CN111058567A - 一种阻燃板 - Google Patents

一种阻燃板 Download PDF

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CN111058567A
CN111058567A CN201911384524.4A CN201911384524A CN111058567A CN 111058567 A CN111058567 A CN 111058567A CN 201911384524 A CN201911384524 A CN 201911384524A CN 111058567 A CN111058567 A CN 111058567A
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layer
flame
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章培良
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Zhejiang Jingjing Insulating Material Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Jingjing Insulating Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃板，包括基板、功能板，所述功能板包括阻燃层、吸音层、防腐层、表观层，所述阻燃层、吸音层、防腐层、表观层沿所述基板依次从内到外分布，所述阻燃层由氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料复合而成，所述氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料的质量比例为16:3:27:1:2，所述阻燃层厚度为5mm，所述吸音层为离心玻璃棉层，厚度为2mm，所述防腐层为三聚氰胺树脂层，厚度为2mm，所述表观层为PVC覆膜层，厚度为1mm。本发明通过功能板使得阻燃板能够遇火碳化真正做到不燃，从而使得阻燃板具有高效阻燃性，同时还具有极强的功能性。

Description

一种阻燃板
技术领域
本发明涉及特殊板材领域，特别涉及一种阻燃板。
背景技术
阻燃板，又名叫难燃板，有阻燃密度板、阻燃胶合板等，是在人造板生产流程中，通过复杂的工艺，将阻燃剂添加到板材生产线中制成的人造板。
阻燃板以木材为主要原料生产的阻燃板，由于其结构的合理性和生产过程中的精细加工，可大体上克服木材的缺陷大大改善和提高木材的物理力学性能，同时难燃胶合板也克服了普通胶合板易燃烧的缺点，有效提高了胶合板阻燃性能，阻燃板生产是充分合理地利用木材、改善木材性能的一个重要方法。
现有的阻燃板一般是在木工板表面贴上阻燃皮层，从而起到阻燃的效果，然而传统阻燃板一旦发生火灾，由于热分解和燃烧，会产生大量的烟雾甚至有毒的腐蚀性气体，因此阻燃防火等级只能达到B1难燃级别，且功能单一，除了阻燃外其他功能性较差，无法在功能要求较高的场合使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃板，解决了现有阻燃板阻燃质量平庸且功能性较差的问题。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种阻燃板，包括基板、功能板，所述功能板包括阻燃层、吸音层、防腐层、表观层，所述阻燃层、吸音层、防腐层、表观层沿所述基板依次从内到外分布，所述阻燃层由氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料复合而成，所述氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料的质量比例为16:3:27:1:2，所述阻燃层厚度为5mm，所述吸音层为离心玻璃棉层，厚度为2mm，所述防腐层为三聚氰胺树脂层，厚度为2mm，所述表观层为PVC覆膜层，厚度为1mm。
采用上述技术方案，阻燃层由氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料复合而成按质量比例复合形成玻镁防火板，具有良好的防火性能，并且是不燃板材，火焰持续燃烧时间为零，在遇火燃烧的过程中能够吸收大量的热能延迟周围环境温度的升高，离心玻璃棉内部纤维蓬松交错，存在大量微小的孔隙，是典型的多孔性吸声材料，具有良好的吸声特性，可以大量吸收房间内的声能，降低混响时间，减少室内噪声，三聚氰胺树脂层具有良好的耐酸耐碱耐溶剂的特点，因此三聚氰胺树脂层能够提供防腐的效果，PVC膜具有防火耐火的效果，耐腐蚀的同时达到美观和耐用一体的效果。
作为优选，所述基板为橡木板，厚度为30mm。
采用上述技术方案，橡木经刨切等工序后做成的橡木板具有质地坚硬、结构牢固、使用年限长的优点，作为基板能够保证阻燃板的整体结构稳定。
作为优选，所述基板、阻燃层、吸音层、防潮层、表观层之间均通过粘结层粘结固定。
采用上述技术方案，通过粘结层使得阻燃板各层之间能够紧密连接，防止各层之间连接松动甚至脱落。
作为优选，所述粘合层为磷酸铝无机粘合剂层。
采用上述技术方案，磷酸铝无机粘合剂自身耐高温，是一种阻燃粘合剂，在粘合各层的同时还能进一步加强阻燃板的阻燃效果。
作为优选，所述功能板设置有两块，分别位于所述基板两侧成对称分布。
采用上述技术方案，通过在基板两侧均设置功能板，使得功能板能够对基板的两侧均起到防护作用，从而使得整个阻燃板的正反面效果一直，可以作为门板等有双面要求的板材。
作为优选，所述增强材料为玻璃纤维布。
采用上述技术方案，玻璃纤维布是一种性能优异的无机非金属材料，种类繁多，优点是绝缘性好、耐热性强、抗腐蚀性好、机械强度高，通常用作复合材料中的增强材料，可以增强复合材料自身强度。
作为优选，所述填充物为珍珠岩保温颗粒。
采用上述技术方案，珍珠岩原砂粉碎后，可用于木板之中作为填充料，具有保温的效果。
作为优选，所述氧化镁为活性高纯氧化镁。
采用上述技术方案，高纯氧化镁在高温下具有优良的耐碱性和电绝缘性，具有良好的光透过性，可以作为高温耐热材料。
作为优选，所述氯化镁为优质高纯氯化镁。
采用上述技术方案，高纯氯化镁纯度较高且杂质少，因而不容易出现泛霜、反卤、变形等现象，并且溶解时间更短。
附图说明
图1为实施例的结构示意图；
图2为实施例用于展示功能板的结构示意图。
附图标记：1、基板；2、功能板；3、阻燃层；4、吸音层；5、防腐层；6、表观层；7、粘合层。
具体实施方式
以下所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，保护范围并不仅局限于该实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案应当属于本发明的保护范围。同时应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
见图1至2，一种阻燃板，包括基板1、功能板2，基板1为橡木板，厚度为30mm，橡木又称栎木，是受人喜欢的树种，纹理直略交错，结构中等，木材重而硬，强度及韧性高，稳定性佳，因此橡木经刨切等工序后做成的橡木板具有质地坚硬、结构牢固、使用年限长的优点，作为基板1能够保证阻燃板的整体结构稳定。
功能板2设置有两块，分别位于基板1两侧成对称分布，使得功能板2能够对基板1的两侧均起到防护作用，从而使得整个阻燃板的正反面效果一直，可以作为门板等有双面要求的板材。
功能板2包括阻燃层3、吸音层4、防腐层5、表观层6，阻燃层3、吸音层4、防腐层5、表观层6沿基板1依次从内到外分布，阻燃层3由氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料复合而成，其中增强材料为玻璃纤维布，玻璃纤维布是无捻粗纱平纹织物，是手糊玻璃钢重要基材，玻璃纤维布是一种性能优异的无机非金属材料，种类繁多，优点是绝缘性好、耐热性强、抗腐蚀性好、机械强度高，通常用作复合材料中的增强材料，可以增强复合材料自身强度，并且玻璃纤维布自身具有隔热防火阻燃的效果，在遭到火焰燃烧时吸收大量热量并能够阻止火焰穿过、隔绝空气。
填充物为珍珠岩保温颗粒，珍珠岩是一种火山喷发的酸性熔岩，经急剧冷却而成的玻璃质岩石，因其具有珍珠裂隙结构而得名，珍珠岩原砂粉碎后，质量轻，使用温度范围广，可用于木板之中作为填充料，具有质轻保温的效果。
氯化镁选用高纯度氯化镁，采用优质高纯氯化镁作为原料由于纯度较高杂质少因而不容易出现泛霜、反卤、变形等现象，并且相比传统氯化镁卤片所需的用量更少，使得其生产运输、装卸、仓储等费用相应降低，整体综合成本降低，在降低成本的基础上达到了更好地效果。
氧化镁为活性高纯氧化镁，此处选用含量为98%活性含量为85%的活性高纯氧化镁，其在高温下具有优良的耐碱性和电绝缘性，具有良好的光透过性，经常可以当成高温耐热材料，并且与传统阻燃剂相比，传统阻燃剂广泛采用含卤聚合物或含卤阻燃剂组合而成的阻燃混合物，一旦发生火灾，由于热分解和燃烧，会产生大量的烟雾和有毒的腐蚀性气体，而氧化镁具有低烟低毒的优势，是更优良的高温耐热材料。
氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料的质量比例为16:3:27:1:2， 阻燃层3厚度为5mm，阻燃层3由氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料复合而成按质量比例复合形成玻镁防火板，具有良好的防火性能，并且是不燃板材，火焰持续燃烧时间为零，能做到800℃不燃烧，1200℃无火苗，耐火极限达到4小时以上，在遇火燃烧的过程中会发生碳化，能够吸收大量的热能延迟周围环境温度的升高，有阻挡火势蔓延的作用。与一般的阻燃板相比，一般的阻燃板就是在木工板上贴上防火皮层，防火等级一般为B1难燃级别，而由氧化镁等组成的阻燃层3由于遇火碳化的原因，能够做到真正而对不燃，能够达到A1级别的最高防火等级，大大提高了防火性能。
吸音层4为离心玻璃棉层，厚度为2mm，离心玻璃棉是将处于熔融状态的玻璃用离心喷吹法工艺进行纤维化喷涂热固性树脂制成的丝状材料，再经过热固化深加工处理，可制成具有多种用途的系列产品，离心玻璃棉内部纤维蓬松交错，存在大量微小的孔隙，是典型的多孔性吸声材料，具有良好的吸声特性，可以大量吸收房间内的声能，降低混响时间，减少室内噪声，除此之外，离心玻璃棉还具有阻燃和耐腐蚀的优点，可以进一步增大阻燃板的阻燃性和耐腐蚀性。
防腐层5为三聚氰胺树脂层，厚度为2mm，三聚氰胺树脂层用玻璃布浸渍或涂覆三聚氰胺甲醛树脂胶液，经干燥或预烘、叠合后，放入压机，加压加热制得，具有良好的耐酸耐碱耐溶剂的特点，因此三聚氰胺树脂层能够提供防腐的效果。
表观层6为PVC覆膜层，厚度为1mm，PVC主要成分为聚氯乙烯，为微黄色半透明状，有光泽，PVC膜是经过膜压工艺后形成的膜，因此不易脱落，并且具有防火耐火的效果，耐腐蚀的同时达到美观和耐用一体的效果。
基板1、阻燃层3、吸音层4、防潮层、表观层6之间均使用磷酸铝无机粘合剂粘结，磷酸铝无机粘合剂是一种新型胶黏剂，既能耐高温又能耐低温，成本低不易老化，结构简单，粘结度高，由于磷酸铝无机粘合剂自身耐高温，是一种阻燃粘合剂，在粘合各层的同时还能进一步加强阻燃板的阻燃效果，通过粘结剂的高粘结度又能使得阻燃板各层之间能够紧密连接，防止各层之间连接松动甚至脱落。

Claims (9)

1.一种阻燃板，其特征在于，包括基板(1)、功能板(2)，所述功能板(2)包括阻燃层(3)、吸音层(4)、防腐层(5)、表观层(6)，所述阻燃层(3)、吸音层(4)、防腐层(5)、表观层(6)沿所述基板(1)依次从内到外分布，所述阻燃层(3)由氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料复合而成，所述氧化镁、氯化镁、水、填充物和增强材料的质量比例为16:3:27:1:2，所述阻燃层(3)厚度为5mm，所述吸音层(4)为离心玻璃棉层，厚度为2mm，所述防腐层(5)为三聚氰胺树脂层，厚度为2mm，所述表观层(6)为PVC覆膜层，厚度为1mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述基板(1)为橡木板，厚度为30mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述基板(1)、阻燃层(3)、吸音层(4)、防潮层、表观层(6)之间均通过粘结层粘结固定。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述粘合层(7)为磷酸铝无机粘合剂层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述功能板(2)设置有两块，分别位于所述基板(1)两侧成对称分布。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述增强材料为玻璃纤维布。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述填充物为珍珠岩保温颗粒。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述氧化镁为活性高纯氧化镁。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃板，其特征在于，所述氯化镁为优质高纯氯化镁。
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