治疗前4周使用糖皮质激素、非甾体类药物、关节腔注射或其他改善病情药物(如软骨保护剂等);
(3)筛选期有以下任何一种疾病病史或证据:
·严重心脑血管疾病;
·活动性、复发性消化系统溃疡或其他出血性风险的疾病;
·其他消化系统严重疾病;
·合并恶性肿瘤、血液、或其他系统严重或进行性疾病;
·合并其他精神疾病而无法合作或不愿合作患者。
(4)筛选前有任何一项实验室检查指标符合下列标准:
·入院肝肾功能提示:ALT、AST>1.5倍正常值上限,Cr>1.2倍正常值上限(参考所在的研究中心实验室检查正常值范围);
·其他有临床意义的实验室检查异常,并经研究者判定不宜入组的情况。
(5)过敏体质或对试验用药除湿止痛中药片、辅料或类似成分过敏者;
(6)怀疑或确有酒精、药物滥用史;
(7)妊娠、哺乳期妇女或近期有计划妊娠以及不愿意使用避孕措施者;
(8)入组前3个月内参加过其他临床试验的患者;
(9)研究者认为不宜参加本临床试验患者。
6.试验持续时间
每例受试者的研究持续时间约为5周,包括筛选期(1周)、基线/随机化期(1天)、治疗期(4周)。
7.评价标准
疗效终点(主要疗效终点和次要疗效终点):
主要疗效指标:
·治疗4周后VAS疼痛评分较基线的变化
次要疗效指标:
·治疗2周、4周后WOMAC量表总评分和疼痛、僵硬、日常活动的分项评分较基线的变化;
·治疗2周后VAS疼痛评分较基线的变化
·治疗4周后健康调查简表(SF-36)积分较基线的变化
安全性指标:
·不良事件(AE)
·实验室指标(血常规、尿常规、生化检查)
·心电图
·生命体征、体格检查
8.统计学方法
采用9.4进行所有统计分析。所有统计检验均采用双侧检验,P值小于或等于0.05将被认为所检验的差异有统计意义。连续变量采用例数、均值、标准差、中位数、四分位间距、最小值和最大值进行描述,计数和等级资料采用例数和百分比进行描述。基线评估指在第一次接受研究药物前的最后一次非缺失评估。安全性和疗效数据缺失将不采用任何方式填补。本试验不进行期中分析和敏感性分析。
9.结果
(1)有效性结果
主要疗效指标
·治疗4周后VAS评分较基线改变值试验组、对照组分别为-18.68(10.24)、-14.07(11.74)mm,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FAS集与PPS集统计分析结论一致。
次要疗效指标
·治疗2周后VAS评分较基线改变值试验组、对照组分别为-9.05(8.68)、-6.74(8.53)mm,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FAS集与PPS集统计分析结论一致;
·治疗4周后WOMAC量表评分较基线改善值试验组、对照组分别为-8.95(10.18)、-4.97(7.89),组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FAS集与PPS集统计分析结论一致;
·治疗2周后WOMAC量表评分较基线改善值试验组、对照组分别为-5.68(8.53)、-3.79(6.49),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),FAS集与PPS集统计分析结论一致;
·治疗4周后健康调查简表(SF-36)积分较基线变化值试验组、对照组分别为5.39(13.15)、2.80(13.49),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),FAS集与PPS集统计分析结论一致;
·治疗4周后PCS评分较基线变化值试验组、对照组分别为1.17(5.13)、0.90(4.79),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),FAS集与PPS集统计分析结论一致;
·治疗4周后MCS评分较基线变化值试验组、对照组分别为0.52(7.34)、1.34(4.87),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),FAS集与PPS集统计分析结论一致。
(2)安全性结果
试验期间未发生严重不良事件和导致脱落不良事件。
·试验期间试验组8例(4.1%)受试者发生10例次不良事件,严重程度均为轻度;对照组4例(4%)受试者发生5例次不良事件,其中1例中度不良事件为身上皮疹,其他为轻度;试验组不良反应为4例(2.1%)6例次,分别为白细胞升高、中性粒细胞升高、鼻出血、肝功能异常、激动、嗓子疼各1例;对照组不良反应为1例(1%)1例次,为身上皮疹;各组大于等于2%不良事件,对照组为胃部不适2例(2%),试验组没有发生率大于2%不良事件。
·其他安全性指标:试验组与对照组中实验室指标(血常规、尿常规、生化检查)、心电图、生命体征、体格检查均未见明显异常。
结论:
·膝骨关节炎患者接受除湿止痛中药片单药治疗可降低患者膝关节疼痛程度(VAS评分)及改善关节功能(WOMAC量表评分),服药4W治疗后改善更为明显。
·除湿止痛中药片治疗膝骨关节炎患者安全性良好,不良事件发生率与安慰剂相似,无需要关注不良事件。
毒理学安全性评价实验:
1、长期毒性试验:大鼠灌胃给予除湿止痛中药片0.75、1.5、3.0g生药/kg(分别相当于人临床日用量的12.5、25、50倍),每日给药1次,连续给药6个月。给药结束后,停药恢复1个月。给药3个月结束时,每组处死雌、雄动物各5只;给药6个月结束时,于末次给药后24h,每组处死雌、雄动物各10只。各组剩余的动物停药观察1个月后处死。在以上各处死动物的时间点,均取血、尿,进行血液细胞和血清生化分析、尿液检查;并摘取动物各脏器组织,称量主要脏器重量,进行组织病理学检查。同时,伴随长期毒性试验,在以上各时间点,毒代动力学实验动物眼眶静脉取血,进行毒代动力学检测。
在给药期间和停药恢复期间,各组大鼠均无死亡发生,一般状况、精神活动、运动等均正常。除湿止痛中药片3个剂量组大鼠各周的体重均显著增长,与对照组比较无明显差异。除湿止痛中药片低、中剂量组雄性大鼠摄食量较对照组稍有减少,其中给药后1~6周摄食量显著低于对照组。除此之外,雄性高剂量组和雌性高、中、低剂量组摄食量与对照组比较无明显差异。
给药3个月、6个月和停药1个月,雄性和雌性高、中、低3个剂量组的各项尿液定性和定量指标包括尿量、饮水量、pH、SG、GLU、PRO、BIL、URO、KET、BLO和WBC,均未见与药物毒性有关的变化。血液学指标包括血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、白细胞计数(WBC)、平均红细胞容量(MCV)、红细胞比积(HCT)、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、白细胞分类、网织红细胞计数(Ret)的测定值均在正常值范围内波动,未见与药物毒性有关的变化。血清生化指标包括天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、尿素(UREA)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血糖(GLU)、肌肝(CREA)、总胆红素(TBIL)、总胆固醇(CHO)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三酯(TG)、肌酸激酶(CK),γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γGT),以及血清电解质指标包括钠离子浓度(Na+)、钾离子浓度(K+)、氯离子浓度(Cl-)等均在正常值范围内,未见与药物毒性有关的变化。主要脏器重量和脏器系数包括心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肾上腺、胸腺、脑、性腺等均无明显变化。
病理组织检查结果显示,给药3个月、6个月和恢复期结束时,对照组和高剂量组动物大体观察未见体表和脏器组织明显异常。镜下观察结果显示,对照组、高剂量组少数动物肺组织内可观察到小片状炎性细胞浸润、肺泡隔增厚;少数动物肝脏可见点灶状淋巴细胞浸润,有的有轻度局限性胆管增生;少数动物心肌纤维间偶见点灶状炎症细胞;少数动物肾脏可见肾小管细胞轻度肿胀和胞质疏松。给药6个月时,对照组和高剂量组动物小肠粘膜炎性细胞增多。对照组与给药高剂量组的以上组织形态学改变相近,无明显差别,认为可能是实验时间较长环境因素影响所致或自发性病变,与药物毒性无关。除了上述变化,其他各脏器均未见明显病变。
毒代动力学检测结果显示:在本实验条件下,除湿止痛中药片3个剂量组于首次给药、给药3个月和给药6个月后,各个时间点血浆中乌头碱、乌头次碱、新乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱和苯甲酰新乌头原碱6种成分含量均较低,多数样品含量在LLOQ检测限以下,最高含量均未超过1ng/ml,提示上述6种主要毒性成分的体内血液水平均非常低,几乎检测不出。给药3个月、6个月后各剂量组的血药浓度均与首次给药接近,未见随着时间的延长而产生的蓄积现象。
结论:SD大鼠经口给予除湿止痛中药片0.75、1.5、3.0g生药/kg(分别相当于人临床日用量的12.5、25、50倍)连续6个月,除给药初期低、中剂量组雄性大鼠摄食量稍有降低外,其余动物体重增长和摄食量均未受到显著影响。此外,各剂量组动物给药3个月、6个月和停药1个月的尿液定性与定量指标、血液细胞学和生化学指标、脏器重量及脏器系数未见与药物毒性相关的变化。高剂量组雌性和雄性动物的各脏器组织形态学检查均未见与药物毒性有关的病理变化,且停药1个月后,所检查的脏器组织未见迟发型病变。此外,在本实验条件下,除湿止痛中药片以低、中、高三个剂量给大鼠连续灌胃给药6个月,6种主要毒性成分(乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱)在动物血液分布水平很低,均未见明显蓄积。
综合分析认为,大鼠经口给予除湿止痛中药片连续6个月,未见其他明显的毒性反应。除湿止痛中药片的无不良作用剂量(NOAEL)为3.0g生药/kg,相当于临床剂量的50倍。
2、大鼠连续灌胃给药6个月,6种主要毒性成分血液分布检测:在SD大鼠经口反复给予除湿止痛中药片6个月的长期毒性试验中,设立卫星组,在不同时间检测血液中乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱浓度,分析上述成分的血药浓度和给药不同时间后是否存在蓄积情况,提供毒代动力学信息,为临床用药提供安全性信息。除湿止痛中药片设计三个剂量组,分别为0.75、1.5、3.0g生药/kg(分别相当于人临床日用量的12.5、25、50倍),动物雌雄各半。分别于首次给药、给药3个月和给药6个月采取血液样品。每次均于给药前及给药后5min、15min、30min、1h、1.5h、2h、4h、6h、9h、12h取血,离心分离血浆,采用UPLC/MS方法定量测定大鼠血浆中以上6种检测成分含量。结果显示,在本实验条件下,除湿止痛中药片3个剂量组于首次给药、给药3个月和给药6个月后,各个时间点血浆中乌头碱、乌头次碱、新乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱和苯甲酰新乌头原碱6种成分含量均较低,多数样品含量在LLOQ检测限以下,最高含量均未超过1ng/mL,提示上述6种主要毒性成分的体内血液水平均非常低,几乎检测不出。给药3个月、6个月后各剂量组的血药浓度均与首次给药接近,未见随着时间的延长而产生的蓄积现象。
结论:除湿止痛中药片3个剂量水平组大鼠连续灌胃给药6个月,6种主要毒性成分(乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱)在动物血液分布水平很低,未见明显蓄积。
3、急性毒性试验:采用ICR小鼠,体重18~20g,40只,雌雄各半。按体重随机分为对照组、除湿止痛中药片组,每组各20只(雌雄各半)。禁食不禁水约16小时后,给除湿止痛中药片组小鼠灌胃给予最高浓度(0.45g生药/mL)的除湿止痛中药片40mL/kg体重,5小时后再按照同样的浓度和给药体积给药1次。2次给药剂量共为36g生药/kg.d。对照组在同样的时间点按照同样的给药体积灌胃给予纯净水。给药后即刻开始观察动物是否出现毒性反应,记录死亡情况,共连续观察14天。除湿止痛中药片给药后直至观察期14天结束,所有动物均存活,动物的一般状况、活动、步态、呼吸、进食、饮水、二便、皮毛等均未见异常;体重、饲料消耗量与对照组比较均无显著差异。14天观察期结束后,将存活的小鼠解剖并肉眼观察,除湿止痛中药片给药组的胸、腹腔未见渗液、出血和粘连,心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肾上腺、胃肠、膀胱、睾丸、附睾等重要脏器均未见颜色、质地等明显改变,未见充血、瘀血、出血、渗液、粘连、糜烂、溃疡等肉眼可见的异常改变。
结论:将除湿止痛中药片以最高浓度(0.45g生药/mL)和最大体积(40mL/kg.次)给小鼠1日内灌胃给药2次,剂量达36g生药/kg.d(相当于临床用药量的600倍),未产生明显的急性毒性反应。故除湿止痛中药片最大耐受量为36g生药/kg.d(相当于临床用药量的600倍)。
4、口服给药对动物中枢神经系统、心血管系统和呼吸系统的影响:采用麻醉Beagle犬,十二指肠给予除湿止痛中药片0.22、0.45、0.90g生药/kg(分别相当于临床拟定用量的等效剂量2、4、8倍)后,观察对犬呼吸、体温、血压、心电图的影响。采用正常小鼠,一次性灌胃给予除湿止痛中药片1.1、2.2、4.4g生药/kg(分别相当于临床拟定用量的等效剂量2、4、8倍)后,观察了对小鼠协调功能、平衡能力、自主活动、对阈剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠催眠作用的影响。结果显示,除湿止痛中药片低、中、高剂量组在给药观察期间,各组动物的呼吸(包括频率、深度及潮气量)、体温、血压(包括收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉血压)、心电图(P波幅度及时程、QRS波幅度及时程、PR间期、QT间期、T波幅度及时程)等指标均无明显变化。除湿止痛中药片低、中、高剂量对正常小鼠平衡能力和协调运动能力均无明显影响,提示除湿止痛中药片对正常小鼠平衡能力和协调运动能力均无显著影响;对正常小鼠自主活动均无明显影响,各剂量组在给药后各时间点的自主活动次数均与对照组比较无明显差异;对阈剂量戊巴比妥钠入睡潜伏期和睡眠时间无明显影响。
研究结果表明,除湿止痛中药片高、中、低剂量(0.90、0.45、0.22g生药/kg)在十二指肠给药期间对麻醉犬的呼吸、体温、血压和心电图各指标均无明显影响;除湿止痛中药片高、中、低剂量(4.4、2.2、1.1g生药/kg)灌胃给药,对小鼠协调运动能力、平衡功能、自主活动以及对阈剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠催眠作用均无明显影响。
结论:在本实验条件下,除湿止痛中药片在临床拟定等效剂量2-8倍的剂量范围内,单次给药后对动物的中枢神经系统、心血管系统和呼吸系统均未见显著影响。提示除湿止痛中药片单次给予对动物生理功能未见潜在不良影响,最高剂量为临床拟定等效剂量的8倍。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何限制,凡是根据发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种除湿止痛中药,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药制成:
拐枣七20份~40份,黄芪20份~40份,秦艽10份~25份,赤芍20份~30份,羌活20份~30份,防风10份~25份,茯苓10份~25份,川乌8份~15份,草乌8份~15份,五加皮8份~15份,牛膝5份~15份,甘草5份~15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种除湿止痛中药,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药制成:
拐枣七25份~36份,黄芪25份~36份,秦艽15份~20份,赤芍22份~26份,羌活22份~26份,防风15份~20份,茯苓15份~20份,川乌10份~14份,草乌10份~14份,五加皮10份~14份,牛膝6份~10份,甘草6份~10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种除湿止痛中药,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药制成:
拐枣七30份,黄芪30份,秦艽18份,赤芍24份,羌活24份,防风18份,茯苓18份,川乌12份,草乌12份,五加皮12份,牛膝9份,甘草9份。
4.一种制备如权利要求1所述的除湿止痛中药的方法,其特征在于,所述中药的剂型为片剂,所述片剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将原料药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮完过滤,合并煎液;
步骤二、将步骤一合并后煎液滤过,得到滤液,将所述滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.25的浸膏;
步骤三、将淀粉、蔗糖粉和步骤二所述浸膏混合均匀,制粒;
步骤四、干燥,压片,包衣,得到除湿止痛中药片剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤一中每次煎煮所用水的质量为原料药质量的8倍~12倍。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤三中所述淀粉、蔗糖粉和浸膏的质量比为(0.3~0.6):(0.1~0.3):1。
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