CN111057228A - 一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:仅以1,3‑丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂,先低温与环氧化物反应,再高温用环氧丙烷封端,即得。使用了1,3‑丙二醇作为起使剂,与环氧丙烷在催化剂的作用下合成不同分子量的聚醚,所得聚醚产物的相对分子质量分布较窄,且有低的未反应起始剂和副产物含量;因1,3‑丙二醇的奇数碳效应,使得所获得的聚氨酯产品有非常优异的柔软性,亲肤,可以作为织物涂层使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚醚类化合物技术领域,具体涉及一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法。
背景技术
聚醚胺是一类主链为聚醚多元醇结构,末端活性官能团为胺基的聚合物。聚醚胺是通过聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或者乙二醇/丙二醇共聚物的聚醚多元醇在高温高压下氨化得到的。
聚醚胺是胺封端,而主链上不同的聚醚多元醇分子量和结构可调节聚醚胺的反应活性、韧性、粘度以及亲水性等一系列性能,胺基能提供给聚醚胺与多种化合物反应的可能性。其特殊的分子结构赋予了聚醚胺优异的综合性能。也就是说聚醚多元醇的结构和质量直接决定聚醚胺的反应活性、韧性、粘度以及亲水性等一系列性能的应用领域和力学性能指标。
聚合物多元醇主要分为聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇。国外聚酯型为主,而国内以聚醚型为主。用聚酯二醇制得的PU具有较好的耐烧曲性和耐磨性,但耐水解性、耐水压性和低温柔顺性欠佳。聚醚多元醇的分子质量对织物整理的性能有很大的影响。此作为聚氨酯链段中的软段,主要控制分子链的弹性、胶膜的低温性能及耐水解性能。分子质量越大,整理出来的布料手感越软;分子质量越小,整理出来的布料手感偏硬。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,提供的技术方案是一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
仅以1,3-丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂,先低温与环氧化物反应,再高温用环氧丙烷封端,即得。
所述的路易斯酸催化剂为(C6F5)3B或HB(C6F5)4中的一种或两种,用量为1,3-丙二醇、环氧化物和环氧丙烷三者总质量的0.1~0.5%。
所述的低温温度为60~75℃,高温温度为90~110℃。
所述的环氧化物为环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷中的一种或两种,用量为环氧化物和环氧丙烷总质量的50~60%。
所述的1,3-丙二醇与环氧化物的质量比为1:1.5~5。
所述的低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其制备步骤包括:
1)聚合反应:仅以1,3-丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂,搅拌均匀后,氮气置换至少3次,抽至真空压力≤-0.09MPa,停止抽真空,升温,当温度达到60℃,然后连续加入环氧化物,进行聚合反应,反应温度控制在60~75℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加完环氧化物后,继续反应,至压力稳定不变化,并维持20分钟以上后,得到中间体聚醚多元醇;
2)封端反应:将步骤1)得到的中间体聚醚多元醇加热至90℃,然后连续加入环氧丙烷,进行聚合反应封端,反应温度控制在90~110℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加入环氧丙烷封端反应,反应至压力稳定不变后保持至少30min,抽真空压力≤-0.09MPa下,脱去未反应的环氧丙烷单体,封端反应完成;添加相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为1%~20%的水或醇,相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为0.3%~2%的碱性化合物或胺类化合物,并加热至80~100℃,使残留的路易斯酸催化剂分解;然后加入水滑石类吸附剂进行吸附,加入硅藻土类助滤剂,过滤,得到所需聚醚多元醇。
步骤1)中所述的中间体聚醚多元醇分子量控制在150~350。
步骤2)中所述的聚醚多元醇分子量控制在200~500。
有益效果:使用了1,3-丙二醇作为起使剂,与环氧丙烷在催化剂的作用下合成不同分子量的聚醚,所得聚醚产物的相对分子质量分布较窄,且有低的未反应起始剂和副产物含量;因1,3-丙二醇的奇数碳效应,使得所获得的聚氨酯产品有非常优异的柔软性,亲肤,可以作为织物涂层使用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
所述的低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其制备步骤包括:
1)聚合反应:仅以1,3-丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂(C6F5)3B,搅拌均匀后,氮气置换至少3次,抽至真空压力≤-0.09MPa,停止抽真空,升温,当温度达到60℃,然后连续加入环氧丙烷,进行聚合反应,反应温度控制在60~75℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加完环氧丙烷后,继续反应,至压力稳定不变化,并维持20分钟以上后,得到中间体聚醚多元醇;所述的路易斯酸催化剂(C6F5)3B用量为1,3-丙二醇、环氧丙烷两者总质量的0.2%;所述的1,3-丙二醇与步骤1)中环氧丙烷的质量比为1:3.5;
2)封端反应:将步骤1)得到的中间体聚醚多元醇加热至90℃,然后连续加入环氧丙烷,进行聚合反应封端,反应温度控制在90~110℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加入环氧丙烷封端反应,反应至压力稳定不变后保持至少30min,抽真空压力≤-0.09MPa下,脱去未反应的环氧丙烷单体,封端反应完成;添加相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为1%~20%的水或醇,相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为0.3%~2%的碱性化合物或胺类化合物,并加热至80~100℃,使残留的路易斯酸催化剂分解;然后加入水滑石类吸附剂进行吸附,加入硅藻土类助滤剂,过滤,得到所需聚醚多元醇。
步骤1)中所述的中间体聚醚多元醇分子量控制在150~350。
步骤2)中所述的聚醚多元醇分子量控制在200~500。
实施例2
所述的低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其制备步骤包括:
1)聚合反应:仅以1,3-丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂(C6F5)3B,搅拌均匀后,氮气置换至少3次,抽至真空压力≤-0.09MPa,停止抽真空,升温,当温度达到60℃,然后连续加入环氧乙烷,进行聚合反应,反应温度控制在60~75℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加完环氧乙烷后,继续反应,至压力稳定不变化,并维持20分钟以上后,得到中间体聚醚多元醇;所述的路易斯酸催化剂(C6F5)3B,用量为1,3-丙二醇、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷三者总质量的0.4%,所述的环氧乙烷用量为环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷总质量的56%;所述的1,3-丙二醇与环氧乙烷的质量比为1:2.5;
2)封端反应:将步骤1)得到的中间体聚醚多元醇加热至90℃,然后连续加入环氧丙烷,进行聚合反应封端,反应温度控制在90~110℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加入环氧丙烷封端反应,反应至压力稳定不变后保持至少30min,抽真空压力≤-0.09MPa下,脱去未反应的环氧丙烷单体,封端反应完成;添加相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为1%~20%的水或醇,相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为0.3%~2%的碱性化合物或胺类化合物,并加热至80~100℃,使残留的路易斯酸催化剂分解;然后加入水滑石类吸附剂进行吸附,加入硅藻土类助滤剂,过滤,得到所需聚醚多元醇。
步骤1)中所述的中间体聚醚多元醇分子量控制在150~350。
步骤2)中所述的聚醚多元醇分子量控制在200~500。
实施例3
所述的低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其制备步骤包括:
1)聚合反应:仅以1,3-丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂HB(C6F5)4,搅拌均匀后,氮气置换至少3次,抽至真空压力≤-0.09MPa,停止抽真空,升温,当温度达到60℃,然后连续加入环氧丙烷,进行聚合反应,反应温度控制在60~75℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加完环氧丙烷后,继续反应,至压力稳定不变化,并维持20分钟以上后,得到中间体聚醚多元醇;所述的HB(C6F5)4用量为1,3-丙二醇、环氧丙烷两者总质量的0.3%;所述的1,3-丙二醇与步骤1)中环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4;
2)封端反应:将步骤1)得到的中间体聚醚多元醇加热至90℃,然后连续加入环氧丙烷,进行聚合反应封端,反应温度控制在90~110℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加入环氧丙烷封端反应,反应至压力稳定不变后保持至少30min,抽真空压力≤-0.09MPa下,脱去未反应的环氧丙烷单体,封端反应完成;添加相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为1%~20%的水或醇,相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为0.3%~2%的碱性化合物或胺类化合物,并加热至80~100℃,使残留的路易斯酸催化剂分解;然后加入水滑石类吸附剂进行吸附,加入硅藻土类助滤剂,过滤,得到所需聚醚多元醇。
步骤1)中所述的中间体聚醚多元醇分子量控制在150~350。
步骤2)中所述的聚醚多元醇分子量控制在200~500。
表1实施例1-3制备聚醚多元醇测试指标
Claims (8)
1.一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:仅以1,3-丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂,先低温与环氧化物反应,再高温用环氧丙烷封端,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的路易斯酸催化剂为(C6F5)3B或HB(C6F5)4中的一种或两种,用量为1,3-丙二醇、环氧化物和环氧丙烷三者总质量的0.1~0.5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的低温温度为60~75℃,高温温度为90~110℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的环氧化物为环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷中的一种或两种,用量为环氧化物和环氧丙烷总质量的50~60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的1,3-丙二醇与环氧化物的质量比为1:1.5~5。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其制备步骤包括:
1)聚合反应:仅以1,3-丙二醇为起始剂,加入路易斯酸催化剂,搅拌均匀后,氮气置换至少3次,抽至真空压力≤-0.09MPa,停止抽真空,升温,当温度达到60℃,然后连续加入环氧化物,进行聚合反应,反应温度控制在60~75℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加完环氧化物后,继续反应,至压力稳定不变化,并维持20分钟以上后,得到中间体聚醚多元醇;
2)封端反应:将步骤1)得到的中间体聚醚多元醇加热至90℃,然后连续加入环氧丙烷,进行聚合反应封端,反应温度控制在90~110℃,反应压力≤0.4MPa,加入环氧丙烷封端反应,反应至压力稳定不变后保持至少30min,抽真空压力≤-0.09MPa下,脱去未反应的环氧丙烷单体,封端反应完成;添加相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为1%~20%的水或醇,相对于聚醚多元醇质量分数为0.3%~2%的碱性化合物或胺类化合物,并加热至80~100℃,使残留的路易斯酸催化剂分解;然后加入水滑石类吸附剂进行吸附,加入硅藻土类助滤剂,过滤,得到所需聚醚多元醇。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述的中间体聚醚多元醇分子量控制在150~350。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种低分子量聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述的聚醚多元醇分子量控制在200~500。
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