CN111066407B - Method for degrading phenolic acid substances in continuous cropping soil - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for degrading phenolic acid substance content in continuous cropping soil, which adopts root secretion collecting liquid of Stephania delavayi Diels and any phenolic acid degrading fertilizer prepared by taking the root of Stephania delavayi Diels as raw material to degrade phenolic acid substance in soil; the preparation method of the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining mixed liquor of fleshy roots and root system extracts; (2) fermenting; (3) a load; the phenolic acid substances in the continuous cropping soil comprise: benzyl benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid. The method utilizes root exudates of the fleshy root system of the chloranthus japonicus or takes the root exudates as the raw material to prepare the phenolic acid degradation products so as to reduce the content of phenolic acid substances in the soil and reduce the harm of harmful phenolic acid in the continuous cropping soil to the soil and crops, has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection and low cost, and is an effective agricultural measure method for ensuring sustainable agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil remediation, in particular to a method for degrading phenolic acid substances in continuous cropping soil.
Background
The phenolic acid is secreted and released into rhizosphere soil through root systems, and is closely related to the growth condition of plants, the abundance, diversity and the like of rhizosphere microorganisms. A large number of researches prove that phenolic acid is an important allelochemical, enters rhizosphere soil through approaches of plant root secretion, plant residue decay and the like, is continuously accumulated, and can trigger the generation of plant autotoxicity (low seed germination rate, slow plant growth, reduced biomass, high incidence rate of soil-borne diseases and the like) and soil-borne pathogenic bacteria. The phenolic acids such as cinnamic acid, vanillin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and salicylic acid are separated and identified from root secretion of crops such as melons, cucumbers and the like, and researches prove that the phenolic acids have a blocking effect on the growth of the crops such as melons, cucumbers and the like and have a promoting effect on the growth of fusarium oxysporum.
Meanwhile, phenolic acid substances in plant root secretion substances can promote the growth of plants, inhibit soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, and play a positive role in the abundance, diversity and the like of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. The study of Zhoubaoli (2010) shows that benzyl benzoate can improve the disease resistance of eggplants to verticillium wilt and promote the germination of the seeds and the growth of seedlings of the eggplants.
The allelopathy prophase research of melon crops shows that allelopathy substances of fennel, onion and rape root exudates have the promotion effect on melon seed germination and seedling growth and the allelopathy effect on fusarium oxysporum, but most vegetable crops have long growth period, undeveloped root systems and small amount of root exudates or root leachates, so that the application to actual production is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for degrading phenolic acid substances in continuous cropping soil, which utilizes root exudates of fleshy root systems of the chloranthus glaber or takes the root exudates as raw materials to prepare phenolic acid degradation products so as to reduce the content of the phenolic acid substances in the soil and reduce the harm of harmful phenolic acid substances in the continuous cropping soil to the soil and crops.
The invention aims to realize the following technical scheme, and the method for degrading phenolic acid substances in continuous cropping soil is technically characterized by comprising the following steps of: the content of phenolic acid substances in the degraded soil is prepared from root secretion collecting liquid of the chloranthus japonicus and any phenolic acid degradation fertilizer prepared from the root of the chloranthus japonicus as a raw material;
the method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil by adopting root secretion collecting liquid of Stephania delavayi Diels comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of root exudate collecting solution
Washing fleshy root impurities of the chlorophytum comosum with water, putting the chlorophytum comosum plant into a container for water culture for 72-96 h, wherein the weight ratio of the root system to the water is 1:2-4, the culture temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the dark light culture/illumination culture = 10-14 h/10-14 h, so as to obtain a collecting solution containing root exudates of the chlorophytum comosum;
(2) soil is irrigated root and is used
The root irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the crops, the application is carried out once every 7 to 10 days, and each hole is 100ml and 200 ml;
the method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil in the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer prepared by taking the root of the chloranthus japonicus as the raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining mixed solution of fleshy root and root extract
Mixing succulent root of Chlorophytum comosum with water at a mass ratio of 1:2-3 at 30-35 deg.C, standing under illumination for 3-5 days without stirring to obtain mixed solution of succulent root and root system extract;
(2) fermentation of
Placing the mixed solution of the fleshy roots and the root extracts in a homogenizer to obtain a pulpy mixture, adding fiber degrading bacteria into the pulpy mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the pulpy mixture to the fiber degrading bacteria is 2000-4000:1, placing the materials in a constant-temperature fermentation box for constant-temperature anaerobic fermentation under the fermentation condition of 60-75 ℃, fermenting for 5-7 days, and stirring once every 4-6 hours; obtaining a fleshy root ferment;
(3) load(s)
Mixing the fermented product of the fleshy root with any one of plant ash or humus soil to obtain a phenolic acid degradation fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the fermented product of the fleshy root to the plant ash or the humus soil is 1: 2-5;
(4) administration of
Before crops are sown or planted, the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer is applied, 15-25 cm of cultivation layer is ploughed, water is sprayed until the soil temperature is 75-85%, a film is adopted to cover for 10 days, after the film is uncovered, the film is aired for 5-10 days, and then normal sowing can be realized, wherein the application amount of the phenolic acid degradation product is 35-70 kg/mu;
the phenolic acid substances in the continuous cropping soil comprise: benzyl benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) easily obtained raw materials
The method adopts the root system of the chlorophytum comosum as the raw material, the root system of the chlorophytum comosum is developed, and the chlorophytum comosum can survive for a long time by a water culture method, so that a crop-water culture three-dimensional cultivation mode of the chlorophytum comosum can be established, namely, the chlorophytum comosum and the crop are cultivated simultaneously, and the chlorophytum comosum can provide a root secretion collecting solution for irrigating the crop, so that the purpose of degrading phenolic acid substances in soil is achieved. Meanwhile, the root system of the Chlorophytum comosum can survive after pruning, so that the cylindrical fleshy root system can be used as a sustainable raw material, and the cost is reduced.
(2) The phenolic acid degradation fertilizer prepared by taking the root of the chloranthus japonicus as the raw material has obvious field effect, effectively improves the physicochemical property of soil while reducing toxic phenolic acid, has long validity period and is suitable for nuisanceless planting of field crops.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for degrading phenolic acid substances in continuous cropping soil comprises a method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil by using root secretion collecting liquid of Stephania delavayi Diels and a method for preparing phenolic acid degrading fertilizer for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil by using root of Stephania delavayi Diels as a raw material;
the method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil by adopting root secretion collecting liquid of Stephania delavayi Diels comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of root exudate collecting solution
Washing fleshy root impurities of the chlorophytum comosum with water, putting the chlorophytum comosum plant into a container for water culture for 72-96 h, wherein the weight ratio of the root system to the water is 1:2-4, the culture temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the dark light culture/illumination culture = 12 h/12 h, so as to obtain a collecting solution containing root secretion of the chlorophytum comosum;
(2) soil is irrigated root and is used
The root irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the crops, the application is carried out once every 7 to 10 days, and each hole is 100ml and 200 ml;
the method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil in the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer prepared by taking the root of the chloranthus japonicus as the raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining mixed solution of fleshy root and root extract
Mixing succulent root of Chlorophytum comosum with water at a mass ratio of 1:2-3 at 30-35 deg.C, standing under illumination for 3-5 days without stirring to obtain mixed solution of succulent root and root system extract;
(2) fermentation of
Placing the mixed solution of the fleshy roots and the root extracts in a homogenizer to obtain a pulpy mixture, adding fiber degrading bacteria into the pulpy mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the pulpy mixture to the fiber degrading bacteria is 2000-4000:1, placing the materials in a constant-temperature fermentation box for constant-temperature anaerobic fermentation under the fermentation condition of 60-75 ℃, fermenting for 5-7 days, and stirring once every 4-6 hours; obtaining a fleshy root ferment;
(3) load(s)
Mixing the fermented product of the fleshy root with any one of plant ash or humus soil to obtain a phenolic acid degradation fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the fermented product of the fleshy root to the plant ash or the humus soil is 1: 2-5;
(4) administration of
Before crops are sown or planted, the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer is applied, 15-25 cm of cultivation layer is ploughed, water is sprayed until the soil temperature is 75-85%, a film is adopted to cover for 10 days, after the film is uncovered, the film is aired for 5-10 days, and then normal sowing can be realized, wherein the application amount of the phenolic acid degradation product is 35-70 kg/mu;
the phenolic acid substances in the continuous cropping soil comprise: benzyl benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid.
Example 2
Indoor pot experiment method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil by adopting root secretion collecting solution of chlorophytum comosum
Test site: a scientific research base of the project university of Hebei;
test time: 3-6 months in 2019;
test subjects: potted melon seedlings, namely, a bracketplant with roots;
the test method comprises the following steps: root-irrigation treatment of melon seedlings by root exudate collecting liquid of chlorophytum comosum
(1) Cultivation of Chlorophytum comosum
Cultivating the chlorophytum comosum by adopting a water culture method, namely washing fleshy root impurities of the chlorophytum comosum by using water, putting the chlorophytum comosum plant into a container for water culture, wherein the weight ratio of the root system to the water is 1:2-4, the cultivation temperature is 25-30 ℃, the illumination and dark alternate cultivation is carried out, and the water is changed once every 72-96 hours, so as to obtain a collecting solution containing the root secretion of the chlorophytum comosum;
(2) potted melon seedling
The soil is collected in muskmelon soil of many years of continuous cropping in test base of Hebei engineering university, and each barrel is filled with 3kg of soil. The method comprises the steps of soaking and disinfecting melon seeds with warm soup at 55 ℃, then placing the melon seeds in a thermostat at 27 ℃ for germination accelerating treatment, planting the melon seeds in barrels when the melon seeds are exposed to the white, reserving 4 plants with good growth vigor in each barrel after cotyledon flattening, and carrying out normal management. The experiment was set up with 2 treatments, each 5 replicates:
treatment 1: the root irrigation application is carried out in the melon growth period, the root irrigation application is carried out once every 7-10 days, and the root irrigation amount of each plant is 100 ml;
and (3) treatment 2: root irrigation with clear water as control treatment.
(3) Survey of soil phenolic acid measurement results
In the muskmelon fruiting period, a 5-point method is used for sampling, soil samples at the position of 5cm away from the surface of a cultivated layer are removed, rhizosphere soil (within 1cm away from a root system) is taken, the soil on the root system is collected into a sterilized self-sealing bag by adopting a soil shaking method, then all fresh soil samples are fully mixed, and natural air drying treatment is carried out. Reference is made to the method of Dalton et al (1987) for extraction and determination of soil phenolic acid materials, reference being made to the patent application No. 2018102954811.
The test result shows that: the root system secretion collecting liquid of the chloranthus japonicus is adopted to carry out root irrigation treatment on the melons, so that the content of various phenolic acid substances in the soil can be obviously reduced, a large number of results show that the phenolic acid substances in the table 1 are mostly allelochemicals which have an inhibiting effect on crops in the soil, the harm of the phenolic acid substances on the growth and development of the crops is necessarily reduced, and the physicochemical property of the soil is improved.
TABLE 1 different treatment soil phenolic acid content (μ g ∙ kg-1)
| Treatment of | P-hydroxybenzoic acid | Benzoic acid benzyl ester | Vanillic acid | Ferulic acid | Syringic acid | Benzoic acid | Vanillin | Coumaric acid | Cinnamic acid |
| Process 1 | 10.35 | 10.22 | 1.68 | 18.52 | 2.05 | 5.26 | 1.28 | 98.20 | 1.25 |
| Treatment 2 | 37.52 | 19.67 | 4.27 | 39.55 | 8.21 | 15.20 | 2.89 | 150.89 | 7.45 |
Example 3 field assay results
(1) Test time: 2018 years old
(2) Test site: test base of Hebei engineering university
(3) And (3) test crops: melon (sweet melon)
(4) The continuous cropping age limit: 4 years old
(5) Treating 1, namely treating 2, namely treating a blank control of normal water and fertilizer management by adopting a method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil in a phenolic acid degradation fertilizer prepared by taking roots of chloranthus japonicus as raw materials;
the preparation method of the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. obtaining mixed solution of fleshy root and root extract
Mixing succulent root of Chlorophytum comosum with water at a mass ratio of 1:3 at 30-35 deg.C, standing under illumination for 5 days without stirring to obtain mixed solution of succulent root and root system extract;
b. fermentation of
Placing the mixed solution of the fleshy roots and the root extracts in a homogenizer to obtain a slurry mixture, adding fiber degrading bacteria into the slurry mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the slurry mixture to the fiber degrading bacteria is 3000:1, the fiber degrading bacteria product is purchased from Pico biological bacterium science and technology Limited company in Yankyo, placing the materials in a constant temperature fermentation box for constant temperature fermentation under the fermentation condition of 60-75 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and stirring once every 6 hours in the process; obtaining the fleshy root ferment.
c. Load(s)
Mixing the fleshy root fermented product and plant ash in a mixer to obtain a phenolic acid degradation fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the fleshy root fermented product to the plant ash is 1: 4;
d. administration of
Before crops are sowed or planted, the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer is applied, 20 cm of ploughing layer is ploughed, water is sprayed until the soil temperature is 75-85%, then a film is adopted for covering for 10 days, and the application amount of the phenolic acid degradation product is 60 kg/mu;
(6) influence of phenolic acid degradation fertilizer on phenolic acid content of continuous cropping soil
And (3) after the film is uncovered, airing for 8 days for measuring the content of the soil phenolic acid, wherein the content of the autotoxic substances in the continuous cropping soil is obviously lower than that of the control by adopting the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer according to the result of the soil phenolic acid measuring method.
TABLE 2 different treatment soil phenolic acid content (μ g ∙ kg-1)
| Treatment of | P-hydroxybenzoic acid | Ferulic acid | Benzoic acid | Cinnamic acid |
| Process 1 | 12.45 | 21.33 | 5.38 | 1.45 |
| Treatment 2 | 38.67 | 40.88 | 16.08 | 6.77 |
Claims (1)
1. A method for degrading phenolic acid substances in continuous cropping soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: degrading phenolic acid substances in the soil by using root secretion collecting liquid of the chloranthus japonicus, or preparing phenolic acid degrading fertilizer degraded phenolic acid substances in the soil by using roots of the chloranthus japonicus as raw materials;
the method for degrading phenolic acid substances in soil by adopting root secretion collecting liquid of Stephania delavayi Diels comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of root exudate collecting solution
Washing fleshy root impurities of the chlorophytum comosum with water, putting the chlorophytum comosum plant into a container for water culture for 72-96 h, wherein the weight ratio of the root system to the water is 1:2-4, the culture temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the dark light culture/illumination culture = 10-14 h/10-14 h, so as to obtain a collecting solution containing root exudates of the chlorophytum comosum;
(2) soil is irrigated root and is used
The root irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the crops, the application is carried out once every 7 to 10 days, and each hole is 100ml and 200 ml;
the method for degrading the phenolic acid substances in the soil by using the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer prepared by taking the root of the chloranthus japonicus as the raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining mixed solution of fleshy root and root extract
Mixing succulent root of Chlorophytum comosum with water at a mass ratio of 1:2-3 at 30-35 deg.C, standing under illumination for 3-5 days without stirring to obtain mixed solution of succulent root and root system extract;
(2) fermentation of
Placing the mixed solution of the fleshy roots and the root extracts in a homogenizer to obtain a slurry mixture, adding fiber degrading bacteria into the slurry mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the slurry mixture to the fiber degrading bacteria is 2000-4000:1, placing the slurry mixture added with the fiber degrading bacteria in a constant-temperature fermentation box for constant-temperature anaerobic fermentation under the fermentation condition of 60-75 ℃, fermenting for 5-7 days, and stirring once every 4-6 hours; obtaining a fleshy root ferment;
(3) load(s)
Mixing the fermented product of the fleshy root with any one of plant ash or humus soil to obtain a phenolic acid degradation fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the fermented product of the fleshy root to the plant ash or the humus soil is 1: 2-5;
(4) administration of
Before crops are sown or planted, the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer is applied, cultivation layers of 15-25 cm are ploughed, water is sprayed until the soil humidity is 75-85%, then a film is adopted to cover for 10 days, after the film is uncovered, the film is aired for 5-10 days, and then normal sowing can be realized, wherein the application amount of the phenolic acid degradation fertilizer is 35-70 kg/mu;
the phenolic acid substances in the continuous cropping soil comprise: benzyl benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid.
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