CN111066408B - Machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method - Google Patents
Machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066408B CN111066408B CN202010052085.3A CN202010052085A CN111066408B CN 111066408 B CN111066408 B CN 111066408B CN 202010052085 A CN202010052085 A CN 202010052085A CN 111066408 B CN111066408 B CN 111066408B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
Abstract
The utility model discloses a one-time fertilization method for machine-inserted efficient cultivation in the technical field of rice fertilization, which comprises the following steps of (1) fully mixing a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in a controlled-release period of 80 days in a mass ratio of (3-7) to (3-7) one day before rice transplantation, mixing a potassium fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and the mixed nitrogen fertilizer together, and pouring the mixed fertilizer into a fertilizer box of a rotary tillage fertilizer applicator; (2) the rotary tillage fertilizer applicator is driven to the field, the fertilizer falls from the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer falling to the ground surface is mixed into the tillage layer by 6-9cm at one time by the rotary tillage cutter; (3) after fertilization is finished, water is added to soak the field and the field is filled; the utility model can screw the fertilizer into the soil at one time, and has high efficiency and good fertilizing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fertilizing method, in particular to a one-time fertilizing method for machine-transplanting efficient cultivation.
Background
The rice is one of three major food crops in China, and more than 70% of people in China take the rice as staple food. Therefore, the high yield and high quality of the rice play a significant role in guaranteeing the food safety in China. Researchers have long conducted a great deal of research on the aspects of high yield and quality of rice, cost saving, efficiency improvement, sustainable resources and the like in order to greatly improve the yield of rice,
fertilizers are key factors for increasing crop yield. Since the 50 s of the 20 th century, the production and use of fertilizers has become a major country for fertilizer production and consumption in China today. As for nitrogen fertilizers, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers is generally low all over the world, the utilization rate of foreign nitrogen fertilizers is 50% -55%, and the utilization rate of Chinese nitrogen fertilizers is only 30% -35%. One reason for this is that rice grows slowly and long, and the commonly used quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as urea are difficult to meet the requirement of the rice for N in the growth cycle. The nitrogen fertilizer has low utilization rate, and the loss of a large amount of nitrogen not only causes resource waste and increases production cost, but also causes a series of environmental problems.
In order to solve the problem, the conventional fertilization mode is to perform multiple times of fertilization including base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer, grain fertilizer and the like in the rice growth period. However, the conventional fertilization mode needs multiple fertilization, so that a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, and the conventional quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is dissolved too fast and is easily lost through ammonia volatilization, runoff, leaching and other modes, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low and environmental pollution is caused.
The appearance of the controlled release fertilizer solves the problems brought by the conventional fertilization mode to a certain extent. The controlled release fertilizer can release nutrients according to the fertilizer requirement rule of crops, and the requirement of the crops on growth can be met by one-time basal application. However, the release rate of the controlled release fertilizer in the early stage is slow, and the requirement of the rice on nutrients in the early stage can not be met by single application. Therefore, controlled release fertilizers have been mixed with conventional fertilizers to reduce this disadvantage.
Starting from the fertilizer, urea is prepared into a new fertilizer variety with long-acting, slow release and high utilization rate, so that the loss of nitrogen can be reduced. The slow release fertilizer can avoid the excess nutrients in the soil, coordinate the contradiction between the soil nutrient supply and the plant nutrient absorption, improve the yield and the fertilizer utilization rate, simplify the fertilization technology, improve the labor efficiency and reduce the pollution of fertilizer loss to the environment.
However, the nutrient release characteristics of most slow and controlled release fertilizers are difficult to completely coincide with the fertilizer requirement rule of rice. The nutrient release rate of part of slow-release fertilizers is too slow, and the condition of insufficient fertilizer supply can occur in the period of large fertilizer demand of rice, and reports indicate that the slow-release fertilizers are matched with common urea in a proper proportion to obtain a good effect, and in addition, the fertilization cost is obviously increased by adding the full or reduced amount of pure slow-release fertilizers, so that the slow-release fertilizers are difficult to popularize and apply in a large area; in addition, in the prior art, fertilization is often performed after rotary tillage is finished, and fertilizer nutrients are lost on the surface of soil, so that the fertilizer nutrients cannot be fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a one-time fertilization method for machine-transplanting high-efficiency cultivation, solves the technical problem of poor fertilization effect in the prior art, can screw fertilizers into soil at one time, and has high efficiency and good fertilization effect.
The purpose of the utility model is realized as follows: a machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method, which comprises the following steps,
(1) fully mixing the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the controlled-release period of 80 days in a mass ratio of (3-7) to (3-7) one day before transplanting the rice, mixing the potassium fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the mixed nitrogen fertilizer together, and pouring the mixed fertilizer into a fertilizer box of a rotary tillage fertilizer applicator;
(2) the rotary tillage fertilizer applicator is driven to the field, the fertilizer falls from the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer falling to the ground surface is mixed into the tillage layer by 6-9cm at one time by the rotary tillage cutter;
(3) after fertilization is finished, water is added to soak the field and the field is filled and leveled.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is a resin-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with a controlled-release period of 80 days, the application amount accounts for 60 percent of the pure nitrogen amount required by each hectare, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is common urea, and the application amount accounts for 40 percent of the pure nitrogen amount required by each hectare.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the dosage is 114kg/hm 2; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the using amount is 228kg/hm 2.
In order to further realize the action of rotary tillage after fertilization, the rotary tillage fertilizer applicator comprises a frame, a first rotary blade shaft is rotatably connected to the frame, a plurality of first rotary blades are distributed on the first rotary blade shaft, a second rotary blade shaft is rotatably connected to the frame behind the first rotary blade shaft, a plurality of second rotary blades are distributed on the second rotary blade shaft, a suspension bracket is arranged at the front part of the frame, fertilizer application boxes are respectively and fixedly connected to the frame at the left side and the right side of the suspension bracket, a plurality of electric fertilizer applicators are distributed at the lower side of the fertilizer application boxes, a plurality of fertilizer falling ports are formed in the fertilizer application boxes, a fertilizer inlet of each electric fertilizer applicator is communicated with the fertilizer falling ports, a fertilizer guide plate is fixedly connected to the lower parts of the electric fertilizer applicators, the fertilizer guide plate extends forwards and downwards, fertilizer discharged from the electric fertilizer applicators falls onto the fertilizer guide plate, and fertilizer falling onto the front of the frame, a rotary shaft which can be lifted and rotated is connected to the rack behind the first rotary blade shaft, a spiral blade is arranged on the rotary shaft, the spiral blade covers the position of the first rotary blade in the length direction, and the rotary shaft is arranged between the first rotary blade shaft and the second rotary blade shaft in the front-back direction; in this design, in operation, electronic fertilizer applicator work, the fertilizer that falls fertilizer mouthful department falls into in the electronic fertilizer applicator, the last fertilizer outlet that has of electronic fertilizer applicator, fertilizer falls on leading the fertilizer board from the fertilizer outlet, fertilizer falls to the subaerial in rotary cultivator the place ahead along leading the fertilizer board, first rotary blade axle and second rotary blade axle rotate, soil is cut to first rotary blade and second rotary blade, and simultaneously, will fall in the soil is gone into in the fertilizer rotary tillage on the earth's surface, the displacement of the inclination adjustment pivot left and right sides in the direction of height through the frame, the direction of rotation of control pivot, make helical blade carry the earth of downward sloping end toward the tilt up end, make the soil volume in the rotary tillage region and the volume of applying fertilizer keep balance as far as possible, the soil volume that the second rotary blade cut is the same basically, the atress of balanced each second rotary blade, and long service life is prolonged.
In order to further realize the adjustment of the levelness of the rotating shaft, a first connecting frame and a second connecting frame are respectively and fixedly connected with the two sides of the machine frame in the left-right direction, a first linear driver is connected on the first connecting frame, the first linear driver is connected with a first lifting rod which can do reciprocating linear movement in the height direction and extends downwards, one end of the first lifting rod, which extends downwards, is connected with a first connecting seat, the outer side of the first connecting seat is fixedly connected with a driving motor, the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, the second connecting frame is connected with a second linear driver, the second linear driver is connected with a second lifting rod which can do reciprocating linear movement in the height direction and extends downwards, one end of the lifting rod II, which extends downwards, is connected with a connecting seat II, one end of the rotating shaft, which is far away from the connecting seat I, is rotatably connected to the connecting seat II, and a gyroscope is arranged on the upper side of the rack; in the design, the first connecting frame is arranged at the right side of the frame, the second connecting frame is arranged at the left side of the frame, in an initial state, the upper side of the frame is horizontal in the left-right direction, the rotating shaft is in a horizontal state, the rotary cultivator can incline in the left-right direction in the advancing process, the first gyroscope is used for detecting the levelness of the frame and is mainly used for detecting whether the frame is horizontal in the left-right direction or not, for example, when the frame inclines to the right, the first linear driver and the second linear driver are controlled to act, according to the displacement of the first lifting rod and the second lifting rod in the height direction, which is detected by the first gyroscope, the first lifting rod retracts upwards relative to the second lifting rod, so that the rotating shaft is horizontal, the helical blades are in contact with the ground, the action direction of the driving motor is controlled, the helical blades convey the soil on the right side to the left side, the cutting resistance of each second rotary blade is balanced, and meanwhile, the soil amount in a rotary tillage area is kept balanced.
As a further improvement of the utility model, a first connecting lug is arranged on one outward side of the first connecting seat, one downward extending end of the first lifting rod is connected with the first connecting lug, a first pull wire is further connected to the first connecting lug, a second connecting lug is arranged on one outward side of the second connecting seat, and a second pull wire is further connected to the second connecting lug.
In order to further balance the cutting resistance of the second rotary blade, a first guide frame and a second guide frame are fixedly connected to the upper side of the machine frame, a first pull rod matched with the first pull wire is slidably connected to the first guide frame, the first pull rod is connected with the first pull wire, a first adjusting rod is fixedly connected to one end of the first pull rod, which is far away from the first pull wire, a first guide hole is formed in the first guide frame, the adjusting rod is slidably connected to the first guide frame through the first guide hole, a first connecting plate is arranged at one end, facing outwards, of the first adjusting rod, the second guide frame is slidably connected with a second pull rod matched with the second pull wire, the second pull rod is connected with the second pull wire, a second adjusting rod is fixedly connected to one end, which is far away from the second pull wire, of the second adjusting rod, a second guide hole is formed in the second guide frame, the second adjusting rod is slidably connected to the second guide frame through the second guide hole, a second connecting plate is arranged at one end, which is facing outwards, and an adjusting shaft is connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, a plurality of soil retaining plates are distributed on the adjusting shaft, and one ends of the soil retaining plates, far away from the adjusting shaft, are hinged on the rack.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the left side and the right side of the fertilizer guide plate are provided with fertilizer protection plates.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a first perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a point a in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a second perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 4 at B.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view at C in fig. 6.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the present invention with the cover plate and the fertilizer box hidden.
Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 8 at D.
Fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view at E in fig. 8.
Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1 at F.
Fig. 12 is a partial enlarged view at G in fig. 11.
Wherein, 1 a first rotary blade shaft, 2 a first rotary blade, 3 a second rotary blade shaft, 4 a driving motor, 401 an output shaft, 5 a frame, 6 a suspension bracket, 7 a gyroscope, 8 a first connecting lug, 9 a first lifting rod, 10 a first pull wire, 11 a first connecting frame, 12 a first reinforcing plate, 13 a first connecting frame, 14 a first pull rod, 15 a first guide frame, 16 a first adjusting rod, 17 a second pull rod, 18 a fertilizer protecting plate, 19 a fertilizer guiding plate, 20 a fertilizer outlet, 21 an electric fertilizer applicator, 22 a fertilizer applying box, 23 a cover plate, 24 a second connecting plate, 25 a second connecting frame, 26 a second pull wire, 27 a second reinforcing plate, 28 a second connecting frame, 29 a second linear driver, 30 a second lifting rod, 31 a second connecting lug, 32 a rotating shaft, 33 a spiral blade, 34 a second rotary blade, 35 a limit driving column, 36 a connecting groove, 37 a first fixing lug, 38 a soil retaining plate, 39 a first guiding hole, 40 a connecting plate, 41 a first connecting plate, 42 a second fixing lug, 43 a second adjusting shaft, a second guide frame 44, a second pull rod 45, a second connecting plate 46, a cover plate 47, a fertilizing box 48, an electric fertilizing device 49, a fertilizer dropping opening 50, a fertilizer guiding plate 51, a fertilizer protecting plate 52, a hanging frame 53 and a first linear driver 54.
Detailed Description
A machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method, which comprises the following steps,
(1) fully mixing the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the controlled-release period of 80 days in a mass ratio of 6:4 one day before transplanting the rice, mixing the potassium fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the mixed nitrogen fertilizer together, and pouring the mixed fertilizer into a fertilizer box of a rotary tillage fertilizer applicator;
(2) the rotary tillage fertilizer applicator is driven to the field, the fertilizer falls from the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer falling to the ground surface is mixed into the tillage layer by 6-9cm at one time by the rotary tillage cutter;
(3) after fertilization is finished, water is added to soak the field and the field is filled;
wherein the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is a resin-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with a controlled-release period of 80 days, the application amount (calculated by pure nitrogen) accounts for 60 percent of the pure nitrogen amount required by each hectare, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is common urea, and the application amount (calculated by pure nitrogen) accounts for 40 percent of the pure nitrogen amount required by each hectare.
The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate with the dosage of 114kg/hm2(ii) a The potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with the dosage of 228kg/hm2；
In order to further realize the actions of fertilizing before and then rotary tillage, the rotary tillage fertilizer applicator (as shown in figures 1-12) comprises a frame 5, a first rotary blade shaft 1 is rotatably connected on the frame 5, a plurality of first rotary blades 2 are distributed on the first rotary blade shaft 1, a second rotary blade shaft 3 is rotatably connected on the frame 5 behind the first rotary blade shaft 1, a plurality of second rotary blades 34 are distributed on the second rotary blade shaft 3, the lowest position of the rotary circumference of the second rotary blade 34 is not higher than the lowest position of the rotary circumference of the first rotary blade 2, the tillage area of the second rotary blade 34 covers the rotary tillage area of the first rotary blade 2 in the length direction, a suspension bracket 53 is arranged at the front part of the frame 5, fertilizer application boxes 48 are respectively and fixedly connected on the frame 5 at the left side and the right side of the suspension bracket 53, a plurality of electric fertilizer applicators 49 are distributed at the lower side of the fertilizer application boxes 48, a plurality of fertilizer dropping openings 50 are arranged on the fertilizer application boxes 48, a fertilizer inlet of each electric fertilizer applicator 49 is communicated with a fertilizer falling port 50, the lower part of each electric fertilizer applicator 49 is fixedly connected with a fertilizer guide plate 51, the fertilizer guide plate 51 extends forwards and downwards, fertilizer discharged from the electric fertilizer applicator 49 falls onto the fertilizer guide plate 51, the fertilizer falling onto the fertilizer guide plate 51 falls in front of the frame 5, the left side and the right side of the fertilizer guide plate 51 are provided with fertilizer protection plates 52, the frame 5 behind the first rotary blade shaft 1 is connected with a rotating shaft 32 which can be lifted and rotated, the rotating shaft 32 is provided with a spiral blade 33, the spiral blade 33 covers the position of the first rotary blade 2 in the length direction, and the rotating shaft 32 is arranged between the first rotary blade shaft 1 and the second rotary blade shaft 3 in the front and rear directions; in order to further realize the levelness adjustment of the rotating shaft 32, two sides of the rack 5 in the left-right direction are respectively and fixedly connected with a first connecting frame 11 and a second connecting frame 28, the first connecting frame 11 is connected with a first linear driver 54, the first linear driver 54 is connected with a first lifting rod 9 which can reciprocate linearly in the height direction and extend downwards, one end of the first lifting rod 9 extending downwards is connected with a first connecting seat 13, the outer side of the first connecting seat 13 is fixedly connected with a driving motor 4, the rotating shaft 32 is connected with an output shaft 401 of the driving motor 4, the second connecting frame 28 is connected with a second linear driver 29, the second linear driver 29 is connected with a second lifting rod 30 which can reciprocate linearly in the height direction and extend downwards, one end of the second lifting rod 30 extending downwards is connected with a second connecting seat 25, one end of the rotating shaft 32 far away from the first connecting seat 13 is rotatably connected with the second connecting seat 25, the upper side of the frame 5 is provided with a first gyroscope 7.
In order to further balance the soil amount in the rotary tillage area, a first connecting lug 8 is arranged on one outward side of a first connecting seat 13, one end, extending downwards, of a first lifting rod 9 is connected with the first connecting lug 8, a first pull wire 10 is further connected onto the first connecting lug 8, a first reinforcing plate 12 is fixedly connected onto a first connecting frame 11, the upper portion of the first pull wire 10 is connected with the first reinforcing plate 12, a second connecting lug 31 is arranged on one outward side of a second connecting seat 25, a second pull wire 26 is further connected onto the second connecting lug, a second reinforcing plate 27 is fixedly connected onto a second connecting frame 28, and the upper portion of the second pull wire 26 is connected with the second reinforcing plate 27; the upper side of the frame 5 is fixedly connected with a first guide frame 15 and a second guide frame 44, the first guide frame 15 is slidably connected with a first pull rod 14 matched with the first pull wire 10, the first pull rod 14 is connected with the first pull wire 10, one end of the first pull rod 14, far away from the first pull wire 10, is fixedly connected with a first fixing lug 37, the first fixing lug 37 is connected with a first adjusting rod 16, the first guide frame 15 is provided with a first guide hole 39, the first adjusting rod 16 is slidably connected with the first guide frame 15 through the first guide hole 39, one end, towards the outer side, of the first adjusting rod 16 is provided with a first connecting plate 41, the second guide frame 44 is slidably connected with a second pull rod 45 matched with the second pull wire 26, the second pull rod 45 is connected with the second pull wire 26, one end, far away from the second pull rod 26, of the second pull rod 45 is fixedly connected with a second fixing lug 42, the second fixing lug 42 is connected with an adjusting rod 43, the second guide frame 44 is provided with a second guide hole, the second adjusting rod 43 is slidably connected with the second guide frame 44 through the second guide hole, the one end of adjusting pole two 43 towards the outside is equipped with connecting plate two 46, be connected with regulating shaft 40 between connecting plate one 41 and the connecting plate two 46, a plurality of fender boards 38 have been arranged on the regulating shaft 40, be equipped with the apron 47 on the frame 5, fender board 38 is in the below of apron 47, all be equipped with spacing drive column 35 on the regulating shaft 40 of the fender board 38 left and right sides, it has spread groove 36 to open on the fender board 38, fender board 38 hangs on regulating shaft 40 through spread groove 36, spacing drive column 35 limits the horizontal slip of fender board 38, the one end that keeps off board 38 and keeps away from regulating shaft 40 articulates on frame 5, the rotary tillage region when the fender board 38 upwards covers first rotary blade 2 and second rotary blade 34 rotary tillage in the front and back.
In order to further realize levelness adjustment of the leveling plate 19, the horizontal adjusting device further comprises two groups of press assemblies 17, a horizontal adjusting cylinder 24 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the rear portion of the rack 5, the horizontal adjusting cylinder 24 is arranged in a mode of deviating from the center of the rack 5 in the length direction, a horizontal cross beam 18 is arranged behind the rack 5, a supporting plate which extends backwards and downwards in an inclined mode is arranged on one backward side of the horizontal cross beam 18, the leveling plate 19 is arranged on one backward side of the lower portion of the supporting plate, a fixed seat 20 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the horizontal cross beam 18, a telescopic rod 22 which extends upwards and can perform reciprocating linear movement in the height direction is connected to the horizontal adjusting cylinder 24, a connecting rod 21 which extends backwards is arranged at the end portion, extending upwards, of the connecting rod 21, an adjusting column 23 is connected to the end portion, extending downwards, and is hinged to the fixed seat 20; a second gyroscope 6 is arranged on the horizontal beam 18; the pressing assembly 17 comprises two pressing plates 1701, a gas spring 1702 is connected between the two pressing plates 1701, the downward extending end part of a piston rod 1703 on the gas spring 1702 is hinged with the flat plate 19, and the two groups of pressing assemblies 17 are symmetrically arranged about the center of the frame 5 in the left-right direction.
In this embodiment, three-way four-position proportional directional valves may be installed on the frame 5, and the oil inlet and outlet of the first linear actuator 54, the second linear actuator 29 and the horizontal adjusting cylinder 24 are controlled by respectively controlling the power-on and power-off of the three-way four-position proportional directional valves; the linear driver I54, the linear driver II 29 and the horizontal adjusting cylinder 24 are preferably hydraulic cylinders, oil in an oil tank (the vane pump and the oil tank are usually arranged on a walking device of a traction rotary cultivator) is pumped out through a vane pump, when a three-way four-position proportional reversing valve is communicated, the oil with pressure enters a rod cavity of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder, and the oil in a rodless cavity returns to the oil tank through the corresponding three-way four-position proportional reversing valve, which is the prior art, and a corresponding structure diagram is not given in the utility model, and is not repeated; the suspension bracket 53 is used for connecting a walking device (the walking device can be a walking device such as a tractor, and the connection between the suspension bracket 53 and the walking device is the prior art); in the initial state of the utility model, the upper sides of the frame 5 and the horizontal beam 18 are in the horizontal state, the rotating shaft 32 is in the horizontal state, the soil guard plate 38 is in the vertical state, when the utility model works, the first rotary blade shaft 1 and the second rotary blade shaft 3 rotate, the first rotary blade 2 and the second rotary blade 34 carry out rotary tillage on the field simultaneously, soil is loosened, simultaneously, the first linear driver 54 and the second linear driver 29 operate simultaneously, the rotating shaft 32 descends horizontally, when the lowest position of the helical blade 33 contacts with the soil, the first linear driver 54 and the second linear driver 29 stop operating, because the utility model is hung behind a tractor, the frame 5 is easy to incline in the left-right direction during the rotary tillage, for example, when the frame 5 inclines to the right, the soil penetration depth of the first rotary blade 2 and the second rotary blade 34 on the left side is smaller than the soil penetration depth of the first rotary blade 2 and the second rotary blade 34 on the right side, in the rotary tillage area, the left soil amount is smaller than the right soil amount, the second linear driver 29 operates to lower the second lifting rod 30, the first linear driver 54 and the second linear driver 29 operate in opposite directions to raise the first lifting rod 9, the displacement amounts of the first lifting rod 9 and the second lifting rod 30 are controlled according to the inclination detected by the first gyroscope 7, so that the rotating shaft 32 is kept horizontal, the helical blade 33 is in contact with soil, the operating direction of the driving motor 4 is controlled, the helical blade 33 conveys the right soil to the left, meanwhile, the second lifting rod 30 drives the second stay wire 26 to descend, the second stay wire 26 pulls the pull rod to move to the left, the soil retaining plate 38 inclines to the left, the soil thrown upwards by the first rotary blade 2 and the second rotary blade 34 falls to the left side of the soil retaining plate 38 under the action of the soil retaining plate 38, the soil amount in the area is further balanced, and the cutting resistance of the second rotary blades 34 in the rotary tillage area is further balanced, meanwhile, the stress on the left and right directions of the frame 5 is balanced, so that the frame 5 is kept balanced as much as possible; if the frame 5 is inclined to the left, the working process is opposite to the above process; in addition, the second gyroscope 6 detects the levelness of the horizontal beam 18, mainly detects the levelness of the horizontal beam 18 in the left and right directions, controls the horizontal adjusting cylinder 24 to act, enables the telescopic rod 22 to move upwards or downwards, enables the horizontal beam 18 to keep balance in the left and right directions, keeps the leveling plate 19 horizontal to compact the soil, presses the leveling plate 19 by the air spring 1702, enables the leveling plate 19 to be attached to the ground all the time, and ensures the leveling effect; the utility model can balance the soil amount in the rotary tillage area, and the cutting resistance of each second rotary blade 34 is balanced, so that the stress at the connecting position of the second rotary blade shaft 3 and the second rotary blade 34 is balanced, and the rotary tillage operation is more reliable.
Specific examples of the amount of fertilizer applied are given below.
The test of the embodiment is arranged in a test base of Yangzhou university in a development area of Gaoyou city in Jiangsu province, and Nanjing 9108 is a test variety; the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer is as follows: 1: 0.4: 0.8; in addition, a potassium fertilizer (K2O) and a phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) are applied at one time as base fertilizers, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (containing 46.4 percent of nitrogen), the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate (containing P2O512.5 percent), the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride (containing K2O 57 percent), the slow release fertilizer is a resin coated PCU (N43 percent), the actual amount of the fertilizer is calculated according to the content of nutrients, and the fertilizer is applied at any time; 7 treatments were set.
Treatment 1: 285kg of pure nitrogen is applied per hectare, wherein the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 70 percent, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30 percent. The dosage of P2O5 is 114kg/hm2The dosage of K2O is 228kg/hm2；
And (3) treatment 2: 285kg of pure nitrogen is applied per hectare, wherein the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60 percent, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40 percent. The application amount of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is consistent with that of the treatment 1;
and (3) treatment: 285kg of pure nitrogen is applied per hectare, wherein the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 50 percent, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 50 percent. The application amount of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is consistent with that of the treatment 1;
and (4) treatment: 285kg of pure nitrogen is applied per hectare, wherein the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40 percent, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60 percent. The application amount of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is consistent with that of the treatment 1;
and (4) treatment 5: 285kg of pure nitrogen is applied per hectare, wherein the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30 percent, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 70 percent. The application amount of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is consistent with that of the treatment 1;
CK 1: 285kg of pure nitrogen is applied per hectare, the ratio of base tillering fertilizer to spike fertilizer is 7:3, the ratio of base fertilizer to tillering fertilizer is 5:5, the spike fertilizer is applied in equal amount in the period of pouring 4 leaves and pouring 2 leaves, and the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is consistent with that of the treatment 1.
CK 2: no nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is consistent with that of the treatment 1.
Planting and transplanting are carried out by combining a high-yield cultivation technology, and planting and transplanting are carried out according to 4 seedlings per hole, so that 1.5-2.0 ten thousand holes per mu are guaranteed. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, with a cell area of 20m2, randomly arranged. The protective rows are arranged around the cells, and plastic films are used for covering ridges among the cells to ensure independent irrigation and drainage so as to reduce the mutual influence among the cells.
Transplanting live plants in thin water during mechanical transplanting, and irrigating in a stable shallow water layer in a tillering stage; when the number of stem tillers reaches 80% of the expected spike number in the previous leaf age of the effective tillering critical leaf age, draining water and laying the land, and slightly laying or more laying the land; wetting and irrigating until the joints are pulled to the mature period; water is cut off 5-7 days before harvest. The prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are uniformly implemented according to local large-area production.
The results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on Rice yield
Note:
treatment 1: slow release of nitrogen fertilizer: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is 7: 3; and (3) treatment 2: slow release of nitrogen fertilizer: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is 6: 4; and (3) treatment: slow release of nitrogen fertilizer: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is 5: 5; and (4) treatment: slow release of nitrogen fertilizer: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is 4: 6; and (4) treatment 5: slow release of nitrogen fertilizer: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is 3: 7; CK 1: conventional fertilization; CK 2: no nitrogen fertilizer is applied.
As can be seen from table 1, the proportion of the quick-acting fertilizer increases with the decrease of the proportion of the controlled-release fertilizer, the yield of the nanjing 9108 tends to increase first and decrease later, and when the proportion of the slow-release fertilizer and the quick-acting fertilizer is 6:4, namely the fertilizing method of the utility model, the yield of the nanjing 9108 is the highest, reaches 10728.150kg/hm2, and is increased by 10.27% compared with the yield of the conventional fertilizer. The rice yield of the slow release fertilizer with the controlled release period of 80 days under the treatment of the proportion of the slow release fertilizer to the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer being 6:4 is higher than that of the rice yield of the slow release fertilizer under the treatment of other four fertilizers, the difference between the slow release fertilizer and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer being 7:3 and 5:5 is not obvious, but the difference between the slow release fertilizer and the slow release fertilizer being 4:6 and 3:7 is extremely obvious, and the effect of increasing the yield is obvious.
The utility model combines the controlled release fertilizer with common urea, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for one-time base application, reduces the fertilizing times by 3 times compared with the conventional base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer (the period of turning 4 leaves and 2 leaves), reduces 45 workers per hectare in total, and reduces the labor cost by 4500 yuan/hm 2 according to the calculation of 100 yuan for each worker.
In conclusion, according to the fertilizer requirement rule of the rice in different growth periods, the fertilization method and the proportion are improved according to local conditions, and the common nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are matched to be used as base fertilizers for one-time application, so that the fertilization times are reduced by 3 times compared with the conventional fertilization mode of farmers, the method is simple and easy to master, the cost is saved, and the yield is improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts according to the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A one-time fertilization method for machine-transplanting efficient cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) fully mixing the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the controlled-release period of 80 days in a mass ratio of (3-7) to (3-7) one day before transplanting the rice, mixing the potassium fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the mixed nitrogen fertilizer together, and pouring the mixed fertilizer into a fertilizer box of a rotary tillage fertilizer applicator;
(2) the rotary tillage fertilizer applicator is driven to the field, the fertilizer falls from the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer falling to the ground surface is mixed into the tillage layer by 6-9cm at one time by the rotary tillage cutter;
(3) after fertilization is finished, water is added to soak the field and the field is filled;
the rotary tillage fertilizer applicator comprises a frame, a first rotary tillage cutter shaft is rotatably connected to the frame, a plurality of first rotary tillage cutters are distributed on the first rotary tillage cutter shaft, a second rotary tillage cutter shaft is rotatably connected to the frame behind the first rotary tillage cutter shaft, a plurality of second rotary tillage cutters are distributed on the second rotary tillage cutter shaft, a suspension bracket is arranged at the front part of the frame, fertilizer application boxes are respectively and fixedly connected to the frame at the left side and the right side of the suspension bracket, a plurality of electric fertilizer applicators are distributed at the lower side of the fertilizer application boxes, a plurality of fertilizer dropping openings are formed in the fertilizer application boxes, a fertilizer inlet of each electric fertilizer applicator is communicated with the fertilizer dropping openings, a fertilizer guide plate is fixedly connected to the lower parts of the electric fertilizer applicators, the fertilizer guide plate extends forwards and downwards, fertilizer discharged from the electric fertilizer applicators falls onto the fertilizer guide plate, fertilizer falling onto the fertilizer guide plate falls in front of the frame, a liftable and rotatable rotating shaft is connected to the frame behind the first rotary tillage cutter shaft, the rotating shaft is provided with a helical blade, the helical blade covers the position of the first rotary blade in the length direction, and the rotating shaft is arranged between the first rotary blade shaft and the second rotary blade shaft in the front-rear direction; the two sides of the rack in the left and right direction are respectively fixedly connected with a first connecting frame and a second connecting frame, the first connecting frame is connected with a first linear driver, the first linear driver is connected with a first lifting rod which can do reciprocating linear movement in the height direction and stretch out downwards, one end of the first lifting rod stretching out downwards is connected with a first connecting seat, the outer side of the first connecting seat is fixedly connected with a driving motor, a rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, the second connecting frame is connected with a second linear driver, the second linear driver is connected with a second lifting rod which can do reciprocating linear movement in the height direction and stretch out downwards, one end of the second lifting rod stretching out downwards is connected with a second connecting seat, one end of the rotating shaft, far away from the first connecting seat, is rotatably connected onto the second connecting seat, a gyroscope is arranged on the upper side of the rack, one outward side of the first connecting seat is provided with a first connecting lug, one end of a lifting rod extending downwards is connected with a first connecting lug, a first pull wire is further connected onto the first connecting lug, a second connecting lug is arranged on one outward side of a second connecting seat, a second pull wire is further connected onto the second connecting lug, a first guide frame and a second guide frame are fixedly connected onto the upper side of the rack, the first guide frame is slidably connected with a first pull rod matched with the first pull wire, the first pull rod is connected with the first pull wire, one end of the first pull rod, far away from the first pull wire, is fixedly connected with a first adjusting rod, a first guide hole is formed in the first guide frame, the adjusting rod is slidably connected onto the first guide frame through the first guide hole, one outward end of the first adjusting rod is provided with a first connecting plate, the second guide frame is slidably connected with a second pull rod matched with the second pull wire, the second pull rod is connected with the second pull wire, one end of the second pull rod, far away from the second pull wire, is fixedly connected with a second adjusting rod, a second guide hole is formed in the second guide frame, and the second adjusting rod is slidably connected onto the second guide hole, one end of the second adjusting rod facing the outside is provided with a second connecting plate, an adjusting shaft is connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, a plurality of retaining plates are distributed on the adjusting shaft, and one ends, far away from the adjusting shaft, of the retaining plates are hinged to the rack.
2. The machine-transplanted efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is a resin-coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with a controlled-release period of 80 days, the application amount accounts for 60% of the pure nitrogen amount required by each hectare, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is common urea, and the application amount accounts for 40% of the pure nitrogen amount required by each hectare.
3. The machine-transplanted efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate with the dosage of 114kg/hm2(ii) a The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride with the dosage of 228kg/hm2。
4. The machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: and the left side and the right side of the fertilizer guide plate are provided with fertilizer protection plates.
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| CN102047781A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-11 | 佳木斯大学 | Machine for removing and windrowing stubbles of corns/sorghums |
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