CN111066572B - Cultivation process of agaricus blazei murill with low heavy metal content - Google Patents
Cultivation process of agaricus blazei murill with low heavy metal content Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066572B CN111066572B CN201911375295.XA CN201911375295A CN111066572B CN 111066572 B CN111066572 B CN 111066572B CN 201911375295 A CN201911375295 A CN 201911375295A CN 111066572 B CN111066572 B CN 111066572B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A cultivation process of Agaricus blazei with low heavy metal content comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the mixed base material and excrement, paving the fermented mixed base material and excrement, spreading the mixed strain in the mixed base material, and spraying an inhibitor to obtain a mixed culture material; step two: uniformly mixing the mixed culture material with the mixed base material and excrement, and performing secondary fermentation to obtain a secondary fermentation base material; step three: paving the re-fermented base material, sowing, and then performing film mulching culture; step four: covering with soil for culturing until mycelia grow to 1/2-3/4 of the thick material; step five: culturing at 18-28 deg.C and humidity of 80-85% until fruiting; the mixed strain comprises one or more of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, panus tricolor and Ceriporiopsis sp; the inhibitor is chlorine dioxide solution. The method combines the mixed strains and the inhibitor before the agaricus blazei murill is sowed, so that the high yield of the agaricus blazei murill can be maintained, the chromium content of the agaricus blazei murill can be obviously reduced, and the obtained product has good quality and high quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation process of agaricus blazei murill with low heavy metal content.
Background
Agaricus blazei Murill (Agaricus blazei Murill.) also called Agaricus blazei Murill, belonging to the genus Agaricus of the family Agaricales, the class Hymenomycetes, the class Basidiomycotina, is a rare edible (medicinal) fungus. The agaricus blazei murill is a medium-temperature edible fungus, and has strong fruiting bodies, most of which are single-grown and few of which are clustered; the pileus is bamboo hat-shaped or hemispherical, the diameter is 5-10cm, the surface is light brown to dark brown, and fibrous scales are covered on the surface; the mushroom meat is fat, fresh and tender; the stipe is nearly cylindrical, medium solid and white, the base part is slightly expanded, the length of the stipe is generally 4-15cm, and the diameter is 1-3 cm; the spores are dark brown, smooth, oval or spherical, no bud holes exist, and hyphae are not combined in a locking shape; hyphae growing on the PDA slant culture medium are pure white and dense, and aerial hyphae are abundant, and a plurality of milky white kinks are formed at the contact part of the tube wall and the slant after the slant is full of the hyphae. The agaricus blazei murill is a main carbon source for cultivating the manure grass saprophytic fungi, and is crop straws such as wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk and the like, and perennial high-volume grass such as reed, sarcandra and the like; the main nitrogen source is livestock and poultry manure such as cow manure, sheep manure, horse manure, chicken manure and the like.
The agaricus blazei murill fruiting body (edible part) contains rich active substances such as polysaccharide, nucleic acid, sterol and the like and components such as amino acids, fatty acids, mineral substances, trace elements and the like which are necessary for human bodies, has the effects of resisting cancer, reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure, treating diabetes, maintaining liver function, improving arteriosclerosis and the like, and is a main edible fungus variety which is recommended and developed to the world by food and agriculture organizations of the United nations at present. Since 1992, China introduced Agaricus blazei Murill strain from Japan, and cultivated successfully in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, etc., and exported dried Agaricus blazei Murill and its processed products since 1994, the main export countries are America and Brazil, and are especially sold in Japan. The agaricus blazei murill has good industrial prospect, but mushroom bodies of the agaricus blazei murill can easily absorb heavy metals in compost and soil, so that products are hindered due to the fact that the heavy metals exceed the standard, particularly cadmium content exceeds the standard. Cadmium is a non-essential element of animals and plants, is one of heavy metals with high toxicity, and the accumulation of cadmium in the plants exceeds the standard, so that the life and the health of human beings are directly or indirectly influenced through food chain pollution. The enrichment of cadmium in human body and animals not only causes anemia, hypertension and kidney damage, but also has selective toxic action on germ cells, and also hinders the growth and metabolism of bones, thereby causing osteoporosis, atrophy, deformation and the like, and directly influencing the health of human body.
The application number is CN107548884A and discloses a cultivation method for reducing the heavy metal content of agaricus blazei, cultivation of the agaricus blazei is completed through four steps of base material manufacturing, inoculation and film covering, management before fruiting and fruiting management, the base material is matched with reasonable base materials, and the base materials, bentonite, silicon-calcium fertilizer and zinc sulfate are used in a compatible mode, so that the absorption effect of the agaricus blazei on the heavy metal is inhibited, the method inhibits the absorption of the agaricus blazei on the heavy metal through a competitive mechanism, the effect of reducing the heavy metal content of the agaricus blazei is limited, and the obtained agaricus blazei product still contains the heavy metal with high content.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a cultivation process of Agaricus blazei with low heavy metal content, which can maintain high yield of Agaricus blazei and significantly reduce chromium content of Agaricus blazei by combining the method of mixing strains and inhibitor before seeding Agaricus blazei, and the obtained product has good quality and high quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cultivation process of agaricus blazei murill with heavy metal content comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the mixed base material and feces, spreading on mushroom bed, uniformly spreading mixed strain in the mixed base material until the mycelium grows to 1/4-1/3, spraying inhibitor for 2-15h, heating to 70-75 deg.C, and maintaining for 10-25h to obtain mixed culture material;
step two: then uniformly mixing the mixed culture material with the mixed base material and excrement, and performing secondary fermentation to obtain a secondary fermentation base material;
step three: spreading the re-fermented base material on a ridge bed, sowing, and then performing film mulching culture;
step four: covering with film, culturing until mycelia grow to 1/2-3/4 of material thickness, and culturing in soil;
step five: and (3) fruiting stage: culturing at 18-28 deg.C and humidity of 80-85% until fruiting;
the mixed strain comprises one or more of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, panus tricolor and Ceriporiopsis sp;
the inhibitor is chlorine dioxide solution.
In the design of the scheme, common modifiers such as calcium-magnesium-phosphorus, silicon-calcium fertilizer, zinc sulfate and the like are not adopted to compete with cadmium to carry out in vivo of the agaricus blazei murill as a means for mainly reducing the chromium content in the agaricus blazei murill, and the reason is that the research of the inventor proves that some modifiers reduce the chromium content of the agaricus blazei murill and simultaneously reduce the yield of the agaricus blazei murill; meanwhile, the research of the inventor proves that a part of cadmium ions enter cells through an ion exchange mechanism with calcium ions and magnesium ions in the cells, and the calcium ions and the magnesium ions in the modifying agent are difficult to enter the cells due to small concentration difference of the ions inside and outside the cells and cannot compete with the cadmium ions to enter the cells, so that the effect of inhibiting the adsorption of the cadmium ions is poor. The scheme adopts the white rot fungus mixed strain to firstly adsorb cadmium ions in the base material, and then the seeding of the agaricus blazei murrill is carried out, the cadmium ions in the white rot fungus are deposited in the agaricus blazei murrill and can not be adsorbed again due to the complexation with macromolecules such as protein, the total amount of the cadmium ions in the base material can be greatly reduced, and thus the content of the cadmium ions in the agaricus blazei murrill is reduced.
The mechanism in the design of the scheme comprises the following steps: the Phanerochaete chrysosporium, panus trichloroides and Ceriporiopsis sp are all basidiomycete, and the adsorption mechanism of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the panochaete trichlorphon and the Ceripopsis sp comprises two adsorption processes: active adsorption process, in which heavy metal ions such as cadmium ions are combined with various functional groups on the surface of the fungal cell wall; the active adsorption process is slow, and adsorbed heavy metal ions such as cadmium ions and the like are diffused into cells through cell walls and are related to cell metabolism, so that the cells of the mixed strain can be actively inactivated and dead after being inoculated for a period of time, the loss of nutrient substances by the mixed fungus is reduced, the mixed fungus can still continue to carry out the passive adsorption process, and the adsorption quantity of dead cells is not less than that of live cells, so that the heavy metal ions such as cadmium and the like in the culture material are reduced; secondly, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the panus tricolor and the Ceriporiopsis subvermispora can secrete laccase, and the laccase not only has the effect of degrading lignin, but also can act with environmental pollutants and has the effect of removing toxicity, so that the laccase can play a role in removing toxic substances in the culture material, and can also help the Agaricus blazei to pre-decompose lignin which is difficult to decompose, so that the Agaricus blazei can better utilize nutrient substances in the culture material; thirdly, the dead mixed fungi can be further decomposed and utilized as nutrient substances of the agaricus blazei murill, and because heavy metal ions such as cadmium and the like in the mixed fungi are complexed into macromolecular substances, the heavy metal ions are not easy to enter the agaricus blazei murill body to be enriched by the agaricus blazei murill; fourthly, the mixed strain is mixed by adopting a plurality of basidiomycetes, and the aim is to enable the mixed strain to have the function of mutual competitive inhibition after sowing, prevent the overgrowth of fungi from consuming nutrient substances in the compost, and even inhibit the growth of the agaricus blazei; the invention adopts the harmless broad-spectrum environment-friendly stable chlorine dioxide solution which does not generate carcinogenic substances as the inhibitor mainly used for killing mixed strains, has strong sterilization capability, no harm to human bodies and animals, no secondary pollution to the environment and capability of eliminating odor and peculiar smell in the culture material, thereby being the preferred inhibitor in the scheme.
Preferably, the mixed base material comprises one or more of rice straw, wood chips, corncobs, bran, cottonseed hulls, wheat straws, bean crop straws, bagasse, urea, slaked lime, gypsum powder and calcium carbonate; the manure is selected from poultry manure and/or livestock manure.
The main carbon source of basidiomycetes is partially increased in the scheme and used for culturing mixed strains, and the competition of the mixed strains and the agaricus blazei murill for the carbon source is reduced.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation process in the step one is 65-70 ℃, and the pile is turned for 2-5 times in the middle.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the secondary fermentation process in the second step is 60-68 ℃, and the pile is turned for 1-5 times in the midway; when turning the pile, controlling the water content to be 60-65%, and adjusting the pH to be 6.5-8.0.
Preferably, the amount of the Agaricus Blazei Murill strain sown in step three is 1-3 bottles of 250ml of Agaricus Blazei Murill strain per square meter.
Preferably, the viable bacteria concentration of the mixed strain is: 1-8*108cfu/ml Phanerochaete chrysosporium, 0-8 x 1080-8 × 10 Coriolus tricolor (cfu/ml)8cfu/ml Ceriporiopsis sp.
Further preferably, the treatment method of the mixed strains comprises the following steps: (1) soaking the mycelium pellet in acidic formaldehyde solution for 40-90min, and filtering; (2) sequentially using deionized water and 0.2% of Na2CO3The solution washes away the redundant chemical reagent on the surface of the mycelium pellet; (3) immersing the mycelium pellets in deionized water for 20-40 min; (4) the mycelium pellets are rinsed with deionized water until the filtrate is neutral.
The research of the inventor finds that the effect of adsorbing cadmium ions by the mixed strain without pretreatment is lower, and the formaldehyde crosslinking-alkali treatment is adopted to improve the adsorption capacity of the mixed strain: the alkali treatment can change the chemical structure of certain components on the fungal cell wall and dissolve substances which are not beneficial to adsorption on the cell, so that more active binding sites on the cell are exposed, and the adsorption quantity is increased; the formaldehyde cross-linking can react with free amino groups in the protein and enzyme on the surface of the fungus to form a porous network structure on the mycelium pellet, so that the mechanical property of the strain mycelium pellet is improved.
Further preferably, the acid formaldehyde solution contains 37% hydrochloric acid: 37% formaldehyde =1: 3-5.
Further, the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the inhibitor is 50-200 mg/L.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, heavy metal ions such as cadmium ions in the culture base material are adsorbed by utilizing the active adsorption and passive adsorption processes of the mixed strains, and the culture base material is pretreated by matching with an inhibitor, so that the total amount of the free heavy metal ions such as cadmium ions in soil is greatly reduced, the content of the heavy metal ions such as cadmium ions enriched in the agaricus blazei murill is greatly reduced, and the quality of the agaricus blazei murill is improved; meanwhile, the strain cultivation process is optimized, and the obtained product is high in yield and good in quality.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A cultivation process of Agaricus blazei Murill with low heavy metal content,
the culture material formula comprises: 250kg of straw, 125kg of corncob, 100kg of dried cow dung, 10kg of bran, 10kg of slaked lime and 5kg of urea.
The mixed strain is a liquid microbial inoculum with the capacity of 250ml, and viable bacteria in each bottle comprise: phanerochaete chrysosporium (8X 10)8cfu/ml), Dermatocida tricolor (4 x 10)8cfu/ml), Ceriporiopsis sp (1 x 10)8cfu/ml）。
The processing steps of the mixed strain are as follows: a. solid culture: preparing a solid culture medium, preparing a slant, inoculating, and putting into a constant-temperature incubator for culturing for 5d to generate a large amount of spores; b. liquid culture: preparing liquid culture medium with NH4Regulating pH to 4.5 with OH and HCl solution, sterilizing at 125 deg.C for 20min, and inoculating 10% spore suspension into liquid culture medium; c. culturing mycelium pellets: culturing the inoculated liquid culture medium on a gas bath constant temperature oscillator at 39 ℃ and 150rpm for 3 d; d. formaldehyde crosslinking-alkali treatment: filtering mycelium pellet, soaking mycelium pellet in acidic formaldehyde solution (37% formaldehyde and 37% hydrochloric acid at a volume ratio of 5: 1) for 60min, filtering, sequentially adding deionized water and 0.2% Na2CO3The solution washes away the redundant chemical reagent on the surface of the mycelium pellet; then immersed in deionized waterAdding water for 30min, and rinsing with deionized water for several times until the filtrate is neutral.
The process comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting culture materials: soaking the straw, corncob, bran and other raw materials for 3h in a pre-wetting manner before stacking, fishing out the pre-stack for 3d, and then crushing and mixing; the cow dung is smashed in advance, and a proper amount of water is added for stirring and pre-stacking for 2 d.
(2) Building a pile: uniformly mixing the crushed straws, corncobs and bran, padding the mixture for 20cm on the ground by using bricks or cement before spreading the mixture, then firstly spreading a layer of mixed base material, then spreading a layer of lime powder, spreading cow dung on the inner layer, then spreading the mixed base material, aligning the layers in such a way that the width of the material is 60cm, the height of the material is 30cm, burying round wood sections at intervals of 1.2m, pulling out the materials after stacking, ventilating the materials, spreading lime on the outermost layer, and taking care to prevent wind and rain.
(3) And (3) fermentation and turning: when in pile building, the water content of the culture material cannot be too low, and the culture material can be properly dropped into water by holding; measuring the central temperature of the material pile every day after pile building, when the temperature rises to above 65 ℃, turning the pile for the first time after 4 days, and replacing the inside and the outside of the culture materials during pile turning. If the water content of the material is less, adding water, and enabling the material to hold a hand to drip 3-4 drops of water; and 5d later, performing second pile turning, and thus performing third, fourth and fifth pile turning at intervals of 4, 4 and 3 d. The fermented culture material is brown, has no ammonia smell, odor and sour taste, and has proper water content of about 4.5.
(4) Sowing for the first time: dividing the mixed strain into large peanut kernel particles, uniformly scattering the large peanut kernel particles on the material surface, slightly compacting the material surface by using hands or a wood board, wherein 1 bottle of the mixed strain is needed for each square meter of the material, controlling the temperature to be 20-30 ℃, keeping the ventilation for 3 days before, and ventilating for 30min at noon every day later, which is the process of culturing the mixed strain.
(5) And (3) stacking and fermenting for the second time: spraying bacteriostatic agent (100 mg/L stable chlorine dioxide solution) on the surface of the culture material when the hypha grows to 1/4 of the culture material, heating to 70-75 ℃ after 10h, continuously spraying a layer of slaked lime powder on the culture material after 10h (the mixed strain cells are inactivated and killed by high temperature), spraying cow dung on the inner layer, wherein the width of the material is 60cm, the height of the material is about 50cm, the lime is sprayed on the outermost layer, the temperature is controlled to be about 65 ℃, performing first turning after 3d, and performing internal and external replacement and adding urea (dissolved in water) during turning (supplementing carbon source and nitrogen source required by agaricus blazei in the culture material); if the water content is too small, adding proper amount of water, turning the pile for the second time after 4 days, and turning the pile for the third time, the fourth time and the fifth time at intervals of 2, 2 and 1 d. The fermented culture material is dark brown, has no ammonia smell, odor and sour taste, has proper water content, and has pH of about 7.5 (if too low, lime is used for regulation), which is a process for passively adsorbing heavy metal ions in the culture material by the inactivated mixed strain.
(6) Sowing for the second time: the fermented compost is hot and passes through a furrow, the furrow width is 1.3m, the spreading thickness is 30cm, and the compost is sowed when the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃; the agaricus blazei murill is divided into eggs, inoculating holes with the depth of about 10cm are dug on the culture material every 20-25cm, pure strains are sown, 250ml of agaricus blazei murill strains are needed to be sown every square meter, finally, a layer of culture material with the thickness of about 1cm is paved on a bed surface to cover the strains, then, the bed is covered with a film, the film is not uncovered within 5 days after sowing, water is not sprayed, ventilation is carried out every 2 days after 5 days, and water spraying and moisture preservation are carried out when the material surface is dry.
(7) And (3) covering soil: covering soil when hypha is distributed on the surface of the material or grows to 2/3 of the whole culture material, selecting coarse soil grains with the diameter of 2-3cm and fine soil grains with the diameter of 0.5-1cm for covering soil, sterilizing and stirring the mixed soil materials to remove peculiar smell, adjusting the pH value by using quick lime, then uncovering the membrane and covering the soil, adopting a secondary covering soil technology, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 2cm for the first time when the hypha is fully distributed on the surface layer of the covering soil, then increasing the ventilation, and covering the covering soil with a thin film for 2-3d when the soil layer gradually turns white.
(8) And (3) fruiting management: if hypha climbs soil irregularly, soil is supplemented in time; when all hyphae are covered with the soil surface, spraying heavy water once; and (3) stopping water for 2d after heavy water is sprayed, spraying fruiting water for the second time, wherein the water content of soil is required to be that the soil is kneaded into a dough, meanwhile, the water is not required to be leaked to the material surface, ventilation and light ray enhancement are combined, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the fruiting stage, the humidity is controlled to be within 80-85%, after one-tide of mushrooms are harvested, the furrow surface is timely finished, and water is sprayed for supplementing, so that the mushroom wetting can smoothly occur.
Example 2
The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the culture medium formula comprises: 300kg of wheat straw, 175kg of cottonseed hull, 100kg of dry cow dung, 10kg of gypsum powder and 5kg of urea.
The mixed strain is a liquid microbial inoculum with the capacity of 250ml, and viable bacteria in each bottle comprise: phanerochaete chrysosporium (5 x 10)8cfu/ml), Dermatocida tricolor (5 x 10)8cfu/ml), Ceriporiopsis sp (3 x 10)8cfu/ml）。
The process steps of this example were identical to example 1.
Example 3
The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the culture medium formula comprises: 150kg of wheat straws, 100kg of soybean straws, 50kg of bagasse, 25kg of wood chips, 100kg of dry cow dung, 10kg of calcium carbonate and 5kg of urea.
The mixed strain is a liquid microbial inoculum with the capacity of 250ml, and viable bacteria in each bottle comprise: phanerochaete chrysosporium (6 x 10)8cfu/ml), Dermatocida tricolor (6 x 10)8cfu/ml）。
The process steps of this example were identical to example 1.
Example 4
The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the culture medium formula comprises: 150kg of rice straw, 100kg of soybean straw, 50kg of bagasse, 25kg of cottonseed hulls, 100kg of dried chicken manure, 10kg of slaked lime and 5kg of urea.
The mixed strain is a liquid microbial inoculum with the capacity of 250ml, and viable bacteria in each bottle comprise: phanerochaete chrysosporium (12 x 10)8cfu/ml）。
The process steps of this example were identical to example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the mixed seed culture was not subjected to formaldehyde crosslinking-alkali treatment.
Comparative example 2
The formula of the culture material of the comparative example is consistent with that of the culture material of the example 1, mixed strains are not added, and the process comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting culture materials: soaking the straw, corncob, bran and other raw materials for 3h in a pre-wetting manner before stacking, fishing out the pre-stack for 3d, and then crushing and mixing; the cow dung is smashed in advance, and a proper amount of water is added for stirring and pre-stacking for 2 d.
(2) Building a pile: uniformly mixing the crushed straws, corncobs and bran, padding the mixture for 20cm on the ground by using bricks or cement before spreading the mixture, then firstly spreading a layer of mixed base material, then spreading a layer of lime powder, spreading cow dung on the inner layer, then spreading the mixed base material, aligning the layers in such a way that the width of the material is 60cm, the height of the material is 50cm, burying round wood sections at intervals of 1.2m, pulling out the materials after stacking, ventilating the materials, spreading lime on the outermost layer, and taking care to prevent wind and rain.
(3) And (3) fermentation and turning: when in pile building, the water content of the culture material cannot be too low, and the culture material can be properly dropped into water by holding; measuring the central temperature of the material pile every day after pile building, when the temperature rises to above 65 ℃, turning the pile for the first time after 4 days, and replacing the inside and the outside of the culture materials during pile turning. If the water content of the material is less, adding water, and enabling the material to hold a hand to drip 3-4 drops of water; and 5d later, performing second pile turning, and thus performing third, fourth and fifth pile turning at intervals of 4, 4 and 3 d. The fermented culture material is brown, has no ammonia smell, odor and sour taste, has proper water content, and has pH of about 7.5 (if too low, lime is used for regulation).
(4) Sowing: the fermented compost is hot and passes through a furrow, the furrow width is 1.3m, the spreading thickness is 30cm, and the compost is sowed when the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃; the agaricus blazei murill is divided into eggs, inoculating holes with the depth of about 10cm are dug on the culture material every 20-25cm, pure strains are sown, 250ml of agaricus blazei murill strains are needed to be sown every square meter, finally, a layer of culture material with the thickness of about 1cm is paved on a bed surface to cover the strains, then, the bed is covered with a film, the film is not uncovered within 5 days after sowing, water is not sprayed, ventilation is carried out every 2 days after 5 days, and water spraying and moisture preservation are carried out when the material surface is dry.
(5) And (3) covering soil: covering soil when hypha is distributed on the surface of the material or grows to 2/3 of the whole culture material, selecting coarse soil grains with the diameter of 2-3cm and fine soil grains with the diameter of 0.5-1cm for covering soil, sterilizing and stirring the mixed soil materials to remove peculiar smell, adjusting the pH value by using quick lime, then uncovering the membrane and covering the soil, adopting a secondary covering soil technology, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 2cm for the first time when the hypha is fully distributed on the surface layer of the covering soil, then increasing the ventilation, and covering the covering soil with a thin film for 2-3d when the soil layer gradually turns white.
(6) And (3) fruiting management: if hypha climbs soil irregularly, soil is supplemented in time; when all hyphae are covered with the soil surface, spraying heavy water once; and (3) stopping water for 2d after heavy water is sprayed, spraying fruiting water for the second time, wherein the water content of soil is required to be that the soil is kneaded into a dough, meanwhile, the water is not required to be leaked to the material surface, ventilation and light ray enhancement are combined, the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the fruiting stage, the humidity is controlled to be within 80-85%, after one-tide of mushrooms are harvested, the furrow surface is timely finished, and water is sprayed for supplementing, so that the mushroom wetting can smoothly occur.
The heavy metal content of the first tide of Agaricus blazei Murill species of each of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 was measured, and the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the content of each heavy metal in the embodiments 1 to 4 is significantly reduced compared with the content in the comparative examples 1 and 2, which proves that the invention adopted in the invention can significantly reduce the effect of enriching the heavy metal ions by the agaricus blazei; compared with the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the mixed strain in the embodiment 1 still has certain adsorption capacity, but the heavy metal adsorption capacity is obviously reduced, so that the pretreatment of the mixed strain can obviously improve the adsorption capacity of the mixed strain.
The yields of the groups of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in the following table:
as shown in the table, the small difference between the yields of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 is high, and the slightly low yield of the example 4 may be due to the fact that the mixed strain uses a single strain, which has no competitive inhibition during the growth process, is faster in propagation and consumes more nutrients, thus reducing the nutrition of the agaricus blazei murill, but the growth time is limited (by killing with an inhibitor), thus not only the yield of the agaricus blazei murill is not affected, but also the obtained agaricus blazei murill has high yield and good quality.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation process of agaricus blazei murill with low heavy metal content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the mixed base material and feces, spreading on mushroom bed, uniformly spreading mixed strain in the mixed base material until the mycelium grows to 1/4-1/3, spraying inhibitor for 2-15h, heating to 70-75 deg.C, and maintaining for 10-25h to obtain mixed culture material;
step two: then uniformly mixing the mixed culture material with the mixed base material and excrement, and performing secondary fermentation to obtain a secondary fermentation base material;
step three: spreading the re-fermented base material on a ridge bed, sowing, and then performing film mulching culture;
step four: covering with film, culturing until mycelia grow to 1/2-3/4 of material thickness, and culturing in soil;
step five: and (3) fruiting stage: culturing at 18-28 deg.C and humidity of 80-85% until fruiting;
the mixed strain comprises phanerochaete chrysosporium, panus trichlorus and Ceriporiopsis sp; the viable bacteria concentration of the mixed strain is as follows: (1-8)*108Phanerochaete chrysosporium cfu/ml, (0-8) × 108cfu/ml panus fasciatus, (0-8) × 108cfu/ml Ceriporiopsis sp;
the inhibitor is chlorine dioxide solution;
the mixed base material comprises one or more of rice straw, wood chips, corncobs, bran, cottonseed hulls, wheat straws, bean crop straws, bagasse, urea, slaked lime, gypsum powder and calcium carbonate; the manure is selected from poultry manure and/or livestock manure.
2. The process for cultivating agaricus blazei murill with low heavy metal content according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature in the fermentation process in the step one is 65-70 ℃, and the agaricus blazei murill is turned and piled for 2-5 times.
3. The process for cultivating agaricus blazei murill with low heavy metal content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature in the secondary fermentation process in the second step is 60-68 ℃, and the agaricus blazei murill is turned and piled 1-5 times in the middle; when turning the pile, controlling the water content to be 60-65%, and adjusting the pH to be 6.5-8.0.
4. The process for cultivating Agaricus blazei Murill with low heavy metal content according to claim 1, wherein the amount of Agaricus blazei Murill inoculated in the third step is 1-3 bottles of 250 ml/m.
5. The cultivation process of Agaricus blazei Murill with low heavy metal content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed strain treatment method comprises: (1) soaking the mycelium pellet in acidic formaldehyde solution for 40-90min, and filtering; (2) sequentially using deionized water and Na2CO3The solution washes away the redundant chemical reagent on the surface of the mycelium pellet; (3) immersing the mycelium pellets in deionized water for 20-40 min; (4) the mycelium pellets are rinsed with deionized water until the filtrate is neutral.
6. The process for cultivating agaricus blazei murill with low heavy metal content according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of hydrochloric acid in the acidic formaldehyde solution: formaldehyde =1: 3-5.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the inhibitor is 50-200 mg/L.
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